In the second quarter of 2023, the value of the European debt capital market transactions amounted nearly to ***** billion U.S. dollars. The debt market is the part of the capital market on which fixed-interest securities are traded. These securities include, for example, government, municipal, corporate or mortgage bonds.
This statistic illustrates the total size of bond markets in Europe as of the **** of December 2016. It can be seen that the Euro government bond market was by far the largest, with a total size of more than ************ euros, at that time. The second largest bond market was the Euro IG ex-financials market, with a size of over *** trillion euros. So-called junk bonds with ratings of BB to CCC made up a much smaller share of overall bonds in Europe, due to the much higher risk associated with investment in these bonds. Contingent Convertibles (CoCos) made up a small section of the bond markets, with a total size of *** billion euros as of December 2016.
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The Europe Debt Collection Software market is forecasted to grow at a noteworthy CAGR of 11.59% between 2025 and 2033. By 2033, market size is expected to surge to USD 4.54 Billion, a substantial rise from the USD 1.69 Billion recorded in 2024.
The Europe Debt Collection Software Market size to cross USD 4.54 Billion in 2033. [https://edison.valuemarketresearch.com//uploads/report_images/VMR11211
In 2023, the country that issued the highest value of sustainable bonds - either from the government or organizations domiciled in that country - was the United States, with almost 100 billion U.S. dollars of fixed income debt issued. China was second, with nearly ** billion U.S. dollars, then Germany with ** billion U.S. dollars. However, it should be noted that the balance between debt for environmental and social purposes was very different between these countries, with the majority of debt issued by France being for social purposes. If just considering the value of green bonds issued (i.e. bonds issued for environmental projects), the highest issuer in 2023 was China. The European sustainable bond market Overall, Europe is the clear leader in the sustainable bond market, having issued more sustainable bonds than any other region since 2014 (including supranational organizations). Given the sustainable bonds issued over this period were for environmental causes, the European green bond market is highly advanced. Types of sustainable bonds While green bonds are the most common type of sustainable bond, there are also social bonds which raise money for social (rather than environmental) causes. In addition, there is the broader category of sustainable bonds, which are for a combination of both social and environmental causes. The category of what is a social cause is somewhat broad, however, generating some controversy. For example while China does issue a high number of green bonds, they issued a far higher value of social bonds in 2020. Much of this debt was labelled as for dealing with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which meant it could be classified as social bonds. This is controversial, as in many other countries debt raised for this purpose may not have been not categorized as sustainable. Some have also raised questions about whether such bonds can even be considered sustainable in the first place, given some certifications only required ** percent of the money raised to be used for causes directly related to the fight against COVID-19 (such as manufacturing medical devices, building hospitals, or scientific research).
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Europe's Collection Agencies and Credit Bureaux industry has contended with numerous challenges in recent years. Lending activity has been muted as businesses became cautious about borrowing in the face of turbulent economic conditions and rising interest rates, draining the pool of debt available for collection. Revenue is expected to fall at a compound annual rate of 3.8% over the five years through 2024 to €19.6 billion, including an estimated decline of 3.2% in 2024. In recent years, the industry has witnessed a significant transformation driven by digitalisation. Collection agencies and credit bureaux embraced digital platforms and automation tools to streamline processes, enhance data analysis efficiency and improve consumer communication. The integration of AI and alternative credit scoring models has revolutionised credit assessment practices, offering more inclusive evaluation methods and personalised debt collection strategies. The adoption of blockchain technology for secure data management has also gained traction, promising enhanced data security and transparency across operations. Revenue is slated to mount at a compound annual rate of 2.7% over the five years through 2029 to €22.5 billion, while profit is also expected to edge upwards. Looking ahead, Europe's collection agencies and credit bureaux are poised for further evolution and innovation. Expanding alternative data sources for credit assessment will provide more comprehensive credit profiles and improve risk assessment accuracy. Companies will also continue to integrate blockchain technology for secure data management, offering increased data security, fraud prevention and operational efficiencies.
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Debt maturity describes the terms by which the principal of debt securities must be paid to investors. These data are compiled on the basis of the expected redemption date of both money market paper and bonds (excluding loans). THE YEAR 2041 INCLUDE ALL DEBTS TO BE REPAYED AFTER 2040.
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European Union DS: EA: Euro: Non MMF Investment Funds data was reported at 5,427.518 EUR mn in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5,515.583 EUR mn for Feb 2025. European Union DS: EA: Euro: Non MMF Investment Funds data is updated monthly, averaging 5,700.125 EUR mn from Dec 2020 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,850.445 EUR mn in Jan 2025 and a record low of 3,284.166 EUR mn in Apr 2021. European Union DS: EA: Euro: Non MMF Investment Funds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Central Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.Z003: European Central Bank: Debt Securities: Euro Area Residents: Outstandings: Market Value.
As of 2023, the United States had the largest bond market worldwide, accounting for nearly 40 percent of the total. The European Union was second in the ranking, accouting for almost one fifth of the total outstanding value of corporate and government bonds worldwid, followed by China with 16.3 percent.
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European Union DS: EA: LT: OC: Non MMF Investment Funds data was reported at 779.178 EUR mn in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 806.194 EUR mn for Feb 2025. European Union DS: EA: LT: OC: Non MMF Investment Funds data is updated monthly, averaging 725.329 EUR mn from Dec 2020 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,913.120 EUR mn in Nov 2021 and a record low of 438.912 EUR mn in Jan 2023. European Union DS: EA: LT: OC: Non MMF Investment Funds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Central Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.Z003: European Central Bank: Debt Securities: Euro Area Residents: Outstandings: Market Value.
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The international debt collection services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing cross-border transactions and a rise in non-performing loans globally. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the increasing digitization of financial services facilitates efficient debt recovery through automated systems like telephone, SMS, and email collections. Secondly, the growing adoption of advanced technologies such as AI and machine learning in debt collection processes enhances efficiency and recovery rates. Thirdly, stringent regulatory frameworks in various countries are pushing businesses towards professional debt collection agencies to ensure compliance. Finally, a rising number of SMEs and businesses engaging in international trade expands the potential client base for international debt collection services. While the market faces challenges such as fluctuating economic conditions and data privacy concerns, the overall trend remains positive. Market segmentation reveals a significant share attributed to the education and healthcare sectors, due to the growing number of unpaid bills and student loans globally. The telephone collection method continues to hold a dominant market share, although digital channels like SMS and email collections are experiencing rapid growth, reflecting the increasing preference for digital communication. Geographic analysis suggests that North America and Europe currently hold substantial market shares, driven by robust economies and established regulatory structures. However, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific and Middle East & Africa are showing significant potential for growth, driven by expanding economies and increased cross-border trade. This expansion, however, requires tailored strategies to navigate the unique regulatory and cultural contexts in these regions. The projected CAGR indicates strong sustained growth over the forecast period.
As per our latest research, the global Social Bond market size reached USD 518.7 billion in 2024, demonstrating robust momentum in the sustainable finance sector. The Social Bond market is experiencing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.4% and, at this pace, is forecasted to reach USD 1,461.6 billion by 2033. This expansion is being propelled by increased investor demand for responsible investment vehicles, government initiatives to address pressing social issues, and the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria into mainstream financial strategies.
The primary growth driver for the Social Bond market is the escalating global focus on social welfare and sustainable development. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments, corporations, and non-profit organizations have intensified their efforts to combat societal challenges, such as healthcare access, affordable housing, and food security. Social Bonds, which channel capital into projects with measurable social outcomes, have emerged as a preferred financing mechanism. The rise in impact-driven investing is further reinforced by regulatory frameworks and reporting standards that enhance transparency and accountability, making Social Bonds an attractive proposition for both issuers and investors. The alignment of Social Bonds with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has also fueled market growth, as stakeholders seek to demonstrate tangible contributions to global social objectives.
Another significant factor bolstering the Social Bond market is the increasing participation of institutional investors. Pension funds, insurance companies, and asset managers are under mounting pressure from beneficiaries and regulators to integrate ESG considerations into their portfolios. Social Bonds offer a unique opportunity to align financial returns with positive social impact, thus attracting large-scale capital inflows. Moreover, the proliferation of innovative bond structures, such as Social Impact Bonds and Sustainability Bonds, has broadened the market’s appeal. These instruments not only finance traditional social infrastructure but also support innovative solutions in education, employment generation, and healthcare. As the market matures, enhanced data analytics and impact measurement methodologies are enabling investors to assess the efficacy of social projects, further driving confidence and investment.
The supportive policy environment is also a critical growth catalyst for the Social Bond market. Governments across regions are introducing incentives, subsidies, and regulatory frameworks to encourage the issuance and investment in Social Bonds. For instance, the European Union’s Social Bond framework and similar initiatives in Asia Pacific and North America are setting benchmarks for best practices and transparency. Additionally, central banks and supranational organizations are increasingly participating as anchor investors, reducing perceived risks and catalyzing private sector involvement. The synergy between public and private sector efforts is fostering a robust pipeline of social projects, ensuring a steady supply of investable opportunities and underpinning the market’s sustained expansion.
Regionally, Europe continues to dominate the Social Bond market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed by North America and Asia Pacific. The European market benefits from strong regulatory backing, a mature investor base, and a well-established ecosystem for sustainable finance. North America is witnessing rapid growth, driven by increasing awareness of social inequality and active participation from both governmental and corporate issuers. Asia Pacific is emerging as a high-growth region, propelled by rising social needs, urbanization, and supportive government initiatives. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising signs, albeit from a lower base, as social investment frameworks gain traction and cross-border collaborations increase. This regional diversification is expected to contribute significantly to the global Social Bond market’s resilience and long-term growth.
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In this article, the author analyzes the future prospects of the euro as an international currency from a portfolio perspective. Using daily bond and exchange-rate data during the period 1996-1998, the author constructs an optimal benchmark portfolio for representative investors from the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the three major European countries participating in the euro: France, Germany, and Italy. Subsequently, the author distinguishes three plausible (euro) exchange-rate scenarios and three plausible (European) bond market scenarios as a result of the introduction of the euro. Then, the portfolio optimization is implemented again under the nine scenarios. Generally, the outcomes suggest that an increase in net demand for euro assets is unlikely, due to the inherent reduction of attractive diversification possibilities. For a given eurobond supply, this in turn implies a depreciation of the euro. Potential entry of the United Kingdom into the euro area is not seen to change the results. However, increasing depth and liquidity of European bond markets, together with lower transaction costs, may reverse the conclusions. Finally, the author shows that both actual supply and demand developments in international bond markets in 1999 are consistent with the observed depreciation of the euro relative to the United States dollar.
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The bond fund sales market size was valued at approximately USD 10 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 15 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5%. This growth is primarily driven by increasing investor demand for stable and diversified income streams amidst global economic uncertainties. The market size expansion is fostered by factors such as an aging global population seeking more conservative investment options, heightened volatility in equity markets, and favorable regulatory changes supporting bond fund investments.
One of the primary growth factors for the bond fund sales market is the demographic shift towards an aging population, particularly in developed regions such as North America and Europe. As more individuals approach retirement age, there is a heightened need for investment products that offer steady income with reduced risk exposure. Bond funds, known for their relatively stable returns and lower volatility compared to equity funds, serve as an attractive option for this demographic. Additionally, the increasing life expectancy rates globally are pushing retirees to seek long-term investment solutions that can provide consistent income streams over extended periods.
Another significant growth driver is the evolving regulatory landscape that favors bond investments. Governments and financial regulatory bodies in various regions are implementing rules and guidelines that promote transparency and investor protection in the bond markets. These regulatory changes increase investor confidence and make bond funds more appealing to both retail and institutional investors. Furthermore, the introduction of green bonds and other socially responsible investment (SRI) products within the bond fund market is drawing interest from a growing segment of environmentally and socially conscious investors.
Technological advancements and the proliferation of digital investment platforms are also contributing to the growth of the bond fund sales market. Online platforms and robo-advisors are making it easier for retail investors to access and manage bond fund investments with lower fees and greater convenience. These platforms provide investors with tools and resources to make informed investment decisions, thereby increasing the participation rate of individual investors in the bond market. This digital transformation is democratizing access to bond funds and expanding the market's reach across various investor segments.
Regionally, the bond fund sales market exhibits diverse growth patterns. North America and Europe are expected to maintain their dominance due to their mature financial markets and high levels of investor awareness and engagement. However, the Asia-Pacific region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by rapid economic growth, rising disposable incomes, and increasing investor sophistication. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa regions are also witnessing growing interest in bond funds, albeit at a slower pace, as these markets gradually develop and integrate into the global financial system.
Government bond funds are a cornerstone of the bond fund market, offering investors a relatively low-risk investment option backed by government securities. These funds have been traditionally appealing to risk-averse investors, including retirees and conservative institutional investors. The demand for government bond funds is amplified during periods of economic uncertainty, as they are perceived as safe havens. The increasing issuance of government bonds to finance fiscal stimulus and infrastructure projects globally is also contributing to the growth of this segment. Moreover, central banks' policies, such as quantitative easing, have increased the liquidity and attractiveness of these bonds.
Corporate bond funds represent a significant portion of the bond fund market, providing higher yields compared to government bonds, albeit with increased risk. These funds invest in bonds issued by corporations to finance their operations and expansions. The corporate bond market is highly dynamic, with companies frequently entering and exiting the market based on their financing needs and credit ratings. The growth of this segment is supported by strong corporate earnings and favorable economic conditions that enhance companies' ability to service their debt. Additionally, the trend towards globalization and cross-border investments is expanding the market for corporate bond funds.
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European Union DS: EA: Non MMF Investment Funds data was reported at 6,206.696 EUR mn in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6,321.777 EUR mn for Feb 2025. European Union DS: EA: Non MMF Investment Funds data is updated monthly, averaging 6,427.513 EUR mn from Dec 2020 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,443.264 EUR mn in Nov 2021 and a record low of 4,255.858 EUR mn in Mar 2021. European Union DS: EA: Non MMF Investment Funds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Central Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.Z003: European Central Bank: Debt Securities: Euro Area Residents: Outstandings: Market Value.
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The global debt collection agency market, valued at $27.11 billion in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by factors such as rising consumer debt, increasing regulatory scrutiny of lending practices, and the ongoing digital transformation within the financial services sector. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 1.3% from 2025-2033 reflects a relatively stable but consistent expansion. Key segments driving growth include healthcare debt collection, student loan recovery, and financial services debt management. The increasing use of advanced analytics and technology, like AI-powered predictive modeling and automated debt recovery systems, is improving efficiency and effectiveness within the industry. Furthermore, the outsourcing of debt collection services is expected to continue as businesses seek to optimize cost structures and focus on core competencies. Regional variations will likely persist, with North America and Europe remaining the largest markets due to established debt management infrastructure and high levels of consumer debt. However, the market faces certain constraints. Stringent regulations aimed at protecting consumers from aggressive debt collection practices could limit growth potential in some regions. Economic downturns and shifts in consumer spending patterns can impact debt levels, thus influencing the market. Furthermore, the evolving legal landscape and increasing litigation surrounding debt collection practices present significant challenges. Competition within the industry remains intense, with established players continually striving for innovation and market share, and the emergence of new technologies and approaches creating opportunities and challenges alike. The segments of mortgage and retail debt are showing some faster growth as compared to other segments due to the rising penetration of credit cards and mortgages. Therefore, while the market displays moderate growth, successful players will need to focus on technological advancement, regulatory compliance, and ethical debt recovery practices to sustain their positions.
This statistic illustrates bond market capitalization in selected European countries as of 2015, by country. It can be seen that Italy had a bond market capitalization of more than 3.6 trillion euros at that time.
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European Union DS: EA: ST: Euro: Non MMF Investment Funds data was reported at 157.733 EUR mn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 156.181 EUR mn for Feb 2025. European Union DS: EA: ST: Euro: Non MMF Investment Funds data is updated monthly, averaging 13.149 EUR mn from Dec 2020 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 52 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 157.733 EUR mn in Mar 2025 and a record low of 0.000 EUR mn in Dec 2020. European Union DS: EA: ST: Euro: Non MMF Investment Funds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Central Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.Z003: European Central Bank: Debt Securities: Euro Area Residents: Outstandings: Market Value.
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The global debt collection services market, valued at $31.07 billion in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by a combination of factors. Rising consumer debt levels across various segments – healthcare, student loans, and financial services – are fueling demand for efficient and effective debt recovery solutions. The increasing adoption of advanced technologies like AI and machine learning in debt collection processes is improving efficiency and reducing operational costs, further stimulating market expansion. Regulatory changes and evolving consumer protection laws are also shaping the industry landscape, pushing service providers to adopt more transparent and ethical collection practices. Market segmentation reveals a diverse range of applications, with healthcare and financial services representing significant portions of the market. The increasing prevalence of bad debt and early-out debt contributes substantially to the market's growth. While specific regional breakdowns are not available, it's reasonable to assume that North America and Europe will hold larger market shares initially due to higher debt levels and established regulatory frameworks, followed by Asia-Pacific showing substantial growth later in the forecast period due to burgeoning economies and increasing consumer debt. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2.7% indicates a moderate but consistent expansion over the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth, while seemingly modest, reflects the complexities and regulatory pressures within the industry. Competitive pressures from established players like Experian and TransUnion, alongside the emergence of innovative technology providers, will continue to shape market dynamics. Further segmentation by debt type (early-out debt and bad debt) highlights the varying approaches and complexities involved in debt recovery, impacting both pricing strategies and overall market value. The presence of numerous specialized companies across different regions indicates a fragmented but active market landscape. The forecast period suggests continued expansion, though at a relatively steady pace, influenced by economic growth, technological advancements, and regulatory considerations.
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Net issues of debt securities issued in international markets by residents of All countries excluding residents of all issuers (nationality of All countries excluding residents of non-financial corporations), all currencies, Sum of ECU, Euro and legacy currencies now included in the Euro, original maturity of total (all maturities), remaining maturity of total (all maturities), all interest rates
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The global commercial debt collection services market is a substantial sector, currently valued at $30.98 billion in 2025 and projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2.6% from 2025 to 2033. This steady growth reflects the persistent challenge businesses face in recovering outstanding invoices and managing credit risk. Several factors contribute to market expansion. The increasing prevalence of e-commerce and online transactions leads to a higher volume of unpaid invoices, requiring professional debt collection services. Furthermore, the rise of globalization and cross-border transactions introduces complexities in debt recovery, boosting the demand for specialized expertise. The market is segmented by application (large enterprises and SMEs) and by type of service (multiple debt recovery and single debt recovery, credit control). Large enterprises tend to utilize comprehensive, multi-faceted debt recovery strategies, while SMEs might opt for more focused, single-debt recovery solutions or credit control services to prevent delinquency. The market's regional distribution is diverse, with North America and Europe currently holding significant market shares due to established economies and robust legal frameworks supporting debt recovery. However, growth is expected in emerging markets in Asia-Pacific and other regions as businesses expand and adopt more sophisticated credit and collection practices. The competitive landscape includes a mix of established global players and regional specialists, each offering unique service models and technological solutions to meet diverse client needs. The continued growth of the commercial debt collection services market is anticipated to be driven by factors like technological advancements in debt recovery automation and analytics. These technologies enhance efficiency, accuracy, and speed in identifying and collecting outstanding debts. The increasing adoption of cloud-based solutions further streamlines processes and improves collaboration between collection agencies and their clients. However, regulatory changes and evolving data privacy regulations pose challenges to the industry, demanding compliance and affecting data management practices. Furthermore, economic fluctuations and varying levels of business solvency in different regions can influence the overall market performance. Companies in the sector are continuously innovating to adapt to these dynamic conditions, focusing on strategic partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and expansion into new geographic markets to maintain competitive advantages. The market’s future is likely to be characterized by a consolidation of players, increasing technological sophistication, and a greater focus on data-driven decision-making in debt recovery strategies.
In the second quarter of 2023, the value of the European debt capital market transactions amounted nearly to ***** billion U.S. dollars. The debt market is the part of the capital market on which fixed-interest securities are traded. These securities include, for example, government, municipal, corporate or mortgage bonds.