Across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union, gross domestic products (GDP) decreased in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, by 2021, growth rates were positive in all four areas again. The United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union all experiencing slow economic growth in 2023 amid high inflation, with Germany even seeing an economic recession. GDP and its components GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is composed of government spending, consumption, business investments and net exports. It is an important indicator to measure the economic strength of a country. Economists rely on a variety of factors when predicting the future performance of the GDP. Inflation rate is one of the economic indicators providing insight into the future behavior of households, which make up a significant proportion of GDP. Projections are based on the past performance of such information. Future considerations Some factors can be more easily predicted than others. For example, projections of the annual inflation rate of the United States are easy to come by. However, the intensity and impact of something like Brexit is difficult to predict. Moreover, the occurrence and impact of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's war in Ukraine is difficult to foresee. Hence, actual GDP growth may be higher or lower than the original estimates.

Key information about European Union GDP Per Capita

• European Union Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita reached 41,541.357 USD in Dec 2023, compared with 37,990.536 USD in Dec 2022.
• EU GDP Per Capita data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1999 to Dec 2023, with an average number of -1,867.414 USD.
• The data reached an all-time high of 5,783.686 USD in Sep 2024 and a record low of -6,119.467 in Dec 2019.
• CEIC calculates GDP per Capita from quarterly Nominal GDP and annual Population and converts it into USD. Eurostat provides Nominal GDP in EUR and Population. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.

Related information about European Union GDP Per Capita data

• In the latest reports, EU GDP expanded 1.552 % YoY in Sep 2025.
• EU Nominal GDP reached 5,301.125 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 2.726 % in Jun 2025.
• Gross Savings Rate of EU was measured at 26.024 % in Jun 2025.

This dataset provides values for GDP PER CAPITA reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

As of 2025, there are **** official candidate countries for membership in the European Union, as well as Kosovo identified by the European Commission as a potential future candidate. A key element of the Copenhagen Criteria - the conditions which must be fulfilled to join the EU - is the existence of a functioning market economy in the candidate country, with the ability of the country to handle the strong competition and economic pressures which come with joining the European Single Market. While the political and administrative/institutional criteria have been considered the key stumbling block which has prevented the current candidate countries from progressing towards full membership, the current state of the economies of candidate countries is also a cause for concern. According to the most recently available data, all candidate countries have lower GDP per capita than even the poorest EU member state, Bulgaria. Ukraine, the newest candidate country, which was granted candidate status by the EU in response to Russia's invasion of the country in 2022, is the poorest candidate country, as measured by GDP per capita. This represents a serious issue, as the EU has never incorporated a country which is so far from the average economic standards of the Union. On the other hand, the chance to join the EU could provide an economic boost to Ukraine, or any other candidate country, as can be seen with the fast rising GDP per capita of countries which have joined the EU since 2004, such as Czechia, Hungary, and Poland.

Key information about European Union Nominal GDP

• European Union Nominal GDP reached 5,301.1 USD bn in Jun 2025, compared with 4,874.3 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Nominal GDP in EU is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1999 to Jun 2025, with an average number of 14.5 USD mn.
• The data reached an all-time high of 50.6 USD mn in Apr 2021 and a record low of -54.5 USD mn in Dec 2008.

CEIC converts quarterly Nominal GDP into USD. Eurostat provides Nominal GDP in EUR. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.


Related information about European Union Nominal GDP

• In the latest reports, EU GDP expanded 1.6 % YoY in Sep 2025.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 2.7 % in Jun 2025.
• EU GDP Per Capita reached 41,541.4 USD in Dec 2023.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 26.0 % in Jun 2025.
• For Nominal GDP contributions, Investment accounted for 22.0 % in Jun 2025.
• Public Consumption accounted for 21.5 % in Jun 2025.
• Private Consumption accounted for 52.4 % in Jun 2025.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in European Union was last recorded at 54290.99 US dollars in 2024, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in European Union, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 306 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - European Union GDP Per Capita Ppp - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The average for 2025 based on 40 countries was 69 index points. The highest value was in Switzerland: 84 index points and the lowest value was in Belarus: 49 index points. The indicator is available from 1995 to 2025. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

This dataset provides values for GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Key information about EU GDP Deflator Growth

• European Union GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 2.7 % in Jun 2025, compared with an increase of 2.6 % in the previous quarter.
• EU GDP Deflator Growth data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1996 to Jun 2025, with an average rate of 1.6 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 6.9 % in Mar 2023 and a record low of -0.6 % in Sep 2009.

CEIC calculates GDP Deflator Growth from quarterly GDP Deflator. Eurostat provides GDP Deflator at chain linked 2020 prices. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.


Related information about EU GDP Deflator Growth

• In the latest reports, European Union GDP expanded 1.6 % YoY in Sep 2025.
• Its Nominal GDP reached 5,301.1 USD bn in Jun 2025.
• EU GDP Per Capita reached 41,541.4 USD in Dec 2023.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 26.0 % in Jun 2025.

On the eve of the First World War in 1913, the United Kingdom was the only major Western European economy with productivity rates similar to the United States, although U.S. GDP per hour worked was still 14 percent higher. Across Western Europe, average productivity was below 60 percent of the U.S.' rate in 1914. By the end of the Second World War's recovery period in 1950, the U.S. had actually widened this gap, as it did not experience the same level of destruction that was felt across most of Western Europe, and economic output was not affected in this way. By the end of the century however, the economies of Western Europe had largely caught up with the U.S. in terms of productivity, with France even exceeding the U.S.' rate by two percent. Of the major economies in Western Europe, the United Kingdom went from having the highest productivity rates in 1913 and 1950, to having the lowest in the 1990s.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita In the Euro Area was last recorded at 38145.12 US dollars in 2024. The GDP per Capita In the Euro Area is equivalent to 302 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area GDP per capita - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Key information about EU Nominal GDP Growth

• European Union Nominal GDP Growth was reported at 4.408 % in Jun 2025.
• This records an increase from the previous number of 4.373 % for Mar 2025.
• EU Nominal GDP Growth data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 % from Mar 1996 to Jun 2025, with 118 observations.
• EU Nominal GDP Growth data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Nominal GDP: Y-o-Y Growth: Quarterly: Seasonally Adjusted.

CEIC calculates quarterly Nominal GDP Growth from quarterly Nominal GDP. Eurostat provides Nominal GDP in EUR. European Union stands for EU27 excluding UK.

Key information about European Union External Debt: % of GDP

• European Union External Debt accounted for 109.7 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2024, compared with the ratio of 110.9 % in the previous year.
• EU External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2008 to Dec 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 134.2 % in Dec 2016 and a record low of 109.7 % in Dec 2024.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly External Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. European Central Bank provides External Debt in EUR. Eurostat provides Nominal GDP in EUR. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP covers Euro Area 20. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2013 covers Euro Area 19.


Related information about European Union External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of EU, Current Account recorded a surplus of 149.6 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 11.9 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• EU Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 7.3 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 210.3 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• The country's External Debt reached 19,891,982.8 in Jun 2025.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 5,301.1 USD bn in Jun 2025.

This statistic shows the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in the Euro area from the second quarter 2020 to the second quarter 2025. In the second quarter of 2025, the GDP of the Euro area increased by 1.5 percent compared to the same quarter of the previous year.

Key information about EU External Debt

• European Union External Debt reached 19,892.0 USD bn in Jun 2025, compared with 18,347.6 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• EU External Debt: USD mn data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2008 to Jun 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 19,892.0 USD bn in Jun 2025 and a record low of 13,821.6 USD bn in Jun 2010.

CEIC converts quarterly External Debt into USD. European Central Bank provides External Debt in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. External Debt prior to Q1 2013 covers Euro Area 19.


Related information about EU External Debt

• In the latest reports of EU, Current Account recorded a surplus of 149.6 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 11.9 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• EU Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 7.3 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 210.3 USD bn in Sep 2025.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 5,301.1 USD bn in Jun 2025.

This dataset provides values for GDP PER CAPITA PPP0 reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

On the eve of the European elections, it was important to measure Europeans' perceptions of the EU's actions in the face of the economic and financial crisis. This survey, conducted between mid-January and mid-February 2009, shows a collective concern about the crisis, a demand for more coordinated actions at an EU level. There are a number of significant points to note: Europeans are very worried about the repercussions of the crisis. This anxiety, which is felt very strongly in all countries, affects all levels of the economy: global, European and national. Respondents are in favour of coordinated action to fight the crisis.

Processed data

Processed data files for the Eurobarometer surveys are published in .xlsx format.

• Volume A "Countries/EU" The file contains frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of (weighted) replies for each country or territory and for (weighted) EU results.
• Volume AP "Trends" The file compares to previous poll in (weighted) frequencies and means (or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies); shifts for each country or territory foreseen in Volume A and for (weighted) results.
• Volume AA "Groups of countries" The file contains (labelled) frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of (weighted) replies for groups of countries specified by the managing unit on the part of the EC.
• Volume AAP "Trends of groups of countries" The file contains shifts compared to the previous poll in (weighted) frequencies and means (or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies); shifts for each groups of countries foreseen in Volume AA and for (weighted) results.
• Volume B "EU/socio-demographics" The file contains (labelled) frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies for the EU as a whole (weighted) and cross-tabulated by some 20 sociodemographic, socio-political or other variables, depending on the request from the managing unit on the part of the EC or the managing department of the other contracting authorities.
• Volume BP "Trends of EU/socio-demographics" The file contains shifts compared to the previous poll in (weighted) frequencies and means (or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies); shifts for each country or territory foreseen in Volume B above)and for (weighted) results.
• Volume C "Country/socio-demographics" The file contains (labelled) weighted frequencies and means or other synthetic indicators including elementary bivariate statistics describing distribution patterns of replies for each country or territory surveyed separately and cross-tabulated by some 20 socio-demographic, socio-political or other variables (including a regional breakdown).

For SPSS files and questionnaires, please contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

Statistical annexes published with DG ECFIN's macro-economic forecasts. The statistical annex of European Economy contains the main body of macroeconomic data underlying the forecast publications of DG ECFIN. Tables are derived from AMECO, the macroeconomic working database of the Directorate General. They include long historical series and the DG's forecasts. Countries covered are EU-28, the euro area, EU Member States, candidate countries, United States and Japan.

In 1950, GDP per capita in Western Europe (29 countries) was just 48 percent of GDP per capita in the U.S. The post-war economic boom from 1950 to 1973 was the most prosperous period in Western Europe's history, and GDP per capita more than doubled in this period, reaching 69 percent of the U.S.' rate. Due to several economic crises in Europe in the following decades, growth rates in Western Europe remained relatively stable. Still, they did not reach the same heights as seen during the so-called Golden Age of Capitalism.

In contrast, the U.S. had been harder hit than Western Europe by the economic difficulties of the 1970s and 1980s, but the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 coincided with one of the most successful decades in U.S. history, with the economy thriving in the 1990s. For Western Europe, the fall of communism had a knock-on effect that limited growth in the early 1990s, although GDP per capita compared to the U.S. was fairly similar to 1973's rate (albeit lower) at 66 percent.

This dataset provides values for CURRENT ECONOMIC DATA reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.