In 2024, Germany was the leading EU country in terms of population, with around 85 million inhabitants. In 2050, approximately 89.2 million people will live in Germany, according to the forecast. See the total EU population figures for more information. The global population The global population is rapidly increasing. Between 1990 and 2015, it increased by around 2 billion people. Furthermore, it is estimated that the global population will have increased by another 1 billion by 2030. Asia is the continent with the largest population, followed by Africa and Europe. In Asia,the two most populous nations worldwide are located, China and India. In 2014, the combined population in China and India alone amounted to more than 2.6 billion people. for comparison, the total population in the whole continent of Europe is at around 741 million people. As of 2014, about 60 percent of the global population was living in Asia, with only approximately 10 percent in Europe and even less in the United States. Europe is the continent with the second-highest life expectancy at birth in the world, only barely surpassed by Northern America. In 2013, the life expectancy at birth in Europe was around 78 years. Stable economies and developing and emerging markets in European countries provide for good living conditions. Seven of the top twenty countries in the world with the largest gross domestic product in 2015 are located in Europe.

To achieve the decarbonization goal, electricity consumption in the European Union is forecast to increase in the coming years. According to the Fit for 55 (FF55) scenario, the total electricity demand of the EU will reach almost 3.6 petawatt-hours by 2030 and 4.5 petawatt-hours by 2050. EU's estimated electricity demand inspired by the REPowerEU and Radical Action scenario is larger, surpassing five petawatt-hours by 2050 in the second case.

The dataset includes the soil loss by water erosion projections by 2050. The data include 3 raster files for the corresponding three different greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) , the erosivity projections and the C-factor 2050.

This statistic displays the projected Muslim population of Europe from 2010 to 2050, compared with that of non-Muslims. For the 2050 projections, three different scenarios are presented, one for zero migration to Europe, one for medium migration and the last for a high level of immigration. In the scenario where zero-migration occurs the total non-Muslim population of Europe would actually decrease from ****** million people to ****** million people. In the high migration scenario, Muslims are predicted to number ***** million people, in which the total non-Muslim population of Europe is ****** million.

This statistic displays the age distribution of Europe in 2020, with forecasts for 2025 and 2050. In 2020, the largest age group in Europe were those aged between 35 and 39, at roughly ** million people. By 2025 however, the largest age group is forecasted to be those aged 40-44 (**** million) and by 2050 those aged 60-64 (**** million).

The EU Green Deal aims for climate neutrality by 2050, focusing on sustainability, emissions reduction, and boosting biodiversity.

(1) Output of the Renewable Energy Model (REM) as described in Insights into weather-driven extremes in Europe’s resources for renewable energy (Ho and Fiedler, 2024), last modification on 30.10.2023 from Linh Ho, named year_PV_wind_generation_v2.nc, with 23 years from 1995 to 2017. REM includes one simulation of photovoltaic (PV) power production and one simulation of wind power production across European domain, with a horizontal resolution of 48 km, hourly output for the period 1995--2017.

The output has a European domain with the same size as in the reanalysis dataset COSMO-REA6. This is a rotated grid with the coordinates of the rotated North Pole −162.0, 39.25, and of the lower left corner −23.375, −28.375. See Bollmeyer et al. (2014, http://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2486). Data downloaded from https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/REA/COSMO_REA6/

(2) Weather pattern classification daily for Europe from 1995 to April 2020, named EGWL_LegacyGWL.txt, from James (2007, http://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-006-0239-3)

(3) The installation data of PV and wind power in Europe for one scenario in 2050 from the CLIMIX model, processed to have the same horizontal resolution as in REM, named installed_capacity_PV_wind_power_from_CLIMIX_final.nc. Original data were provided at 0.11 degree resolution, acquired from personal communication with the author from Jerez et al. (2015, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.041)

(4) Python scripts of REM, including: - model_PV_wind_complete_v2.py: the main script to produce REM output - model_PV_wind_potential_v2.py: produce potential (capacity factor) of PV and wind power for model evaluations, e.g., against CDS and Renewables Ninja data, as descript in Ho and Fiedler (2024) - model_PV_wind_complete_v1_ONLYyear2000.py: a separate Python script to produce REM output only for the year 2000. Note that the data for 2000 from COSMO-REA6 were read in a different approach (using cfgrib) probably due to the time stamp changes at the beginning of the milenium, also explains the larger size of the final output - utils_LH_archive_Oct2022.py: contains necessary Python functions to run the other scripts

(5) Jupyter notebook files to reproduce the figures in Ho and Fiedler (2024), named Paper1_Fig*_**.ipynb

(6) Time series of European-aggregated PV and wind power production hourly during the period 1995--2017, processed data from the dataset (1) to facilitate the reproduction of the figures, including two installations scale-2019 and scenario-2050: - Timeseries_all_hourly_1995_2017_GW_scale2019.csv - Timeseries_all_hourly_1995_2017_GW_scen2050.csv

Europe is aiming to implement a number of sustainability targets to restore and protect its biodiversity under the European Green Deal and post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Yet, the land system consequences of meeting such targets are unclear, as multiple pathways may be able to deliver on these targets while minimizing trade-offs with different ecosystem services. This data presents the results of a land use simulation study consisting of three European-scale land use maps for 2050 at a 1km2 resolution. Each map is the outcome of a different scenario reflecting an alternative, normative view on meeting the same sustainability targets for the region, guided by the Nature Futures Framework developed by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. The Nature for Society scenario showcases a future where sustainability targets are met while favoring landscapes providing strong climate regulation, the Nature for Nature scenario favors greater species conservation, while the Nature as Culture scenario ensures the preservation of agricultural heritage features. All files are in GeoTIFF format. Methodological details can be found at the related publication. In addition to the NFF scenarios (based on SSP1) we also provide a result for 2050 for SSP1 and SSP3 without the specific NFF settings that assume green deal policy implementation.

Hydrogen demand in the European Union is forecast to grow to 2,250 terawatt hours, assuming a scenario which will see the world only partly electrified and continuing to depend on material energy carriers. Under scenario A, assuming a fully electrified world, hydrogen demand in the EU is expected to amount to some 800 terawatt hours.

This map shows the potential number of affected inhabitants (people at risk) of a flood due to intense precipitation with a low probability, medium probability and high probability in future climate (with climate projection 2050), aggregated per district.

Nuclear power's share of electricity generation in Northern, Western and Southern Europe stood at 20 percent in 2023. Nuclear energy's contribution to electricity generation is forecast to decrease in the coming decade. In a high case scenario of targeted nuclear power expansion, a growth in the nuclear share of European electricity production is expected between 2030 and 2050, reaching over 21 percent by 2050. In the opposite scenario, this percentage would decrease to 11. Similar projections for the nuclear share of electricity generation in North America show figures as low as 7.3 percent if nuclear power is not promoted.

This map shows the maximum current velocity per location for a flood from the sea with a low probability, medium probability and high probability in future climate (with climate projection 2050). Flow rates are only shown where there are 2-dimensional models that allow an accurate estimation of the flow rate and is expressed in meters per second (m/s).

This map shows the maximum water depth at a certain location for a flood from the sea with a low probability, medium probability and high probability in future climate (with climate projection 2050). The water depth in the flooded area (distance of water surface to ground level) is expressed in centimetres.

The EU Reference Scenario is one of the European Commission's key analysis tools in the areas of energy, transport and climate action. It is updated regularly as it projects the impact of current EU policies on energy and transport trends as well as changes in the expected amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

It provides projections for indicators, such as the share of renewable energy sources or levels of energy efficiency, on a five-year period up until 2050 for the EU as a whole and for each EU country.

The Reference Scenario is a projection of where our current set of policies coupled with market trends are likely to lead. The EU has set ambitious objectives for 2020, 2030 and 2050 on climate and energy, so the Reference Scenario allows policy makers to analyse the long-term economic, energy, climate and transport outlook based on the current policy framework.

The Reference Scenario is not designed as a forecast of what is likely to happen in the future. It rather provides a benchmark against which new policy proposals can be assessed.

With the active participation of national experts from all EU countries, the European Commission works in partnership with a modelling consortium led by the National Technical University of Athens to develop the Reference Scenario.

This map shows the annual average social impact of flooding from the sea in future climate (with climate projection 2050). The social risk is calculated as a weighted combination of the 3 social damage maps with high, medium and low probability, expressed in a relative score/m²/year.

This map shows the maximum current velocity per location for a flood from the sea with a low probability, medium probability and high probability in future climate (with climate projection 2050). Flow rates are only shown where there are 2-dimensional models that allow an accurate estimation of the flow rate and is expressed in meters per second (m/s).

This map shows the use of space in the potentially affected area of ​​a flood from the sea with a low probability, medium probability and high probability in future climate (with climate projection 2050). A more detailed Flemish land use map based on the Biological Valuation Map is used for this purpose.

This map shows the social impact of a flood from the sea with a low probability, medium probability and high probability in future climate (with climate projection 2050). The social impact is calculated in function of the social vulnerability and number of affected persons expressed in a relative social impact score/m².

This Excel file contains the data behind the graphs of the following JRC report:

Tsiropoulos I., Nijs W., Tarvydas D., Ruiz Castello P., Towards net-zero emissions in the EU energy system by 2050 – Insights from scenarios in line with the 2030 and 2050 ambitions of the European Green Deal, EUR 29981 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2020, ISBN 978-92-76-13096-3, doi:10.2760/081488, JRC118592.

The report is downloadable from: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/towards-net-zero-emissions-eu-energy-system-2050

The key to achieving net-zero aviation in the European Union is to use sustainable aviation fuel. Therefore, The European Commission has proposed a SAF-blending requirement for fuel supplied to EU airports. This mandate would require *** million metric tons of SAF usage by 2030 and **** million metric tons by 2050.