The average for 2021 based on 27 countries was 187 people per square km. The highest value was in Malta: 1620 people per square km and the lowest value was in Finland: 18 people per square km. The indicator is available from 1961 to 2021. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

In 2022, the population density in the European Union remained nearly unchanged at around 112.05 inhabitants per square kilometer. Still, the population density reached its highest value in the observed period in 2022. Population density refers to the number of people living in a certain country or area, given as an average per square kilometer. It is calculated by dividing the total midyear population by the total land area.

Population density (people per sq. km of land area) in European Union was reported at 112 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Population density (people per sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

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Denmark has, by far, the highest population density of the Nordic countries. This is related to the fact that it is the smallest Nordic country in terms of land area. Meanwhile, Iceland, which has the smallest population of the five countries, also has the lowest population density. As the total population increased in all five countries over the past decade, the population density also increased.

Monaco led the ranking for countries with the highest population density in 2024, with nearly 26,000 residents per square kilometer. The Special Administrative Region of Macao came in second, followed by Singapore. The world’s second smallest country Monaco is the world’s second-smallest country, with an area of about two square kilometers and a population of only around 40,000. It is a constitutional monarchy located by the Mediterranean Sea, and while Monaco is not part of the European Union, it does participate in some EU policies. The country is perhaps most famous for the Monte Carlo casino and for hosting the Monaco Grand Prix, the world's most prestigious Formula One race. The global population Globally, the population density per square kilometer is about 60 inhabitants, and Asia is the most densely populated region in the world. The global population is increasing rapidly, so population density is only expected to increase. In 1950, for example, the global population stood at about 2.54 billion people, and it reached over eight billion during 2023.

This dataset contains the modeling results GIS data (maps) of the study “Sustainable Human Population Density in Western Europe between 560.000 and 360.000 years ago” by Rodríguez et al. (2022). The NPP data (npp.zip) was computed using an empirical formula (the Miami model) from palaeo temperature and palaeo precipitation data aggregated for each timeslice from the Oscillayers dataset (Gamisch, 2019), as defined in Rodríguez et al. (2022, in review). The Population densities file (pop_densities.zip) contains the computed minimum and maximum population densities rasters for each of the defined MIS timeslices. With the population density value Dc in logarithmic form log(Dc). The Species Distribution Model (sdm.7z) includes input data (folder /data), intermediate results (folder /work) and results and figures (folder /results). All modelling steps are included as an R project in the folder /scripts. The R project is subdivided into individual scripts for data preparation (1.x), sampling procedure (2.x), and model computation (3.x). The habitat range estimation (habitat_ranges.zip) includes the potential spatial boundaries of the hominin habitat as binary raster files with 1=presence and 0=absence. The ranges rely on a dichotomic classification of the habitat suitability with a threshold value inferred from the 5% quantile of the presence data. The habitat suitability (habitat_suitability.zip) is the result of the Species Distribution Modelling and describes the environmental suitability for hominin presence based on the sites considered in this study. The values range between 0=low and 1=high suitability. The dataset includes the mean (pred_mean) and standard deviation (pred_std) of multiple model runs.

European Union population density for 2022 was 112.05, a 0.29% increase from 2021.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>European Union population density for 2021 was <strong>111.73</strong>, a <strong>0.25% decline</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>European Union population density for 2020 was <strong>112.01</strong>, a <strong>0.08% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
<li>European Union population density for 2019 was <strong>111.92</strong>, a <strong>0.08% increase</strong> from 2018.</li>
</ul>Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.

This map shows the population density in North-Eastern Europe in 2011. This map is extracted from the cartographic atlas made on the occasion of the merger of the Alsace, Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine Regions in January 2016. It is available on the website of the Grand Est Region. This map was designed for A3 format, landscape.

The population density of Spain maintained a steadily at a rate of over 92 inhabitants per square kilometers in the last decade, with the latest figures revealing a density of 95 people per square kilometer in 2022. Spain’s degree of urbanization is rather high, with levels reaching over 81 percent of urbanization in the country. Andalusia, with a total number of 8.6 million inhabitants, ranked first on the list of most populous autonomous communities in Spain.

Population density: a world of contrast

Spain is far from the European Union’s average population density, which stood at approximately 111.89 people per square kilometer in 2021, that is, a difference of over 17 people per square meter below the average. Monaco, the country with the highest population density in the world, featured about 24,621 inhabitants per square kilometer, making Spain’s population density look minimal. The results in Macao were very similar, with a population density that reached over 21,000 people per square kilometer.

The re-population of a country

The population of Spain declined for many years during the economic recession, returning to a positive trend after 2015. The Spanish population is projected to increase by nearly two million by 2028 compared to 2024. Despite this expected increase, Spain has one of the lowest fertility rate in the European Union, with barely 1.29 children per woman according to the latest reports.

Available data for gross domestic product (GDP) and population density are useful for defining divisions in socio-economic gradients across Europe, since economic power and human population pressure are recognised as two of the most critical factors causing ecosystem changes. To overcome both the limitations in data availability and in the distortions caused by using administrative regions, we decided to base the socio-economic dimension on an economic density indicator, defined as the income generated per square kilometre (EUR km-2), which can be mapped at a 1km2 spatial resolution. Economic density forms an integrative indicator that is based on two key drivers that were identified above: economic power and human population pressure. The indicator, which has been used to rank countries by their level of development, can be considered a crude measure for impacts on the environment caused by economic activity. An economic density map (EUR km-2) at 1 km2 spatial resolution was constructed by multiplying economic power (EUR person-1) with population density (person km-2). Subsequent logarithmic divisions resulted in an aggregated map of four economic density zones. Although the map has a fine spatial resolution it has to be realised that they form a spatial disaggregation of coarser census statistics. Importantly, the finer resolution discerns regional gradients in human activity that are required for many environmental studies, whilst broad gradients in economic activity is also treated consistently across Europe. GDP and population density data used were for the year 2001. The dataset consists of GeoTiff files of the economic density map and the four economic density zones.

As of 2025, Asia was the most densely populated region of the world, with nearly 156 inhabitants per square kilometer, whereas Oceania's population density was just over five inhabitants per square kilometer.

Count of persons at their usual place of residence per square km

The 1930 census. Density of the population of each municipality of the Netherlands, in the 9 groups of municipalities, the 11 provinces and the Netherlands total according to the condition of 31 December 1930. The data are derived from Part 1, Tables VII, VIII and IX.

Data available for: 1930

Status of the figures: The data in this table are final.

Changes as of 1 June 2018: None, this table has been discontinued.

When are new figures coming? No longer applicable.

Between 2015 and 2022, Estonia had the highest density of “right to be forgotten” or “right to erasure” requests issued to Google and Microsoft Bing, among other European countries, with almost 59 appeals per 10 thousand inhabitants. Registering the highest number of requests during the analyzed period, France ranked second regarding request density, with 46.2 requests per 10 thousand inhabitants.

population density for 2021 was 11.19, a 0.7% increase from 2020.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li> population density for 2020 was <strong>11.12</strong>, a <strong>0.71% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
<li> population density for 2019 was <strong>11.04</strong>, a <strong>0.87% increase</strong> from 2018.</li>
<li> population density for 2018 was <strong>10.94</strong>, a <strong>0.84% increase</strong> from 2017.</li>
</ul>Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.

From 2015 to 2022, Northern and Western Europe had the highest density of "right to be forgotten" or "right to erasure" requests issued to Google and Bing, with 37 and 26 appeals per 10 thousand inhabitants in the respective regions.

We present a probabilistic approach to climate indices to derive high exposure zones across the European continent, utilizing high-resolution observed data over the last 70 years. 56 distinct climate indices related to drought, global radiation, precipitation, relative humidity, sea level pressure, and temperature are identified, shedding light on the complexity and multifaceted nature of risks encountered by European regions during co-occurrences of the different climatic events. Our findings suggest that precipitation and temperature-based indices are particularly useful in identifying high-risk regions in southern and southeastern Europe, whereas precipitation-based indices are for Northern and Western Europe. Temperature indices and potential evapotranspiration account for most risk exposure to Europe’s dominant land use type. The highest exposure percentage of the population occurs with differences in days above and below the maximum temperature of 17 °C. About 17 climate indices with high-risk magnitudes are present regionally and in specific months, emphasizing diverse risk exposure. Russia, Norway, Iceland, and Sweden experience diverse high-risk co-occurrences, with multiple climate indices related to precipitation and temperature. The findings expand the range of climate indices and demarcate hotspots and risk zones, allowing for more effective climate monitoring and risk mitigation strategies.

Since larger scales consider areas with no or only sporadical occupation, density reduces considerably. Maximum (1), mean (2), and minimum (3) estimate of persons and population density (persons per 100km2).

This dataset contains the number of inhabitants per km² for the reference year 2006 and located within the Grid_ETRS89-LAEA_1K. The data set should be referred to GEOSTAT_Grid_POP_2006_1K. The dataset is compiled from the following data sources: aggregated residential population for the year 2006 (AT, SE, FI, SI, NL); estimated residential population for the year 2006 based on mixed national sources (EE, PT, FR, NO, PL, UK (England, Wales)); disaggregated residential population for the year 2006 using using population statistics at LAU2 level for 2006 as data input and Soil Sealing and Corine LC 2006 (BE, BG, CH, CZ, DE, EL, ES, HU, IE, IS, IT, LI, LT, LU, LV, MT, RO, SK, UK (Scotland, Northern Ireland) as ancillary data for the disaggregation. No data available for CY due to absent LAU2 data for Cyprus for the reference year 2006. The dataset is based on a product of the GEOSTAT project which is supported by the European Commission and the European Forum for Geostatistics EFGS. This abstract is based on the abstract provided with the original dataset (CSV file).