This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

In the third quarter of 2024, Greece's national debt was the highest in all the European Union, amounting to 158 percent of Greece's gross domestic product. In spite of Greece's total being high by EU standards, it marks a substantial decrease from the historical high point reached by the country's national debt of 207 percent of GDP in 2020. Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, and Portugal also all have government debt worth over one year's production of their economies, while the small Baltic country of Estonia has the smallest national debt when compared with GDP, at only 24 percent. In debitum incrementum?A country’s national debt, also known as government debt or public debt, is defined as all borrowings owed by the government of a country. It usually comprises internal debt – owed to other governmental departments – and external debt, which is held by the public and is owed to government bond owners. National debt can be caused by a struggling economy in general, or by low tax income, which usually leads to money being borrowed from other governments for support, which in turn cannot be paid back right away. At first glance, a high national debt is not always a sign of a struggling economy – but since increasing debt can slow down economic growth significantly, it is imperative for the respective government to seek a steady reduction in the long run.

Key information about European Union Government Debt: % of GDP

• European Union Government debt accounted for 81.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jun 2025, compared with the ratio of 81.5 % in the previous quarter.
• EU government debt to GDP ratio data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2000 to Jun 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 709.6 % in Jun 2020 and a record low of -41,680.0 % in Oct 2025.

CEIC calculates quarterly Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Government Debt and rolling sum of quarterly Nominal GDP. Eurostat provides Government Debt in EUR and Nominal GDP in EUR. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.


Related information about European Union Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, EU National Government Debt reached 17,710.7 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 5,301.1 USD bn in Jun 2025.

This statistic shows the national debt of the European Union and the euro area in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP) from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, the national debt of the European Union amounted to approximately 82.5 percent of the gross domestic product.

Key information about European Union External Debt: % of GDP

• European Union External Debt accounted for 109.7 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 110.9 % in the previous year.
• EU External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2008 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 134.2 % in Dec 2016 and a record low of 109.7 % in Dec 2024.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly External Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. European Central Bank provides External Debt in EUR. Eurostat provides Nominal GDP in EUR. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP covers Euro Area 20. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2013 covers Euro Area 19.


Related information about European Union External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of EU, Current Account recorded a surplus of 149.6 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 11.9 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• EU Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 7.3 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 210.3 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• The country's External Debt reached 19,891,982.8 in Jun 2025.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 5,301.1 USD bn in Jun 2025.

This statistic shows the national debt in the member states of the European Union in the second quarter of 2024. The data refer to the entire state and are comprised of the debts of central government, provinces, municipalities, local authorities and social security. In the second quarter of 2024, Greece's national debt amounted to about 369.4 billion euros. National debt in the EU member states National or government debt is the debt owed by a central government. No country in the European Union is debt-free, although some are able to manage their debts better than others. Debt is influenced by the economic situation of a country, factors such as unemployment, the rate of inflation or the trade figures have a significant impact on its extent, and are, in turn, influenced by the national debt. The economic crisis has hit some EU countries harder than others; Spain, Ireland and Greece especially have been struggling economically since 2008. Greece’s national debt has skyrocketed over the past few years, and the same can be said about Spain and Ireland. Other EU countries, like France and the United Kingdom have been affected as well, albeit not as severely. The national debt of a country can be reduced by applying several measures: money can be borrowed (for example in the form of rescue packages), austerity programs can be enforced, taxes can be increased or central banks can inject liquidity into the economy through the implementation of quantitative easing policies. Some critics of the policy claim that this could lead to a higher level of inflation, which, if severe enough, could have a detrimental impact on living standards.

Key information about European Union National Government Debt

• European Union National Government Debt reached 17,710.7 USD bn in Jun 2025, compared with 16,008.2 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• EU National Government Debt data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2000 to Jun 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 17,710.7 USD bn in Jun 2025 and a record low of 4,554.8 USD bn in Jun 2001.

CEIC converts quarterly Government Debt into USD. Eurostat provides Government Debt in EUR based on ESA 2010. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.


Related information about European Union National Government Debt

• In the latest reports, EU Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 3.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 81.9 % of its Nominal GDP in Jun 2025.
• EU Nominal GDP reached 5,301.1 USD bn in Jun 2025.

This dataset provides values for PRIVATE DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Key information about European Union Household Debt: % of GDP

• European Union household debt accounted for 50.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jun 2025, compared with the ratio of 50.8 % in the previous quarter.
• EU household debt to GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1999 to Jun 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 64.4 % in Dec 2009 and a record low of 47.8 % in Mar 1999.

CEIC calculates quarterly Household Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Household Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Eurostat provides Household Debt: Loans in EUR. Eurostat provides Nominal GDP in EUR. Household Debt includes NPISH.


Related information about European Union Household Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, EU Household Debt reached 7,877.1 USD bn in Oct 2025.
• Money Supply M2 in EU increased 3.1 % YoY in Oct 2025.
• EU Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 322.0 USD bn in Oct 2025.
• The Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 1.2 Months of Import in Sep 2025.
• EU Domestic Credit reached 24,974.9 USD bn in Feb 2025, representing an increased of 1.6 % YoY.

Household debt to GDP, in percent in Belgium, March, 2025 The most recent value is 57.3 percent as of March 2025, a decline compared to the previous value of 57.4 percent. Historically, the average for Belgium from March 1999 to March 2025 is 51.99 percent. The minimum of 38.6 percent was recorded in March 2002, while the maximum of 66 percent was reached in March 2021. | TheGlobalEconomy.com

This statistic shows the national debt of Greece from 2020 to 2023, with projections until 2030. In 2023, the national debt in Greece was around 420.4 billion U.S. dollars. In a ranking of debt to GDP per country, Greece is currently ranked third. Greece's struggle after the financial crisis Greece is a developed country in the EU and is highly dependent on its service sector as well as its tourism sector in order to gain profits. After going through a large economic boom from the 1950s to the 1970s as well as somewhat high GDP growth in the early to mid 2000s, Greece’s economy took a turn for the worse and struggled intensively, primarily due to the Great Recession, the Euro crisis as well as its own debt crisis. National debt within the country saw significant gains over the past decades, however roughly came to a halt due to financial rescue packages issued from the European Union in order to help Greece maintain and improve their economical situation. The nation’s continuous rise in debt has overwhelmed its estimated GDP over the years, which can be attributed to poor government execution and unnecessary spending. Large sums of financial aid were taken from major European banks to help balance out these government-induced failures and to potentially help refuel the economy to encourage more spending, which in turn would decrease the country’s continuously rising unemployment rate. Investors, consumers and workers alike are struggling to see a bright future in Greece, whose chances of an economic comeback are much lower than that of other struggling countries such as Portugal and Italy. However, Greece's financial situation might improve in the future, as it is estimated that at least its national debt will decrease - slowly, but steadily. Still, since its future participation in the European Union is in limbo as of now, these figures can only be estimates, not predictions.

Key information about European Union Household Debt

• European Union Household Debt reached 7,877.1 USD bn in Oct 2025, compared with the reported number of 7,998.9 USD bn in the previous month
• EU Household Debt: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1999 to Oct 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 7,998.9 USD bn in Sep 2025 and a record low of 2,500.5 USD bn in Oct 2000

CEIC converts monthly Household Debt into USD. European Central Bank provides Household Debt in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Loans are used due to the lack of Flow of Funds statistics in monthly frequency. Household Debt includes Mortgages and Consumer Loans.


Further information about European Union Household Debt

• In the latest reports, European Union Household Debt accounted for 50.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jun 2025
• Money Supply M2 in European Union increased 18,352.1 USD bn YoY in Oct 2025
• European Union Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 322.0 USD bn in Oct 2025
• The Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 1.2 Months of Import in Sep 2025
• European Union Domestic Credit reached 24,974.9 USD bn in Feb 2025, representing an increased of 1.6 % YoY

Key information about EU Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• European Union Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 3.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a deficit equal to 3.4 % in the previous year
• EU Consolidated Fiscal Balance to GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1995 to Dec 2024, with an average ratio of -6.1 %
• The data reached an all-time high of -0.4 % in Dec 2018 and a record low of -7.2 % in Dec 1995

CEIC calculates Consolidated Fiscal Balance as % of Nominal GDP from annual Consolidated Fiscal Balance and quarterly Nominal GDP. Eurostat provides Consolidated Fiscal Balance in EUR and Nominal GDP in EUR. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.


Further information about EU Consolidated Fiscal Balance: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, EU National Government Debt reached 17,710.7 USD bn in Jun 2025
• EU Nominal GDP reached 5,301.1 USD bn in Jun 2025

In 2025, public debt in France represented 116.2 percent of the country’s GDP. According to the source, public debt in France is supposed to remain stable in the upcoming years. There was a substantial increase between 2019 and 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the French government's economic response to it. Since 2005, public debt in France is increasing making the country one of the most in debt of the European Union. A debt country Public debt, also known as national debt, appears to be the difference between what a government is receiving and spending in a year. It is the accumulation of annual budget deficits, which happened when the government was spending more than receiving. Public debt in France is increasing since 2007, while the debt interest expenditure amounted to more than 40.3 billion euros in 2023. France’s revenue and spending Most of French public debt is generated by the State, in comparison with the social security system and the regional and local authorities. The budget balance of the country has been negative for years and does not appear to reach a positive one in the future. France spends most of its budget on tax repayments and abatement, as well as on education and defense. In 2023, France’s government spent more than 1.61 trillion euros, whereas its revenue amounted to 1.45 trillion euros. Non-tax revenue collected by the state came in majority from dividends, while it collected 70 billion euros by levying taxes on income and 140 billion euros through VAT in 2016.

Key information about Belgium External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• Belgium External Debt: Short Term accounted for 101.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 93.1 % in the previous year.
• Belgium External Debt: Short Term: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from 2007 to 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 203.2 % in 2007 and a record low of 80.6 % in 2018.

CEIC calculates Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Short Term External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. Short Term External Debt is calculated as the sum of Short Term External Debt breakdowns for General Government, Monetary Authorities, MFIs and Other Sectors. The National Bank of Belgium provides Short Term External Debt in EUR based on BPM6 and Nominal GDP in EUR. Short Term External Debt prior to 2008 is based on BPM5.


Related information about Belgium External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Belgium, Current Account recorded a deficit of 1.7 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) fell by 9.3 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• Belgium Direct Investment Abroad fell by 5.2 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 29.3 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• Belgium External Debt: Short Term value stood at 808.0 USD bn in Dec 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 188.2 USD bn in Sep 2025.

European Union recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 80.70 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - European Union Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The statistic shows the national debt of Turkey from 2020 to 2023 in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP), with projections up until 2030. The data relate to the entire Turkish state and include government debt and the debt of the provinces, municipalities, communes as well as social security. In 2023, Turkey's national debt amounted to around 29.26 percent of the GDP. Turkey's economic situation Based on the current state of its economy, Turkey is defined as an emerging market and one of the newly industrialized countries in the world. Turkey is identified as one of the members of the G-20 major economies and is also a member of the EU Customs Union, allowing for custom-free trade amongst all member states. Like every other country's economy, Turkey’s economy is primarily made up of three different sectors; agriculture, industry and services. Over the past decade, Turkey has shifted more focus to its services sector, most notably tourism, communications and transport, while slightly decreasing its dependency on the agricultural and industrial aspects. While many other countries have struggled to recover from the 2008 global financial crisis as well as the Eurozone crisis, the Turkish economy returned to its pre-crisis form in several years and has since seen exponential economic growth and higher productivity and efficiency, more than double the amount compared to a decade prior. With regards to total GDP, government spending within the country has remained relatively low and has remained stable over the past decade, in comparison to developed EU countries, which may be spending more than they can afford.

Key information about Belgium Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP

• Belgium Private Debt accounted for 65.44 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2025, compared with a ratio of 65.44 % in the previous quarter
• Belgium Private Debt contribution to Nominal GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1999 to Sep 2025, with an average share of 55.08 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 74.67 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 53.20 % in Sep 2012

CEIC calculates quarterly Private Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly Private Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. Private Debt is calculated as the sum of Loans to Non Financial Corporations and Households. The National Bank of Belgium provides Private Debt in EUR and Nominal GDP in EUR.

The statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in the European Union and the Euro area from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. In 2024, the GDP in the European Union increased by about 1.12 percent compared to the previous year. Growth trends in the EU compared to the euro area The euro area, which is also called the eurozone, is an economic and monetary union (EMU) which includes 19 of the 27 European Union member states which have formally adopted the euro. Those countries include Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Member states which have not yet adopted the euro include Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Additionally, there is the so-called Schengen Area, which is composed of EU and non-EU states, and has been established mainly to facilitate travelling in Europe. While some countries, such as Kosovo and Montenegro have adopted the euro unilaterally, they are not formally part of the eurozone. Others have established a monetary agreement with the EU to use the euro, such as Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican, but they do not form part of the official euro area. As can be seen in the chart, annual GDP growth slumped in 2012 and 2013, presumably as a result of the global financial crisis, in both the EU and the euro area. In 2013, growth began increasing ever so slightly and in 2014 the EU regained a bit of stability. However, overall recovery in the EU has been relatively moderate and gradual; growth throughout the EU has been slightly better than in the euro area and is projected to remain slightly better for the foreseeable future. Relatively new member states such as Romania and Czechia, which have not yet adopted the euro, reported the highest annual growth rates in the EU in 2015, and generally, new member states show slightly better growth rates. Also, unemployment has been slightly higher in the euro area compared to the EU for the last ten years (267906). The unemployment rate also remains relatively high for both the EU and the euro area. As for public spending as a share of GDP, these figures are slightly higher in the euro area than in the EU as a whole. The member states with the highest national debt include the United Kingdom, Italy, France and Germany - some of the oldest members of the euro area. The national debt of the euro area is slightly higher than the national debt of the EU as a whole, underlining the economic situation of both areas.

This table shows the indicators of the macroeconomic scoreboard. Furthermore, some additional indicators are shown. To identify in a timely manner existing and potential imbalances and possible macroeconomic risks within the countries of the European Union in an early stage, the European Commission has drawn up a scoreboard with fourteen indicators. This scoreboard is part of the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP). This table contains quarterly and annual figures for both these fourteen indicators and nine additional indicators for the Netherlands.

The fourteen indicators in the macroeconomic scoreboard are: - Current account balance as % of GDP, 3 year moving average - Net international investment position, % of GDP - Real effective exchange rate, % change on three years previously - Share of world exports, % change on five years previously - Nominal unit labour costs, % change on three years previously - Deflated house prices, % change on one year previously - Private sector credit flow as % of GDP - Private sector debt as % of GDP - Government debt as % of GDP - Unemployment rate, three year moving average - Total financial sector liabilities, % change on one year previously - Activity rate, % of total population aged 15-64, change in percentage points on three years previously - Long-term unemployment rate, % of active population aged 15-74, change in percentage points on three years previously - Youth unemployment rate, % of active population aged 15-24, change in percentage points on three years previously

The additional indicators are: - Real effective exchange rate, index - Share of world exports, % - Nominal unit labour costs, index - Households credit flow as % of GDP - Non-financial corporations credit flow as % of GDP - Household debt as % of GDP - Non-financial corporations debt as % of GDP - Activity rate, % of total population aged 15-64 - Youth unemployment rate, % of active population aged 15-24

Data available from: first quarter of 2006.

Status of the figures: Annual and quarterly data are provisional.

Changes as of October 9th, 2025: The figures for the second quarter of 2025 have been added for all indicators. In addition, due to revisions in the sources, several indicators have also been updated for past periods.

When will new figures be published? New data are published within 120 days after the end of each quarter. The first quarter may be revised in October, the second quarter in January. Quarterly data for the previous three quarters are adjusted along when the fourth quarter figures are published in April. This corresponds with the first estimate of the annual data for the previous year. The annual and quarterly data for the last three years are revised together with the publication of the first quarter in July.