We present the crop diversity change maps in European Union (EU-27) at six observational scales from 1 to 50 km. We use novel high-resolution (10 m) satellite-derived data to map the multi-scale spatial changes of crop diversity in Europe between 2018 and 2022.

The International Hydrogeological Map of Europe, scale 1:1,500,000 is a series of general hydrogeological maps comprising 25 map sheets with explanatory notes, covering the whole European continent and parts of the Near East. The national contributions to this map series were compiled by hydrogeologists and experts in related sciences of the countries concerned under the auspices of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) and its Commission on Hydrogeological Maps (COHYM). The project is supported by the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW).The scientific editorial work is supported financially by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany through the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) and by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). These organizations are responsible for the cartography, printing and publication of the map sheets and explanatory notes.The series of hydrogeological maps seeks to represent the hydrogeological setting of Europe as a whole without regard to political boundaries. Together with the information presented in the accompanying explanatory notes, the map can be used for scientific purposes, for large-scale regional planning and as a basis for detailed hydrogeological mapping.

Spatial data from Schulp et al., 2014. Uncertainties in ecosystem service maps: A comparison on the European scale. PloS ONE 9, e109643. Safeguarding the benefits that ecosystems provide to society is increasingly included as a target in international policies. To support such policies, ecosystem service maps are made. However, there is little attention for the accuracy of these maps. We made a systematic review and quantitative comparison of ecosystem service maps on the European scale to generate insights in the uncertainty of ecosystem service maps and discuss the possibilities for quantitative validation. This data package contains maps of the ecosystem services climate regulation, erosion protection, flood regulation, pollination, and recreation. For each service, a map of the average supply according to all analyzed maps is included, as well as a map of the uncertainty of the service. The data package contains a detailed read-me.

Spatial coverage index compiled by East View Geospatial of set "Greece 1:100,000 Scale Topographic Maps". Source data from HMGS (publisher). Type: Topographic. Scale: 1:100,000. Region: Europe.

Cities are major drivers of environmental change at all scales and are especially at risk from the ensuing effects, which include poor air quality, flooding and heat waves. Typically, these issues are studied on a city-by-city basis owing to the spatial complexity of built landscapes, local topography and emission patterns. However, to ensure knowledge sharing and to integrate local-scale processes with regional and global scale modelling initiatives, there is a pressing need for a world-wide database on cities that is suited for environmental studies. In this paper we present a European database that has a particular focus on characterising urbanised landscapes. It has been derived using tools and techniques developed as part of the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) project, which has the goal of acquiring and disseminating climate-relevant information on cities worldwide. The European map is the first major step toward creating a global database on cities that can be integrated with existing topographic and natural land-cover databases to support modelling initiatives.

Spatial data from Schulp et al., 2014. Uncertainties in ecosystem service maps: A comparison on the European scale. PloS ONE 9, e109643. Safeguarding the benefits that ecosystems provide to society is increasingly included as a target in international policies. To support such policies, ecosystem service maps are made. However, there is little attention for the accuracy of these maps. We made a systematic review and quantitative comparison of ecosystem service maps on the European scale to generate insights in the uncertainty of ecosystem service maps and discuss the possibilities for quantitative validation. This data package contains maps of the ecosystem services climate regulation, erosion protection, flood regulation, pollination, and recreation. For each service, a map of the average supply according to all analyzed maps is included, as well as a map of the uncertainty of the service. The data package contains a detailed read-me.

This dataset was generated by the TU Wien Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation.European Sentinel-1 forest type and tree cover density maps represent first continental-scale forest layers based on Sentinel-1 C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter data. For the year 2017 they cover the majority of European continent with 10 m and 100 m sampling for forest type and tree cover density, respectively. The maps were derived using the method described in https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431161.2018.1479788.The forest type map shows the dominant forest type class (coniferous, broadleaf). Tree cover density map shows the percentage of forest canopy cover within the 100 m pixel.Please be referred to our peer-reviewed article at https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030337 for details and accuracy assessment accross Europe.Dataset RecordThe forest type and tree cover density maps are sampled at 10 m and 100 m pixel spacing respectively, georeferenced to the Equi7Grid and divided into square tiles of 100km extent ("T1"-tiles). With this setup, the forest maps consist of 728 tiles over the European continent, with data volumes of 3.12 GB and 378.3 MB.The tiles' file-format is a LZW-compressed GeoTIFF holding 16-bit integer values, with tagged metadata on encoding and georeference. Compatibility with common geographic information systems as QGIS or ArcGIS, and geodata libraries as GDAL is given.In this repository, we provide each forest map as tiles, whereas two zipped dataset-collections are available for download below.Code AvailabilityFor the usage of the Equi7Grid we provide data and tools via the python package available on GitHub at https://github.com/TUW-GEO/Equi7Grid. More details on the grid reference can be found in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098300414001629.AcknowledgementsThe computational results presented have been achieved using the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC).

The International Hydrogeological Map of Europe, scale 1:1,500,000 is a series of general hydrogeological maps comprising 25 map sheets with explanatory notes, covering the whole European continent and parts of the Near East. The national contributions to this map series were compiled by hydrogeologists and experts in related sciences of the countries concerned under the auspices of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) and its Commission on Hydrogeological Maps (COHYM). The project is supported by the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW).The scientific editorial work is supported financially by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany through the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) and by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). These organizations are responsible for the cartography, printing and publication of the map sheets and explanatory notes.The series of hydrogeological maps seeks to represent the hydrogeological setting of Europe as a whole without regard to political boundaries. Together with the information presented in the accompanying explanatory notes, the map can be used for scientific purposes, for large-scale regional planning and as a basis for detailed hydrogeological mapping.

Spatial coverage index compiled by East View Geospatial of set "Germany 1:50,000 Scale Topographic Maps (M745)". Source data from DMG (publisher). Type: Topographic. Scale: 1:50,000. Region: Europe.

Most of the countries of Europe are encompassed in this land cover map, which provides dynamic access to data from the three layers of Corine Land Cover (1990, 2000 and 2006). Choose a layer for each of the two maps from the map legend pull-down menu (open and close from the triangular icons). Zoom into your area of interest and use the slider bar to see land cover changes.Data are available as 100 meter pixel raster images at small scales up to 1:800.000 and at higher scales as vectors. A seperate dataset and map showing only Corine Land Cover 2000-2006 changes is also available. CORINE Land Cover (CLC) is a geographic land cover/land use database encompassing most of the countries of Europe. In 1985 the Corine programme was initiated in the European Union. Corine means 'coordination of information on the environment' and it was a prototype project working on many different environmental issues. The Corine databases and several of its programmes have been taken over by the EEA. One of these is an inventory of land cover in 44 classes organised hierarchically in three levels, and presented as a cartographic product, at a scale of 1:100 000. The first level (5 classes) corresponds to the main categories of the land cover/land use (artificial areas, agricultural land, forests and semi-natural areas, wetlands, water surfaces). The second level (15 classes) covers physical and physiognomic entities at a higher level of detail (urban zones, forests, lakes, etc), finally level 3 is composed of 44 classes. CLC was elaborated based on the visual interpretation of satellite images (SPOT, LANDSAT TM and MSS). Ancillary data (aerial photographs, topographic or vegetation maps, statistics, local knowledge) were used to refine interpretation and the assignment of the territory into the categories of the CORINE Land Cover nomenclature. The smallest surfaces mapped (minimum mapping units) correspond to 25 hectares. Linear features less than 100 m in width are not considered. The scale of the output product was fixed at 1:100.000. Thus, the location precision of the CLC database is 100 m. This database is operationally available for most areas of Europe. Original inventories, based on and interpreted from satellite imagery as well as ancillary information sources, are stored within national institutions. One of the major tasks undertaken in the framework of the Corine programme has been the establishment of a computerised inventory on the land cover. Data on land cover is necessary for the environment policy as well as for other policies such as regional development and agriculture. At the same time it provides one of the basic inputs for the production of more complex information on other themes (soil erosion, pollutant emission into the air by the vegetation, etc.). The objectives of the land cover project are: - to provide those responsible for and interested in the European policy on the environment with quantitative data on land cover, consistent and comparable across Europe. Geographical coverage: Varies depending on layer:Corine Land Cover 1990 raster data - version 16 (04/2012)Corine Land Cover 2000 seamless vector data - version 16 (04/2012)Corine Land Cover 2006 seamless vector data - version 16 (04/2012)

Output of the 2021 EUSeaMap broad-scale predictive model, produced by EMODnet Seabed Habitats.

The extent of the mapped area includes the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, and areas of the North Eastern Atlantic extending from the Canary Islands in the south to the Barents Sea in the north.

The map was produced using a "top-down" modelling approach using classified habitat descriptors to determine a final output habitat.

Habitat descriptors differ per region but include: Biological zone Energy class Oxygen regime Salinity regime Seabed substrate Riverine input

Habitat descriptors (excepting Substrate) are calculated using underlying physical data and thresholds derived from statistical analyses or expert judgement on known conditions.

The model is produced using R and Arc Model Builder (10.1).

The model was created using raster input layers with a cell size of 0.00104dd (roughly 100 metres). The model includes the sublittoral zone only; due to the high variability of the littoral zone, a lack of detailed substrate data and the resolution of the model, it is difficult to predict littoral habitats at this scale.

EUSeaMap is classified into EUNIS 2019 level 3 (or more detailed levels where appropriate), EUNIS 2019 level 2 , EUNIS 2007-2011, the MSFD benthic broad habitat types, the HELCOM HUB classification in the Baltic, and the recently revised habitat classification in the Mediterranean. In the Black Sea, EUSeaMap is not classified into EUNIS 2007-2011 (due to inapplicability), but is classified according to a classification that was developed by EMODnet Seabed Habitats (Populus et a, 2017, and for a revised version Vasquez et al, 2020, See Online resources).

Reports that provide methods used for the classification of the predicted habitats into the new 2019 EUNIS classification, regional classifications, and MSFD BBHT (v.2017) are linked in Online Resources.

A report on the methods used in the 2021 version of EUSeaMap (Vasquez et al., 2021) and reports on previous versions (v2016 and V2019) are linked in Online Resources.

Credit: Licensed under CC-BY 4.0 from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet) Seabed Habitats initiative (www.emodnet-seabedhabitats.eu), funded by the European Commission.

The International Hydrogeological Map of Europe, scale 1:1,500,000 is a series of general hydrogeological maps comprising 25 map sheets with explanatory notes, covering the whole European continent and parts of the Near East. The national contributions to this map series were compiled by hydrogeologists and experts in related sciences of the countries concerned under the auspices of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) and its Commission on Hydrogeological Maps (COHYM). The project is supported by the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW).The scientific editorial work is supported financially by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany through the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) and by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). These organizations are responsible for the cartography, printing and publication of the map sheets and explanatory notes.The series of hydrogeological maps seeks to represent the hydrogeological setting of Europe as a whole without regard to political boundaries. Together with the information presented in the accompanying explanatory notes, the map can be used for scientific purposes, for large-scale regional planning and as a basis for detailed hydrogeological mapping.

The International Hydrogeological Map of Europe, scale 1:1,500,000 is a series of general hydrogeological maps comprising 25 map sheets with explanatory notes, covering the whole European continent and parts of the Near East. The national contributions to this map series were compiled by hydrogeologists and experts in related sciences of the countries concerned under the auspices of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) and its Commission on Hydrogeological Maps (COHYM). The project is supported by the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW).The scientific editorial work is supported financially by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany through the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) and by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). These organizations are responsible for the cartography, printing and publication of the map sheets and explanatory notes.The series of hydrogeological maps seeks to represent the hydrogeological setting of Europe as a whole without regard to political boundaries. Together with the information presented in the accompanying explanatory notes, the map can be used for scientific purposes, for large-scale regional planning and as a basis for detailed hydrogeological mapping.

Reference values from [18] are provided in the top row, mean and standard deviation (St. Dev.) across all Urban Atlas cities are provided on top of the individual city listings.

We present the crop diversity change maps in European Union (EU-27) at six observational scales from 1 to 50 km. We use novel high-resolution (10 m) satellite-derived data to map the multi-scale spatial changes of crop diversity in Europe between 2018 and 2022.

This map service provides dynamic access to data from the Corine Land Cover 2006 inventory. Data are available as 100 meter pixel raster images at small scales up to 1:800.000 and at higher scales as vectors. CORINE Land Cover (CLC) is a geographic land cover/land use database encompassing most of the countries of Europe. In 1985 the Corine programme was initiated in the European Union. Corine means 'coordination of information on the environment' and it was a prototype project working on many different environmental issues. The Corine databases and several of its programme have been taken over by the EEA. One of these is an inventory of land cover in 44 classes organised hierarchically in three levels, and presented as a cartographic product, at a scale of 1:100 000. The first level (5 classes) corresponds to the main categories of the land cover/land use (artificial areas, agricultural land, forests and semi-natural areas, wetlands, water surfaces). The second level (15 classes) covers physical and physiognomic entities at a higher level of detail (urban zones, forests, lakes, etc), finally level 3 is composed of 44 classes. CLC was elaborated based on the visual interpretation of satellite images (SPOT, LANDSAT TM and MSS). Ancillary data (aerial photographs, topographic or vegetation maps, statistics, local knowledge) were used to refine interpretation and the assignment of the territory into the categories of the CORINE Land Cover nomenclature. The smallest surfaces mapped (minimum mapping units) correspond to 25 hectares. Linear features less than 100 m in width are not considered. The scale of the output product was fixed at 1:100.000. Thus, the location precision of the CLC database is 100 m. This database is operationally available for most areas of Europe. Original inventories, based on and interpreted from satellite imagery as well as ancillary information sources, are stored within national institutions. One of the major tasks undertaken in the framework of the Corine programme has been the establishment of a computerised inventory on the land cover. Data on land cover is necessary for the environment policy as well as for other policies such as regional development and agriculture. At the same time it provides one of the basic inputs for the production of more complex information on other themes (soil erosion, pollutant emission into the air by the vegetation, etc.). The objectives of the land cover project are: - to provide those responsible for and interested in the European policy on the environment with quantitative data on land cover, consistent and comparable across Europe. Geographic coverage: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia the former Yugoslavian Republic of, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom Corine Land Cover 2006 seamless vector data - version 16 (04/2012) can be accessed here: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/clc-2006-vector-data-version-2

The IGME5000-DE (INSPIRE) represents the pre-quaternary bedrock geology (section of Germany) of the European map on a scale of 1:5,000,000. According to the Data Specification on Geology (D2.8.II.4_v3.0) the content of the geological map is stored in two INSPIRE-compliant GML files: IGME5000-DE_GeologicUnit.gml contains the geologic units and IGME5000-DE_GeologicStructure.gml comprises the faults. The GML files together with a Readme.txt file are provided in ZIP format (IGME5000-DE-INSPIRE.zip). The Readme.text file (German/English) contains detailed information on the GML files content. Data transformation was proceeded by using the INSPIRE Solution Pack for FME according to the INSPIRE requirements.

The map presents a simplified image of the surface geological structure of Poland at a scale of 1:1,000,000. It includes the following thematic layers: Geological units, Tectonics, Glaciation ranges and basic topographic layers (administrative boundaries, rivers, localities). The map was created for the needs of OneGeology-Europe.

Subdataset representing the Italian seabed habitats from 2023 EUSeaMap broad-scale predictive model, produced by EMODnet Seabed Habitats.The map was produced using a "top-down" modelling approach using classified habitat descriptors to determine a final output habitat. Habitat descriptors differ per region but include: Biological zone Energy class Oxygen regime Salinity regime Seabed substrate Riverine input Habitat descriptors (excepting Substrate) are calculated using underlying physical data and thresholds derived from statistical analyses or expert judgement on known conditions. The model is produced using R and Arc Model Builder (10.1). The model was created using raster input layers with a cell size of 0.00104dd (roughly 100 metres). The model includes the sublittoral zone only; due to the high variability of the littoral zone, a lack of detailed substrate data and the resolution of the model, it is difficult to predict littoral habitats at this scale. EUSeaMap is classified into EUNIS 2019 level 3 (or more detailed levels where appropriate), EUNIS 2019 level 2 , EUNIS 2007-2011, the MSFD benthic broad habitat types, the HELCOM HUB classification in the Baltic, and the recently revised habitat classification in the Mediterranean. In the Black Sea, EUSeaMap is not classified into EUNIS 2007-2011 (due to inapplicability), but is classified according to a classification that was developed by EMODnet Seabed Habitats (Populus et a, 2017, and for a revised version Vasquez et al, 2020, See Online resources).

The map is made available in GPKG format (the filename is "full_geo_lim_3035.gpkg" - QGIS and other Open Source GIS can deal with this format) Along with the map, we provide: 1) the original national geological maps of Germany, Italy, Slovenia, France, Switzerland and Austria, used for creating the map (folder "original_maps" in the "scripts" folder); 2) a script ("build_geo_lim.sh" in the "scripts" folder) that can be used to replicate the classification and the union of the original maps. The script was tested in a Ubuntu 16.04 environment where GRASS GIS 7.4 is installed. In order to run the script, the following command must be executed inside the "scripts" folder: grass74 -c datagrass/geo_lim/geo_lim/ --exec bash build_geo_lim.sh The "sql" folder contains the rules (exploited by the main "build_geo_lim.sh" script) for the classification of the geological formations into lithological units. Users can conveniently change those rules in order to change the final classification. For the elaboration of the GIS-based simplified geo-lithological map (Geo-LiM), we took advantage of the geological layers, in vector format, extracted from (i) the geological map of Italy at 1:500,000 scale (http://www.isprambiente.gov.it), (ii) the geological map of Switzerland at 1:500,000 scale (http://www.swisstopo.admin.ch), (iii) the geological map of Germany at 1:1,000,000 scale (Geologische Karte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1:1,000,000, BGR, Hannover.), (iv) the geological map of Austria at 1:500,000 scale (www.geologie.ac.at), (v) the geological map of France at 1:1,000,000 scale, and (vi) the geological map of Slovenia at 1:250,000 scale. These two last maps were obtained from the European Geological Data Infrastructure (EGDI - http://www.europe-geology.eu/metadata/). The six maps are released in ESRI shapefile, having different coordinate reference systems and different accuracy and information quality. The layers of France, Germany and Slovenia contained some topological errors (e.g. gaps between polygon borders, overlapping polygon borders, etc...) and were corrected removing duplicate boundaries and areas smaller than, respectively, 1 square meter, 600 square meters and 50 square meters (the longest boundary with adjacent area was removed). M. Donnini was supported by a grant of the Fondazione Assicurazioni Generali, and A. Zucchini was partially supported by the research projects of Paola Comodi, Francesco Frondini e Diego Perugini of the Department of Physics and Geology of the University of Perugia. We introduce a new geo-lithological map of Central Europe (Geo-LiM) elaborated adopting a lithological classification compliant to the methods more used in the litterature for estimating the consumption of atmospheric CO2 due by chemical weathering. Geo-LiM represents a novelty if compared with published global geo-lithological maps. The first novelty is due by the attention paid in discriminating metamorphic rocks that were classified according to the chemistry of protoliths. The second novelty is that the procedure used for the definition of the map is made available on the web to allow the replicability and reproducibility of the product. Donnini, M., Marchesini, I., & Zucchini, A. (2020). Geo-LiM: a new geo-lithological map for Central Europe (Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, and Northern Italy) as a tool for the estimation of atmospheric CO2 consumption. Journal of Maps, 16(2), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1692082 Donnini, M., Marchesini, I., & Zucchini, A. (2020). A new Alpine geo-lithological map (Alpine-Geo-LiM) and global carbon cycle implications. GSA Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1130/B35236.1 {"references": ["Donnini, M., Marchesini, I., & Zucchini, A. (2020). Geo-LiM: a new geo-lithological map for Central Europe (Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, and Northern Italy) as a tool for the estimation of atmospheric CO2 consumption. Journal of Maps, 16(2), 43\u201355. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1692082", "Donnini, M., Marchesini, I., & Zucchini, A. (2020). A new Alpine geo-lithological map (Alpine-Geo-LiM) and global carbon cycle implications. GSA Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1130/B35236.1"]}