Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices still have not returned to pre-pandemic levels, such as in countries like Italy, where prices are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour in September 2025. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market. As of August 2025, electricity prices in Italy have decreased to ****** euros per megawatt hour, reflecting ongoing volatility in the market.

Energy Prices In the Euro Area decreased to 144.13 points in October from 144.37 points in September of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Energy Prices.

In 2024, Germany recorded the highest residential electricity price for users within Europe, at 44.11 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. This was followed by Ireland, at 36.11 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. Italy, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark and Czechia were also among the countries with the highest electricity costs.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In most European cities, energy prices constituted the main share of the residential end-user electricity price in July 2025. Energy price shares are among the highest in the capital cities of Cyprus, Malta, and Greece, which are largely reliant on energy imports. Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Brussels account for the largest energy taxes in the region. In the Danish capital, for instance, energy taxes -including VAT- represented ** percent of the residential electricity price. Household electricity prices around the world Italy and Germany have some of the highest electricity prices in the world. Heavily reliant on natural gas imports, these two countries were profoundly stricken by the 2022 energy crisis. Overall, Western Europe is the most expensive region for household power purchases, while many large energy-producing countries such as Russia and Saudi Arabia offer their residents the cheapest average rates. Heating gas prices in European cities In terms of residential use gas prices in Europe, Stockholm was the most expensive city in January 2025. Inhabitants of Sweden's capital paid for gas over 8* percent more than consumers in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands, which ranked second. Imports dominate Sweden's gas supply.

In 2024, electricity prices for an annual consumption between 2,500 and 5,000 kilowatt-hours in the European Union were the highest for households in Germany. The nation's residences paid on average more than 40 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. In comparison, costs were the lowest in Hungary, where households paid 10.6 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices in the European Union averaged 28.7 euro cents per kilowatt-hour in the second half of the year.

In 2024, Ireland recorded the highest electricity prices in the European Union for non-household consumers, with prices of 20.69 and 25.56 euro cents per kilowatt-hour for annual consumption levels of 20,000 to 70,000 megawatt-hours and 500 and 2,000 megawatt-hours, respectively. Finland recorded the lowest prices in the same period.

This dataset provides values for ENERGY PRICES. reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

View monthly updates and historical trends for European Union Consumer Price Index: Energy. Source: Eurostat. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

This table contains consumer prices for electricity and gas. Weighted average monthly prices are published broken down into transport rate, delivery rates and taxes, both including and excluding VAT. These prices are published on a monthly basis. The prices presented in this table were used to compile the CPI up to May 2023. Prices for newly offered contracts were collected. Contract types that are no longer offered, but have been in previous reporting periods, are imputed. The average can therefore diverge from the prices paid for energy contracts by Dutch households.

Data available from January 2018 up to May 2023.

Status of the figures: The figures are definitive.

Changes as of 17 July 2023: This table will no longer be updated. Due to a change in the underlying data and accompanying method for calculcating average energy prices, a new table was created. See paragraph 3.

Changes as of 13 February: Average delivery rates are not shown in this table from January 2023 up to May 2023. With the introduction of the price cap, the average energy rates (delivery rates) of fixed and variable energy contracts together remained useful for calculating a development for the CPI. However, as a pricelevel, they are less useful. Average energy prices from January 2023 up to May 2023 are published in a customized table. In this publication, only data concerning new variable contracts are taken into account

When will new figures be published? Does not apply.

Table comparing electricity prices per kWh and their annual changes in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy, highlighting the variations across European countries. Source: Eurostat.

The European energy market is one of the most complex and dynamic in the world, undergoing a rapid transition towards renewable energy sources. This dataset offers a granular, hourly look into the heart of this system, providing a unique opportunity to analyze market dynamics, the impact of renewables, and price volatility across a wide range of European countries.

The data covers the period from January 1, 2024, to June 30, 2025. It uniquely combines two critical pieces of information for each hour:

1. Day-Ahead Price: The market clearing price for electricity to be delivered the following day (€/MWh).
2. Generation Mix: The actual amount of electricity generated from various sources like solar, wind, nuclear, and fossil fuels (in MW).

This combination allows for deep analysis, moving beyond simple price forecasting to understanding the fundamental drivers of energy markets.

Energy inflation rates in the European Union have experienced significant fluctuations in recent years, with dramatic increases followed by sharp declines. The impact of geopolitical events, particularly Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the tensions in the Middle East, has led to intense volatility in energy prices across various commodities. As of June 2025, liquid fuels are projected to have a negative inflation rate of nine percent, a stark contrast to the peak of 88 percent seen in June 2022. Broader energy price trends The volatility in energy inflation rates is reflected in broader price indices. The harmonized index of consumer prices (HICP) for energy in the EU reached nearly 170 index points in October 2022, before declining slightly in 2023 and 2024. This surge was largely driven by increased fuel demand after the COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions on Russian fossil fuel imports. By comparison, the global energy price index stood at approximately 101.5 in 2024, with forecasts suggesting a decrease to below 80 by 2026. This was considerably lower than the HICP in the EU in 2025, which was around 150. Energy consumption patterns Despite price volatility, global primary energy consumption was continuously rising and is expected to increase until 2045. While renewable energy production is projected to grow in the upcoming years, oil and gas will remain the dominant energy sources worldwide in the next few decades. The two fossil fuels had a central role in the EU’s energy sector as well, having accounted for almost 65 percent of the region’s primary energy consumption in 2024.

European Union - Electricity prices: Medium size households was EUR0.29 Kilowatt-hour in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for European Union - Electricity prices: Medium size households - last updated from the EUROSTAT on December of 2025. Historically, European Union - Electricity prices: Medium size households reached a record high of EUR0.29 Kilowatt-hour in December of 2023 and a record low of EUR0.17 Kilowatt-hour in December of 2010.

Germany Electricity decreased 17.60 EUR/MWh or 15.21% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Germany Electricity Price.

TTF Gas fell to 27.92 EUR/MWh on December 3, 2025, down 0.17% from the previous day. Over the past month, TTF Gas's price has fallen 14.22%, and is down 40.94% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

European statistics on electricity prices for household and final non-household customers.

Dataset comprising data from five day-ahead electricity markets:

Nord pool: The Nord pool day-ahead electricity market, one of the largest European power market. PJM: The zonal prices of the COMED area in the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) market. EPEX-FR: The French day-ahead electricity market. EPEX-BE: The Belgian day-ahead electricity market. EPEX-DE: The German day-ahead electricity market. Each market contains 6 years of data (we consider a year to be 364 days to have an integer number of weeks). The specific dates are:

Nord pool: 01.01.2013 – 24.12.2018 PJM: 01.01.2013 – 24.12.2018 EPEX-FR: 09.01.2011 – 31.12.2016 EPEX-BE: 09.01.2011 – 31.12.2016 EPEX-DE: 09.01.2012 – 31.12.2017 Each dataset comprises historical prices and two relevant exogenous inputs based on day-ahead forecasts of price drivers. The day--ahead forecast representing other exogenous inputs are market dependent:

Nord pool: System load + Wind power generation. PJM: System load + Zonal load in the COMED area. EPEX-FR: System load + Generation in France EPEX-BE: System load in France + Generation in France EPEX-DE: Zonal load in the TSO Amprion zone + Aggregated Wind and Solar power generation All datasets are given using the local timezone:

Nord pool: Central European Time (CET) PJM: Eastern Time (ET) EPEX-FR: Central European Time (CET) EPEX-BE: Central European Time (CET) EPEX-DE: Central European Time (CET) For all five datasets, the daylight saving times (DST) are pre-processed by interpolating the missing values in Spring and averaging the values corresponding to the duplicated time indices in Autumn.

DISCLAIMER

We do not own the data, but we simply have gathered it so other researchers can easily test their methods on multiple day-ahead markets. The data has been gathered using the respective websites of each day-ahead market where these data are freely available. The websites we used to gather the data are:

Nord Pool: Nord pool website PJM: PJM website EPEX-FR: ENTSO-E transparency platform + RTE website (French TSO) EPEX-BE: ENTSO-E transparency platform + RTE website (French TSO) + Elia website (Belgian TSO) EPEX-DE: ENTSO-E transparency platform + Amprion TSO website + TenneT website + 50Hertz website

Graph and download economic data for Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices: Energy for Euro Area (19 Countries) (ENRGY0EZ19M086NEST) from Dec 1999 to Oct 2025 about energy, Euro Area, harmonized, Europe, CPI, price index, indexes, and price.