In the year 1500, the share of Western Europe's population living in urban areas was just six percent, but this rose to 31 percent by the end of the 19th century. Despite this drastic change, development was quite slow between 1500 and 1800, and it was not until the industrial revolution when there was a spike in urbanization. As Britain was the first region to undergo the industrial revolution, from around the 1760s until the 1840s, these areas were the most urbanized in Europe by 1890. The Low Countries Prior to the 19th century, Belgium and the Netherlands had been the most urbanized regions due to the legacy of their proto-industrial areas in the medieval period, and then the growth of their port cities during the Netherlands' empirical expansion (Belgium was a part of the Netherlands until the 1830s). Belgium was also quick to industrialize in the 1800s, and saw faster development than its larger, more economically powerful neighbors, France and Germany. Least-urban areas Ireland was the only Western European region with virtually no urbanization in the 16th and 17th century, but the industrial growth of Belfast and Dublin (then major port cities of the British Empire) saw this change by the late-1800s. The region of Scandinavia was the least-urbanized area in Western Europe by 1890, but it saw rapid economic growth in Europe during the first half of the following century.

This graph shows the distribution between urban and rural population in countries within the European Union in 2014. In this year around 57.2 percent of the United Kingdom's population were living in cities.

More than half of the world's built-up urban areas with a population of 500,000 or more were located in Asia in 2023. Europe, North America, and Europe had between ** and ** percent of the urban areas with more than 500,000 inhabitants.

This data set contains the population of Southern Europe.

Southern Europe countries include : Serbia Holy See Andorra Montenegro Italy Spain Malta Croatia San Marino Gibraltar Bosnia and Herzegovina Albania North Macedonia Slovenia Greece Portugal

Dataset details: Year: Year is from 1955 to 2020 Population: Count of Southern Europe country's population Yearly % Change: Percentage of yearly change in population Yearly Change: Count of yearly change in population Migrants (net): Number of Migrants per year Median Age: Median Age of the population Fertility Rate: Fertility Rate of the population Density: Population Density is in (P/Km²) Urban Pop%: percentage of Urban Population% Urban Pop: Count of Urban Population count Southern Europe's - Share of World Pop: Percentage of share of Southern Europe's the world population World Population: Count of the world population

In 2022, less than *** percent of the European Union's urban population were exposed to concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) above EU air quality standards. However, EU air quality standards are much less strict than those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). When WHO guidelines are taken into account, almost 100 percent of the EU's urban population were exposed to levels of PM2.5 that are damaging to health.

It is estimated that, between the 14th and 19th centuries, fewer than 10 percent of Europe's population lived in urban areas with a population of more than 10,000 people, and fewer than 13 percent lived in urban areas with more than 5,000 people. The two given sources use different methodologies* for their estimates, which gives varying but comparable estimates for urbanization rates across Europe. Perhaps surprisingly, Bairoch estimates that the urbanization rate increased during the 14th century, a period where Europe's population fell by 25-33 percent due to the Black Death. From the 19th century onwards, urbanization in Europe rose significantly due to the rise of industrialization and increased agricultural efficiency.

Until 2007, the share of the global population living in urban areas was always smaller than the rural population, but in 2021, the world's level of urbanization has risen to around 56 percent, and by 2050, it is estimated that two thirds of the world will live in urban areas. Urbanization on such a large scale is a relatively new phenomenon, and has a strong correlation with the industrial maturity of a society. For most of pre-industrial times, fewer than five percent of the total population lived in urban centers, which were generally trading and administrative centers. The main reason for this was the agricultural demands of the time, where subsistence farming was the primary method of food production for the general population. Compared to Japan and China, a larger share of Western Europe lived in urban centers in the 16th century, due to higher levels of trade along the Mediterranean and between northern states, but around 94 percent of the population still lived in a rural setting. Effect of industrialization With the onset of the first industrial revolution in the 19th century, the mechanization of agriculture and development of manufacturing industries saw a shift in labor demands in Western Europe. People began migrating to cities on a large scale, and migration to the U.S. also increased due to industrialization in the northeastern states. Urban populations then became more prosperous, although mortality rates were initially higher due to the more rapid spread of disease and poor sanitation infrastructure. This mortality also disproportionately affected children and more recent arrivals. Global trends Waves of industrialization in Europe saw further urbanization throughout the 1800s, and roughly a third of the population had urbanized by the end of the 19th century. Globally, it would take until the 1960s before one third of the population had urbanized, and it was not until the late 1990s where China's urbanization rate had reached this level. However, China's urbanization rate has grown rapidly since the 1980s, and is now around 80 percent of the EU's level, whereas it was closer to 50 percent just two decades previously. Japan's urbanization rate was comparable to Europe's for most of the 20th century, but increased further throughout the 2010s; today it has one of the highest rates among more developed nations, although this has presented some challenges for Japanese society.

It is estimated that Europe had an urbanization rate of approximately 8.5 percent in the year 1800. The Netherlands and Belgium were some of the most heavily urbanized regions, due the growth of port cities such as Rotterdam and Antwerp during Netherlands' empirical expansion, and the legacy of urbanization in the region, which stems from its wool and craft industries in medieval times. Additionally, the decline of their agricultural sectors and smaller territories contributed to a lower rural population. Scotland and England had also become more urban throughout the British Empire's growth, although the agricultural revolution of the previous two centuries, along with the first industrial revolution, then led to more rapid urbanization during the 19th century. In contrast, there was a large imbalance between the east and west of the continent; the two largest empires, Austria and Russia, had the lowest levels of urbanization in Europe in 1800, due to their vast territories, lower maritime presence, and lack of industrial development.

The Global Urban Polygons and Points Dataset (GUPPD), Version 1 is a global data set of 123,034 urban settlements with place names and population for the years 1975-2030 in five-year increments. The data set builds on and expands the European Commission, Joint Research Centre's (JRC) 2015 Global Human Settlement (GHS) Urban Centre Database (UCDB). The JRC Settlement Model (GHS-SMOD) data set includes a hierarchy of urban settlements, from urban centre (level 30), to dense urban cluster (level 23), to semi-dense urban cluster (level 22). The UCDB only includes level 30, whereas the GUPPDv1 adds levels 23 and 22, and uses open data sources to both check and validate the names that JRC assigned to its UCDB polygons and to label the newly added settlements. The methodology described in the documentation was able to consistently label a greater percentage of UCDB polygons than were previously labeled by JRC.

2007 marked the first year where more of the world's population lived in an urban setting than a rural setting. In 1960, roughly a third of the world lived in an urban setting; it is expected that this figure will reach two thirds by 2050. Urbanization is a fairly new phenomenon; for the vast majority of human history, fewer than five percent of the world lived in urban areas, due to the dependency on subsistence agriculture. Advancements in agricultural practices and technology then coincided with the beginning of the industrial revolution in Europe in the late 19th century, which resulted in waves of urbanization to meet the demands of emerging manufacturing industries. This trend was replicated across the rest of the world as it industrialized over the following two centuries, and the most significant increase coincided with the industrialization of the most populous countries in Asia. In more developed economies, urbanization remains high even as economies de-industrialize, due to a variety of factors such as housing availability, labor demands in service industries, and social trends.

In 2025, the degree of urbanization worldwide was at 58 percent. North America, Latin America, and the Caribbean were the regions with the highest level of urbanization, with over four-fifths of the population residing in urban areas. The degree of urbanization defines the share of the population living in areas defined as "cities". On the other hand, less than half of Africa's population lives in urban settlements. Globally, China accounts for over one-quarter of the built-up areas of more than 500,000 inhabitants. The definition of a city differs across various world regions - some countries count settlements with 100 houses or more as urban, while others only include the capital of a country or provincial capitals in their count. Largest agglomerations worldwideThough North America is the most urbanized continent, no U.S. city was among the top ten urban agglomerations worldwide in 2023. Tokyo-Yokohama in Japan was the largest urban area in the world that year, with 37.7 million inhabitants. New York ranked 13th, with 21.4 million inhabitants. Eight of the 10 most populous cities are located in Asia. ConnectivityIt may be hard to imagine how the reality will look in 2050, with 70 percent of the global population living in cities, but some statistics illustrate the ways urban living differs from suburban and rural living. American urbanites may lead more “connected” (i.e., internet-connected) lives than their rural and/or suburban counterparts. As of 2021, around 89 percent of people living in urban areas owned a smartphone. Internet usage was also higher in cities than in rural areas. On the other hand, rural areas always have, and always will, attract those who want to escape the rush of the city.

Urban Permeation (UP) is a measure of the permeation of a landscape by built‑up areas; it describes the degree to which the landscape is permeated by patches of built-up area. It is calculated from the new urban sprawl metric "Weighted Urban Proliferation“ (WUP). Weighted Urban Proliferation is based on the following definition of urban sprawl: the more area is built over in a given landscape (amount of built-up area) and the more dispersed this built-up area is in the landscape (spatial configuration), and the higher the uptake of built-up area per inhabitant or job (lower utilisation intensity in the built-up area), the higher the degree of urban sprawl. The WUP metric has three components: the percentage of built-up areas (PBA), the dispersion of the built-up areas (DIS), and land uptake per person (LUP). UP is a product of PBA and DIS. It represents the spread of the built-up areas in the landscape. UP is expressed in urban permeation units per m2 of land (UPU/m2). The UP dataset is used in EEA's Urban Sprawl work indicating urbanisation impacts on the land system. It covers EEA39.

In the year 1800, approximately five percent of the world's population lived in urban areas of 10,000 people or more. At this time, the world's population was just under one billion people, and the industrial revolution was in its early stages in Western Europe and North America. As industrialization spread across the world, urbanization rates rose accordingly. In 2021, the global urbanization rate was approximately 56 percent.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Kiwi Fruit Market size was XX million by 2030, whereas its compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was XX% from 2024 to 2031.

Asia Pacific held the largest share of the global Kiwi Fruit market around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over XX% of the global market size of USD XX million.
North America held a market share of around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2024 to 2031.
The Latin American market is around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa held the major market of around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2024 to 2031.

Market Dynamics of the Kiwi Fruit Market

Key Drivers of the Kiwi Fruit Market

Increasing trends in health and nutrition significantly boost the market growth for kiwi fruit 

The increasing global demand for kiwis is being driven by people's increased attention to their health and well-being. Kiwis are naturally higher in fiber and lower in sugar than other fruits. As a result, there is a huge demand for this fruit among consumers worldwide, particularly in the US and Europe. The higher-income demographics in these areas are so eager to pay more to protect their health that they are increasing their intake. Kiwis are rich in dietary fiber and vitamin C. Kiwi fruit offers 21% dietary fiber and 117% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin C in a single serving. It protects the cells from oxidative damage as kiwis are exceptionally high in vitamin C. It also helps in promoting optimal immune function. Moreover, the soluble fiber found in kiwis is beneficial for blood sugar regulation, the heart health, and it majorly helps in supporting healthy gut bacteria, while the insoluble fiber present in kiwis helps in keep regulation of bowel movements. It possesses some intriguing qualities that can aid in the treatment and prevention of numerous illnesses, including obesity, colon cancer, and many more. As a result, more people consume this fruit due to its enhanced benefits.

Market expansion is driven by rising urban population and growing affordability

The demand for kiwi fruit is increasing due to rising urbanization and improved lifestyles, particularly in developing nations like Thailand, India, and Brazil. In addition, the world's top players are seeing chances to expand their production and distribution networks to meet the rapidly increasing demand for kiwi fruit due to the rapidly increasing population and increased awareness of the kiwi fruit's health benefits. However, as people's disposable income rises in sync with the economy's rapid expansion, they are becoming more conscious of their taste preferences and dietary needs to meet their bodies' nutritional requirements. This is positively driving the market's growth.

Restraint of the Kiwi Fruit Market

The market is being restrained by kiwi fruit's short shelf-life and allergies

Kiwi fruit has a short shelf life and is a climacteric fruit. kiwi fruit spoils quickly, it needs to be stored and transported properly to keep it fresh. Ripe kiwis should not be kept in the fridge for longer than four weeks. Elevated temperatures hasten the fruit's metabolic activities and shorten its shelf life. Fruit must be stored and processed within shallow and carefully chosen relative humidity (RH) conditions, which necessitates a designed system expense to maintain. Nonetheless, among the main factors limiting its expansion include the shorter shelf-life of kiwifruits and several kinds of sensitivities, including sore throats and swollen tongues brought on by direct eating. Inadequate handling procedures and infrastructure might cause spoiling and shorten shelf life, which could harm the market

Impact of the COVID-19 on the Kiwi Fruit Market

Fruits are less expensive than other processed foods. Thus, the market for kiwi fruit has a lot of room to grow. Duri...

The share of the European Union's urban population exposed to air pollutant concentrations above EU standards has fallen over the past two decades. In 2021, just *** percent of the EU urban population was exposed to high levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations, compared to ** percent in 2000. However, ** percent of the EU urban population were still exposed to high levels of PM10 and ozone (O3) in 2021.

In 2025, Moscow was the largest city in Europe with an estimated urban agglomeration of 12.74 million people. The French capital, Paris, was the second largest city in 2025 at 11.35 million, followed by the capitals of the United Kingdom and Spain, with London at 9.84 million and Madrid at 6.81 million people. Istanbul, which would otherwise be the largest city in Europe in 2025, is excluded as it is only partially in Europe, with a sizeable part of its population living in Asia. Europe’s population is almost 750 million Since 1950, the population of Europe has increased by approximately 200 million people, increasing from 550 million to 750 million in these seventy years. Before the turn of the millennium, Europe was the second-most populated continent, before it was overtaken by Africa, which saw its population increase from 228 million in 1950 to 817 million by 2000. Asia has consistently had the largest population of the world’s continents and was estimated to have a population of 4.6 billion. Europe’s largest countries Including its territory in Asia, Russia is by far the largest country in the world, with a territory of around 17 million square kilometers, almost double that of the next largest country, Canada. Within Europe, Russia also has the continent's largest population at 145 million, followed by Germany at 83 million and the United Kingdom at almost 68 million. By contrast, Europe is also home to various micro-states such as San Marino, which has a population of just 30 thousand.

This statistic shows the degree of urbanization in Romania from 2013 to 2023. Urbanization means the share of urban population in the total population of a country. In 2023, 54.67 percent of Romania's total population lived in urban areas and cities. The shrinking population of Romania About half of Romania's population lives in urban areas, with the largest city and capital Bucharest only having about 1.9 million inhabitants - not very much considering that Romania reported a population of about 20 million people in 2015. Bucharest is also significantly larger than any of the other small cities around the country, which only have close to or less than 300,000 inhabitants each. The fact that Romania has not urbanized to the same level of most developed countries is an indicator that the country is still developing. As Romania progresses, it has an important advantage over other developing nations: It is a member of the European Union, and thus has access to the European market. However, unlike other developing countries, the Romanian population is decreasing and expected to shrink by more than half a million by 2020. This is caused by a low fertility rate, which is less than the replacement rate, by emigration and by an aging population. The median age of the Romanian population is expected to increase to as high as 44 years in 2020. A contributing factor to this may be the fact that while the older generation stays in Romania, the younger people migrate to other countries within the European Union which have stronger economies and more employment opportunities than Romania.

Between 1500 and 1800, London grew to be the largest city in Western Europe, with its population growing almost 22 times larger in this period. London would eventually overtake Constantinople as Europe's largest in the 1700s, before becoming the largest city in the world (ahead of Beijing) in the early-1800s.

The most populous cities in this period were the capitals of European empires, with Paris, Amsterdam, and Vienna growing to become the largest cities, alongside the likes of Lisbon and Madrid in Iberia, and Naples or Venice in Italy. Many of northwestern Europe's largest cities in 1500 would eventually be overtaken by others not shown here, such as the port cities of Hamburg, Marseilles or Rotterdam, or more industrial cities such as Berlin, Birmingham, and Munich.

The population of Europe was estimated to be 745 million in 2024, an increase of around 4 million when compared with 2012. Over 35 years between 1950 and 1985, the population of Europe grew by approximately 157.8 million. But 35 years after 1985 it was estimated to have only increased by around 38.7 million. Since the 1960s, population growth in Europe has fallen quite significantly and was even negative during the mid-1990s. While population growth has increased slightly since the low of -0.07 percent in 1998, the growth rate for 2020 was just 0.04 percent. Which European country has the biggest population? As of 2024, the population of Russia was estimated to be approximately 144.8 million and was by far Europe's largest country in terms of population, with Turkey being the second-largest at over 87 million. While these two countries both have territory in Europe, however, they are both only partially in Europe, with the majority of their landmasses being in Asia. In terms of countries wholly located on the European continent, Germany had the highest population at 84.5 million, and was followed by the United Kingdom and France at 69.1 million and 66.5 million respectively. Characteristics of Europe's population There are approximately 384.6 million females in Europe, compared with 359.5 million males, a difference of around 25 million. In 1950, however, the male population has grown faster than the female one, with the male population growing by 104.7 million, and the female one by 93.6 million. As of 2024, the single year of age with the highest population was 37, at 10.6 million, while in the same year there were estimated to be around 136 thousand people aged 100 or over.

Milan had the highest average PM2.5 concentration among Europe's most populated cities in 2021 and 2022, with **** µg/m3. Milan sits in the Po Valley of Northern Italy, which is one of Europe's most polluted regions due to its geographical location and proximity to industrial activities. Poland's capital Warsaw ranked second, with average PM2.5 concentrations of **** µg/m3 based on levels measured in 2021 and 2022. Warsaw is prone to poor air quality due to factors such as burning solid fuels for household heating. Around ** percent of the European Union's urban population is exposed to PM2.5 concentrations above World Health Organization guidelines.