Graph and download economic data for ECB Deposit Facility Rate for Euro Area (ECBDFR) from 1999-01-01 to 2025-07-24 about overnight, Euro Area, deposits, Europe, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for ECB Main Refinancing Operations Rate: Fixed Rate Tenders for Euro Area (ECBMRRFR) from 1999-01-01 to 2025-07-23 about operating, liquidity, fixed, Euro Area, Europe, and rate.

From 2003 to 2025, the central banks of the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union exhibited remarkably similar interest rate patterns, reflecting shared global economic conditions. In the early 2000s, rates were initially low to stimulate growth, then increased as economies showed signs of overheating prior to 2008. The financial crisis that year prompted sharp rate cuts to near-zero levels, which persisted for an extended period to support economic recovery. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to further rate reductions to historic lows, aiming to mitigate economic fallout. However, surging inflation in 2022 triggered a dramatic policy shift, with the Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank significantly raising rates to curb price pressures. As inflation stabilized in late 2023 and early 2024, the ECB and Bank of England initiated rate cuts by mid-2024, and the Federal Reserve also implemented its first cut in three years, with forecasts suggesting a gradual decrease in all major interest rates between 2025 and 2026. Divergent approaches within the European Union While the ECB sets a benchmark rate for the Eurozone, individual EU countries have adopted diverse strategies to address their unique economic circumstances. For instance, Hungary set the highest rate in the EU at 13 percent in September 2023, gradually reducing it to 6.5 percent by October 2024. In contrast, Sweden implemented more aggressive cuts, lowering its rate to 2.25 percent by February 2025, the lowest among EU members. These variations highlight the complex economic landscape that European central banks must navigate, balancing inflation control with economic growth support. Global context and future outlook The interest rate changes in major economies have had far-reaching effects on global financial markets. Government bond yields, for example, reflect these policy shifts and investor sentiment. As of December 2024, the United States had the highest 10-year government bond yield among developed economies at 4.59 percent, while Switzerland had the lowest at 0.27 percent. These rates serve as important benchmarks for borrowing costs and economic expectations worldwide.

Graph and download economic data for Euro Short-Term Rate: Number of Active Banks (ECBESTRNUMACTBANKS) from 2019-10-01 to 2025-07-22 about volume, interbank, Euro Area, and Europe.

Graph and download economic data for Euro Short-Term Rate: Total Volume (ECBESTRTOTVOL) from 2019-10-01 to 2025-06-23 about volume, shares, interbank, Euro Area, Europe, banks, and depository institutions.

Graph and download economic data for ECB Marginal Lending Facility Rate for Euro Area (ECBMLFR) from 1999-01-01 to 2025-07-23 about margin, overnight, Euro Area, Europe, loans, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates, Discount Rate for Euro Area from Jan 1999 to May 2017 about Euro Area, Europe, interest rate, interest, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Euro Short-Term Rate: Rate at 25th Percentile of Volume (ECBESTRRT25THPCTVOL) from 2019-10-01 to 2025-07-23 about interbank, transactions, Euro Area, and Europe.

Graph and download economic data for Euro Short-Term Rate: Number of Transactions (ECBESTRNUMTRANS) from 2019-10-01 to 2025-07-23 about interbank, Euro Area, Europe, banks, and depository institutions.

Graph and download economic data for Euro Short-Term Rate: Volume-Weighted Trimmed Mean Rate (ECBESTRVOLWGTTRMDMNRT) from 2019-10-01 to 2025-07-21 about volume, trimmed mean, interbank, Euro Area, Europe, average, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Euro Short-Term Rate: Rate at 75th Percentile of Volume (ECBESTRRT75THPCTVOL) from 2019-10-01 to 2025-06-30 about volume, interbank, percentile, Euro Area, Europe, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Euro Short-Term Rate: Share of Volume of the 5 Largest Active Banks (ECBESTRSHRVOL5LRGACTBNK) from 2019-10-01 to 2025-07-22 about volume, interbank, percentile, Euro Area, Europe, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: 3-Month or 90-Day Rates and Yields: Interbank Rates: Total for Euro Area (19 Countries) (IR3TIB01EZQ156N) from Q1 1994 to Q2 2025 about interbank, Euro Area, 3-month, Europe, yield, interest rate, interest, and rate.

Money Supply M2 In the Euro Area increased to 15736672 EUR Million in May from 15696283 EUR Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Money Supply M2 - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Immediate Rates (< 24 Hours): Call Money/Interbank Rate: Total for Euro Area (19 Countries) (IRSTCI01EZM156N) from Jan 1994 to Jun 2025 about interbank, overnight, Euro Area, Europe, interest rate, interest, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Immediate Rates (< 24 Hours): Call Money/Interbank Rate: Total for Euro Area (19 Countries) (IRSTCI01EZQ156N) from Q1 1994 to Q2 2025 about interbank, overnight, Euro Area, Europe, interest rate, interest, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for Euro Area (19 Countries) (IRLTLT01EZQ156N) from Q1 1970 to Q2 2025 about long-term, Euro Area, 10-year, Europe, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Real Narrow Effective Exchange Rate for Euro area (RNXMBIS) from Jan 1964 to May 2025 about Euro Area, Europe, exchange rate, currency, real, rate, and indexes.

Graph and download economic data for Fertility Rate, Total for the European Union (SPDYNTFRTINEUU) from 1960 to 2023 about fertility, EU, Europe, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for ICE BofA Euro High Yield Index Effective Yield (BAMLHE00EHYIEY) from 1997-12-31 to 2025-07-22 about Euro Area, Europe, yield, interest rate, interest, rate, and indexes.