Germany led Europe in renewable energy consumption, with *****exajoules consumed in 2024, up from *****exajoules in 2015. *******and *******************followed as the second and third-largest consumers, highlighting a broader trend of increased renewable energy use across the continent. Renewable energy production and capacity Germany's dominance in renewable energy consumption is mirrored in its production and capacity figures. In 2023, Germany's renewable energy production amounted to approximately *** terawatt-hours, far surpassing other European nations. The country also boasted the largest installed renewable energy capacity in Europe, with almost ****gigawatts as of 2024. This substantial capacity allows Germany to meet its high renewable energy consumption needs and contributes to its leadership in the sector. European renewable energy landscape The broader European renewable energy landscape shows a promising growth. Total renewable energy consumption in Europe reached about ** exajoules in 2023, marking a nine percent increase from the previous year. Wind power has emerged as the primary renewable source in the European Union's electricity mix since 2017, accounting for over ** percent of the EU's renewable mix in 2023.

As of February 2025, several countries across the European Union had established ambitious renewable power targets. Estonia and Denmark plan to achieve almost *** percent renewable electricity generation by 2030. In contrast, Poland's renewable energy targets for that year were just over ** percent. According to the EU Renewable Energy Directive, countries in the European Union must reach a share of at least **** percent of renewables in their total energy consumption, although the directive encourages to aim for ** percent. Renewable energy pipeline in Europe The further deployment of renewable technologies in the region is essential to achieve these targets. As of February 2025, prospective wind energy projects in Europe’s renewable pipeline amounted to more than *** gigawatts, although from this, only ** megawatts were already in the construction stage. Northern Europe accounted for most of the wind energy planned capacity in the region. Regarding solar, Europe had a utility-scale prospective capacity of *** gigawatts, with Southern Europe accounting for most of planned installations.
Europe’s wind and solar outlook In the next years, wind and solar installations are forecast to more than double in the European Union. It is estimated that in 2030, the region’s solar capacity will amount to some *** gigawatts, growing from the *** gigawatts operating at the end of 2023. For wind, forecasts point to an installed capacity of roughly *** gigawatts by 2030. Approximately ** percent of this capacity will correspond to offshore installations.

This table expresses the use of renewable energy as gross final consumption of energy. Figures are presented in an absolute way, as well as related to the total energy use in the Netherlands. The total gross final energy consumption in the Netherlands (the denominator used to calculate the percentage of renewable energy per ‘Energy sources and techniques’) can be found in the table as ‘Total, including non-renewables’ and Energy application ‘Total’. The gross final energy consumption for the energy applications ‘Electricity’ and ‘Heat’ are also available. With these figures the percentages of the different energy sources and applications can be calculated; these values are not available in this table. The gross final energy consumption for ‘Transport’ is not available because of the complexity to calculate this. More information on this can be found in the yearly publication ‘Hernieuwbare energie in Nederland’.

Renewable energy is energy from wind, hydro power, the sun, the earth, heat from outdoor air and biomass. This is energy from natural processes that is replenished constantly.

The figures are broken down into energy source/technique and into energy application (electricity, heat and transport).

This table focuses on the share of renewable energy according to the EU Renewable Energy Directive. Under this directive, countries can apply an administrative transfer by purchasing renewable energy from countries that have consumed more renewable energy than the agreed target. For 2020, the Netherlands has implemented such a transfer by purchasing renewable energy from Denmark. This transfer has been made visible in this table as a separate energy source/technique and two totals are included; a total with statistical transfer and a total without statistical transfer.

Figures for 2020 and before were calculated based on RED I; in accordance with Eurostat these figures will not be modified anymore. Inconsistencies with other tables undergoing updates may occur.

Data available from: 1990

Status of the figures: This table contains definite figures up to and including 2023, figures for 2024 are revised provisional.

Changes as of November 2025: Figures have been revised from 2021 – 2022 and updated for 2023 -2024 The revision concerns improved data on (bio)diesel oil consumption by mobile equipment in the construction and services sectors. This results in a shift of biodiesel consumption in energy application transport to energy application heating and cooling. These changes amount to a few PJ.

Changes as of July 2025: Compiling figures on solar electricity took more time than scheduled. Consequently, not all StatLine tables on energy contain the most recent 2024 data on production for solar electricity. This table contains the outdated data from June 2025. The most recent figures are 5 percent higher for 2024 solar electricity production. These figures are in these two tables (in Dutch): - StatLine - Zonnestroom; vermogen en vermogensklasse, bedrijven en woningen, regio - StatLine - Hernieuwbare energie; zonnestroom, windenergie, RES-regio Next update is scheduled in November 2025. From that moment all figures will be fully consistent again. We apologize for the inconvenience.

Changes as of june 2025: Figures for 2024 have been added.

Changes as of January 2025 Renewable cooling has been added as Energy source and technique from 2021 onwards, in accordance with RED II. Figures for 2020 and earlier follow RED I definitions, renewable cooling isn’t a part of these definitions.
The energy application “Heat” has been renamed to “Heating and cooling”, in accordance with RED II definitions. RED II is the current Renewable Energy Directive which entered into force in 2021

Changes as of November 15th 2024 Figures for 2021-2023 have been adjusted. 2022 is now definitive, 2023 stays revised provisional. Because of new insights for windmills regarding own electricity use and capacity, figures on 2021 have been revised.

Changes as of March 2024: Figures of the total energy applications of biogas, co-digestion of manure and other biogas have been restored for 2021 and 2022. The final energy consumption of non-compliant biogas (according to RED II) was wrongly included in the total final consumption of these types of biogas. Figures of total biogas, total biomass and total renewable energy were not influenced by this and therefore not adjusted.

When will new figures be published? Provisional figures on the gross final consumption of renewable energy in broad outlines for the previous year are published each year in June. Revised provisional figures for the previous year appear each year in June.

The indicator measures the energy end-use in a country excluding all non-energy use of energy carriers (e.g. natural gas used not for combustion but for producing chemicals). “Final energy consumption” only covers the energy consumed by end users, such as industry, transport, households, services and agriculture; it excludes energy consumption of the energy sector itself and losses occurring during transformation and distribution of energy.

The dataset contains following columns: DATAFLOW: This column indicate the direction or type of data flow, such as imports, exports, production, consumption, etc.

In this case, the value "ESTAT:SDG_07_11 (1.0)" in the DATAFLOW column seems to be a specific code or identifier that represents the type of data flow or category of data within the dataset. Let's break down the components of this value:

1. ESTAT: This part of the value could be an abbreviation or code that indicates the source or organization providing the data. In this case, it might refer to Eurostat, which is the statistical office of the European Union.

2. SDG_07_11: This part of the value could be a reference to a specific Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) related to energy, such as Goal 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and Target 7.11, which focuses on increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix.

3. (1.0): This part of the value could be a version number or identifier associated with the specific data flow or dataset. It might indicate a particular version or iteration of the data related to this specific category.

Overall, the value "ESTAT:SDG_07_11 (1.0)" likely represents a specific data flow category related to Sustainable Development Goal 7.11 on renewable energy, possibly sourced from Eurostat. Understanding these identifiers can help you categorize and analyze the data more effectively within the context of energy consumption and sustainable development goals.

LAST UPDATE: This column contains the date when the data was last updated or modified.

freq: This column indicate the frequency of data collection or reporting, such as daily, monthly, quarterly, etc. It provides information on the time intervals at which the data is recorded.

unit: This column specifies the unit of measurement for the data values in the dataset. for example I05 refers to 10^5

geo: This column represents the geographical location or region associated with the data. The values like AL (Albania), AT (Austria), etc., indicate different countries or regions.

TIME_PERIOD:This column contain information about the time period to which the data corresponds, such as years in this case.

OBS_VALUE: This column contains the observed or recorded values related to energy consumption. It represents the actual numerical data points in the dataset.

This dataset covers the indicator for monitoring progress towards renewable energy targets of the Europe 2020 strategy implemented by Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (RED I) and the Fit for 55 strategy uner the Green Deal implemented by Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (RED II).

Data until 2020 are calculated on the basis of RED I, while data for 2021 follow RED II. Due to the change of legal basis, a break in series occurs between 2020 and 2021. Readers are encouraged to analyse the differences between both Directives (RED I and RED II), the energy sector and all national specificities before drawing any conclusions from the comparison of year 2021 with previous time series. The SHARES Manual provides details on the methodology used for the calculation of the share of renewables.

Hydro is normalised (averaged over a number of years to smooth out the effects of climatic variation) and excluding pumping. Wind is also normalised (and from 2021 onwards as per RED II separately for on-shore and off-shore). Solar includes solar photovoltaics and solar thermal power generation. All other renewables include electricity generation from gaseous and liquid biofuels, renewable municipal waste, geothermal, and tide, wave & ocean. Only electricity produced from compliant liquid biofuels can be accounted. For 2021 onwards (as per RED II), also solid and gaseous biofuels combusted in installations above a certain threshold need to comply with sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria. Renewable energy sources used for heating and cooling include solar thermal, geothermal energy, ambient heat captured by heat pumps for heating (and from 2021 onwards, renewable cooling, as per RED II), solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels, and the renewable part of waste. Only heat produced from compliant liquid biofuels can be accounted for. From 2021 onwards (as per RED II), solid and gaseous biofuels combusted in installations above a certain threshold need to comply with sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria. RED II modifies the multipliers for the use of renewable electricity in different means of transport.

The calculation is based on data collected in the framework of Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics and complemented by specific supplementary data transmitted by national administrations to Eurostat.

In some countries the statistical systems are not yet fully developed to meet all requirements of RED I or RED II, in particular with respect to ambient heat captured from the environment by heat pumps, renewable cooling or sustainability of solid and gaseous biofuels.

This is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator. It has been chosen for the assessment of the progress towards the objectives and targets of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy. The data collection covers the full spectrum of the Member States of the European Union. Time series starts in the year 2004.

The share of energy from renewable sources is calculated for four indicators:

• Transport (RES-T)
• Heating and Cooling (RES-H&C)
• Electricity (RES-E)
• Overall RES share (RES)

More details are available in the SHARES tool manual. In addition, more information (like detailed calculations used to obtain the results) are available in the Excel and zip file in the SHARES section.

In particular, for RES-E it is possible to obtain results higher than 100%. This is due to the definition of the calculation, where the numerator ‘gross final consumption of electricity from renewable sources’ is defined as the gross electricity production from renewable sources. The denominator ‘gross final consumption of electricity’ is, for the purpose of the calculations in the SHARES tool, defined as gross electricity production from all energy sources plus total imports of electricity minus total exports of electricity. Therefore, if a country produces more electricity from renewable sources than total electricity it consumes, the RES-E ratio would be higher than 100% (e.g. Norway).

Renewable energy consumption in the European Union amounted to *****exajoules in 2024, an increase of roughly ******percent in comparison to the previous year. Between 1998 and 2024, the consumption of renewables in the region grew by *****exajoules, peaking in the latter year. The increasing share of renewables in gross final energy consumption, which reached **** percent in 2023, illustrates the European Union's progress in transitioning to sustainable energy sources.
Renewable energy sources in Europe The growth in renewable energy consumption across Europe is fueled by a diverse mix of sources. Wind power emerged as the primary renewable source in the European Union’s electricity mix in 2017 when it surpassed hydropower production. In 2023, wind power accounted for almost ** percent of the region’s renewable generation, while hydropower and solar energy held shares of ** and ** percent, respectively. In total, The European Union produced some *** petawatt-hours of renewable electricity in 2023. Europe’s renewable capacity As of the end of 2024, Europe's total renewable energy capacity stood at almost *** gigawatts, an increase of almost ** percent from the previous year. Germany stands at the forefront of Europe's renewable energy landscape, boasting the highest installed capacity at nearly *** gigawatts as of 2024. Spain and France follow with **** and **** gigawatts of installed renewable capacity, respectively.

The Market Report Covers European Renewable Energy Companies and is Segmented by Type (Hydropower, Solar, Wind, and Others) and Geography (Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, France, and Rest of Europe).

The Europe Renewable Energy Market size was valued at USD 120 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 225 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 8.1% from 2025 to 2032.

Strong Government Support and Policy Framework: The European Union’s Green Deal and Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) aim to increase renewable energy’s share in the EU’s total energy consumption to 32% by 2030. Renewable energy accounted for 22% of total EU energy consumption in 2020.

Technological Advancements and Cost Reduction: Renewable energy generation, particularly wind and solar power, has seen significant cost reductions over the past decade. Since 2010, solar photovoltaics and onshore wind electricity costs have dropped by 82% and 39%, respectively, according to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This makes renewable energy more competitive with traditional fossil fuels, making it easier for European countries to transition to cleaner energy sources.

The indicator measures the share of renewable energy consumption in gross final energy consumption according to the Renewable Energy Directive. The gross final energy consumption is the energy used by end-consumers (final energy consumption) plus grid losses and self-consumption of power plants.

Historical dataset showing European Union renewable energy by year from 1990 to 2021.

Energy generation and consumption data of year 2022. The data is for EU countries and UK.

In the "2022-2023" folder, the data is splitted into country wise. The time-series data of hourly granularity extracted from the ENTSO-E Transparency portal. This data includes: 1. Electricity consumption (load) 2. Wind energy generation 3. Solar energy generation 4. Other green energy generation

These features are provided for each of the mentioned countries and are aggregated at different intervals (15 min, 30 min, or 1h), depending on the country.

In the "2022-2023-hourly" folder, the data resampled to an hourly level. For example, data at a 15-minute resolution should be aggregated into 1-hour intervals by summing every 4 consecutive rows.

The "gen_2022_daily.csv" file contains the processed data from the raw time-series data of the "2022-2023" folder. This file contains only daily energy generation data of different countries by different generation types.

The "gen_2022_monthly.csv" file contains the processed data from the raw time-series data of the "2022-2023" folder. This file contains only monthly energy generation data of different countries by different generation types.

Column Description of "gen_2022_daily.csv" and "gen_2022_monthly.csv" files:

StartTime: The start time of energy generation, for daily file, this is the start hour of 24 hour's day. For monthly file, this is the 1st day of the month.

EndTime: The end time of energy generation, for daily file, this is the end hour of 24 hour's day. For monthly file, this is the last day of the month.

PsrType: This is the energy generation type, there are 9 types of green energy generation, they are: 1. B01 = Biomass 2. B09 = Geothermal 3. B10 = Hydro Pumped Storage 4. B11 = Hydro Run-of-river and poundage 5. B12 = Hydro Water Reservoir 6. B13 = Marine 7. B15 = Other renewable 8. B16 = Solar 9. B18 = Wind Offshore 10. B19 = Wind Onshore

GenType Energy generation type which is one level up of the PsrType. 1. B18 and B19 = Wind 2. B16 = Solar 3. B10, B11, B12, B13 = Water 4. B01, B09, B15 = Other

AreaID: the areas of the energy generation.

Country: CountryID: 1. SP: 0, # Spain 2. UK: 1, # United Kingdom 3. DE: 2, # Germany 4. DK: 3, # Denmark 5. HU: 5, # Hungary 6. SE: 4, # Sweden 7. IT: 6, # Italy 8. PO: 7, # Poland 9. NL: 8 # Netherlands

quantity: the generated energy in MAW(Magnetostrictive Amorphous Wire)

Notebooks about Data Ingestion: https://www.kaggle.com/code/mahbuburrahman2020/se-europe-data-challenge-data-ingestion

Notebooks about Data Processing: https://www.kaggle.com/code/mahbuburrahman2020/se-europe-data-challenge-data-processing

East Europe Renewable Energy Market is segmented by Type (Hydropower, Solar, and Others) and Geography (Russia, Poland, Ukraine, and Others). The report offers the market size and forecasts in installed capacity (GW).

This bar chart displays renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) by region using the aggregation average in Europe. The data is about countries.

The European Union's renewable energy generation capacity reached over *** gigawatts in 2023. The share of renewables in the EU's electricity sector was **** percent in 2022.

This horizontal bar chart displays renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) by democracy type using the aggregation average in Europe. The data is about countries.

The product has been discontinued since: 08 Feb 2018.

This indicator is calculated on the basis of data covered by Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics. Reporting countries provide additional information on renewable source not covered by the Regulation. The contribution of compliant biofuels is included only as of year 2011 and only for countries that confirmed full compliance with Article 17 “Sustainability criteria for biofuels and bioliquids” and Article 18 “Verification of compliance with the sustainability criteria for biofuels and bioliquids” of Directive 2009/28/EC – only quantities of biofuels that are compliant (sustainable) are counted towards the indicator. In period 2004-2010 all biofuels are counted towards the numerator of the share of renewable energy in fuel consumption of transport. All calculation provisions of Article 3(4) apply as well. More information about the renewable energy shares calculation methodology can be found on the Eurostat website. More information on renewable energies can be found on the DG Energy website.

The Report Covers the Top Renewable Energy Companies in North Europe and the market is segmented by Type (Wind, Hydro, Solar, and Others) and Geography (Sweden, Norway, UK, and the Rest of North Europe). The market size and forecasts are provided in installed capacity (GW).

The indicator is calculated as required by Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of energy from renewable energy sources. The data are collected from EU Member States national renewable energy action plans (NREAPs) as an obligation of Article 4 of the Directive 2009/28/EC. The share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption is calculated for electricity sector

Sector coverage: The indicator covers renewable electricity share - res-e (%)

This dataset covers the indicator for monitoring progress towards renewable energy targets of the Europe 2020 strategy implemented by Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (RED I) and the Fit for 55 strategy uner the Green Deal implemented by Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (RED II).

Data until 2020 are calculated on the basis of RED I, while data for 2021 follow RED II. Due to the change of legal basis, a break in series occurs between 2020 and 2021. Readers are encouraged to analyse the differences between both Directives (RED I and RED II), the energy sector and all national specificities before drawing any conclusions from the comparison of year 2021 with previous time series. The SHARES Manual provides details on the methodology used for the calculation of the share of renewables.

Hydro is normalised (averaged over a number of years to smooth out the effects of climatic variation) and excluding pumping. Wind is also normalised (and from 2021 onwards as per RED II separately for on-shore and off-shore). Solar includes solar photovoltaics and solar thermal power generation. All other renewables include electricity generation from gaseous and liquid biofuels, renewable municipal waste, geothermal, and tide, wave & ocean. Only electricity produced from compliant liquid biofuels can be accounted. For 2021 onwards (as per RED II), also solid and gaseous biofuels combusted in installations above a certain threshold need to comply with sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria. Renewable energy sources used for heating and cooling include solar thermal, geothermal energy, ambient heat captured by heat pumps for heating (and from 2021 onwards, renewable cooling, as per RED II), solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels, and the renewable part of waste. Only heat produced from compliant liquid biofuels can be accounted for. From 2021 onwards (as per RED II), solid and gaseous biofuels combusted in installations above a certain threshold need to comply with sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria. RED II modifies the multipliers for the use of renewable electricity in different means of transport.

The calculation is based on data collected in the framework of Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics and complemented by specific supplementary data transmitted by national administrations to Eurostat.

In some countries the statistical systems are not yet fully developed to meet all requirements of RED I or RED II, in particular with respect to ambient heat captured from the environment by heat pumps, renewable cooling or sustainability of solid and gaseous biofuels.

This is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator. It has been chosen for the assessment of the progress towards the objectives and targets of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy. The data collection covers the full spectrum of the Member States of the European Union. Time series starts in the year 2004.

The share of energy from renewable sources is calculated for four indicators:

• Transport (RES-T)
• Heating and Cooling (RES-H&C)
• Electricity (RES-E)
• Overall RES share (RES)

More details are available in the SHARES tool manual. In addition, more information (like detailed calculations used to obtain the results) are available in the Excel and zip file in the SHARES section.

In particular, for RES-E it is possible to obtain results higher than 100%. This is due to the definition of the calculation, where the numerator ‘gross final consumption of electricity from renewable sources’ is defined as the gross electricity production from renewable sources. The denominator ‘gross final consumption of electricity’ is, for the purpose of the calculations in the SHARES tool, defined as gross electricity production from all energy sources plus total imports of electricity minus total exports of electricity. Therefore, if a country produces more electricity from renewable sources than total electricity it consumes, the RES-E ratio would be higher than 100% (e.g. Norway).

(1) Output of the Renewable Energy Model (REM) as described in Insights into weather-driven extremes in Europe’s resources for renewable energy (Ho and Fiedler, 2024), last modification on 30.10.2023 from Linh Ho, named year_PV_wind_generation_v2.nc, with 23 years from 1995 to 2017. REM includes one simulation of photovoltaic (PV) power production and one simulation of wind power production across European domain, with a horizontal resolution of 48 km, hourly output for the period 1995--2017.

The output has a European domain with the same size as in the reanalysis dataset COSMO-REA6. This is a rotated grid with the coordinates of the rotated North Pole −162.0, 39.25, and of the lower left corner −23.375, −28.375. See Bollmeyer et al. (2014, http://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2486). Data downloaded from https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/REA/COSMO_REA6/

(2) Weather pattern classification daily for Europe from 1995 to April 2020, named EGWL_LegacyGWL.txt, from James (2007, http://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-006-0239-3)

(3) The installation data of PV and wind power in Europe for one scenario in 2050 from the CLIMIX model, processed to have the same horizontal resolution as in REM, named installed_capacity_PV_wind_power_from_CLIMIX_final.nc. Original data were provided at 0.11 degree resolution, acquired from personal communication with the author from Jerez et al. (2015, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.041)

(4) Python scripts of REM, including: - model_PV_wind_complete_v2.py: the main script to produce REM output - model_PV_wind_potential_v2.py: produce potential (capacity factor) of PV and wind power for model evaluations, e.g., against CDS and Renewables Ninja data, as descript in Ho and Fiedler (2024) - model_PV_wind_complete_v1_ONLYyear2000.py: a separate Python script to produce REM output only for the year 2000. Note that the data for 2000 from COSMO-REA6 were read in a different approach (using cfgrib) probably due to the time stamp changes at the beginning of the milenium, also explains the larger size of the final output - utils_LH_archive_Oct2022.py: contains necessary Python functions to run the other scripts

(5) Jupyter notebook files to reproduce the figures in Ho and Fiedler (2024), named Paper1_Fig*_**.ipynb

(6) Time series of European-aggregated PV and wind power production hourly during the period 1995--2017, processed data from the dataset (1) to facilitate the reproduction of the figures, including two installations scale-2019 and scenario-2050: - Timeseries_all_hourly_1995_2017_GW_scale2019.csv - Timeseries_all_hourly_1995_2017_GW_scen2050.csv