Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices in countries like Italy are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour by February 2025, indicating persistent pressure on consumers and businesses alike. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market.

In 2024, Germany recorded the highest residential electricity price for users within Europe, at 44.11 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. This was followed by Ireland, at 36.11 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. Italy, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark and Czechia were also among the countries with the highest electricity costs.

In 2024, Ireland recorded the highest electricity prices in the European Union for non-household consumers, with prices of 20.69 and 25.56 euro cents per kilowatt-hour for annual consumption levels of 20,000 to 70,000 megawatt-hours and 500 and 2,000 megawatt-hours, respectively. Finland recorded the lowest prices in the same period.

In 2023, electricity prices for an annual consumption between 2,500 to 5,000 kilowatt-hours in the European Union were the highest for households in Germany. The nation's residences paid on average more than 40 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. In comparison, costs were the lowest in the Hungary, where households paid 11.5 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices in the European Union averaged 28.3 euro cents per kilowatt-hour in the second half of the year.

Table comparing electricity prices per kWh and their annual changes in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy, highlighting the variations across European countries. Source: Eurostat.

Germany Electricity decreased 27.86 EUR/MWh or 24.07% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Germany Electricity Price.

Ireland, Italy, and Germany had some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide, as of March 2025. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.45 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.43 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

This dataset contains average hourly, daily and monthly wholesale day-ahead electricity prices for European countries.

Hourly data is provided as a .zip file to reduce download size. This folder includes a compiled file for all countries, as well as individual files per country. The compiled dataset is larger than the Excel row limit, so will need to be extracted with some other software (e.g. Python, R, Power Query etc).

Note that these are the prices generators receive for selling electricity on the spot market. They are not the same as the prices paid by electricity consumers, which can also include taxes, levies, network charges, subsidies, and supplier profits. They also do not account for hedging. For an explanation of how spot prices are formed

Credit: Matt Ewen https://ember-climate.org/data-catalogue/european-wholesale-electricity-price-data/

Graph and download economic data for Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices: Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels for Euro Area (19 Countries) (CP0450EZ19M086NEST) from Dec 1999 to Jul 2025 about fuels, electricity, Euro Area, harmonized, gas, Europe, CPI, price index, indexes, and price.

The prices and costs for energy evolve over time depending on many different factors like the prices of inputs, market competition and market integration conditions, regulatory and policy-related costs, taxation as well as consumers’ needs and behavioural patterns.

Starting in 2014, the European Commission publishes a regular report on energy prices and costs, which takes stock of the latest trends for gas, electricity and oil prices, as well as other energy costs in Europe and internationally.

European Union Electricity Price: HC: Less Than 1000 KwH: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data was reported at 0.396 EUR/kWh in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.395 EUR/kWh for Jun 2024. European Union Electricity Price: HC: Less Than 1000 KwH: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.289 EUR/kWh from Jun 2007 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.396 EUR/kWh in Dec 2024 and a record low of 0.217 EUR/kWh in Dec 2007. European Union Electricity Price: HC: Less Than 1000 KwH: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.P001: Eurostat: Electricity Price: Household Consumers.

Italy Electricity decreased 25.16 EUR/MWh or 18.27% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Italy Electricity Price.

European Union Electricity Price: HC: Between 5000 & 14999 KwH: excl Taxes & Levies: EA data was reported at 0.207 EUR/kWh in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.215 EUR/kWh for Jun 2024. European Union Electricity Price: HC: Between 5000 & 14999 KwH: excl Taxes & Levies: EA data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.122 EUR/kWh from Jun 2007 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.241 EUR/kWh in Jun 2023 and a record low of 0.101 EUR/kWh in Jun 2008. European Union Electricity Price: HC: Between 5000 & 14999 KwH: excl Taxes & Levies: EA data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.P001: Eurostat: Electricity Price: Household Consumers.

European Union Electricity Price: NH: Less Than 20 MwH: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data was reported at 0.286 EUR/MWh in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.284 EUR/MWh for Jun 2024. European Union Electricity Price: NH: Less Than 20 MwH: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.192 EUR/MWh from Jun 2007 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.304 EUR/MWh in Jun 2023 and a record low of 0.138 EUR/MWh in Dec 2007. European Union Electricity Price: NH: Less Than 20 MwH: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.P002: Eurostat: Electricity Price: Non-Household Consumers.

This dataset presents a unified, cross-continental time-series day-ahead electricity prices compiled from major wholesale markets across Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania. The dataset offers a standardized format that supports time-series forecasting and enables robust comparative analysis across diverse global electricity markets.

Discover how energy distribution costs vary across Europe and their influence on household energy bills, with insights from the latest data analysis.

European Union Electricity Price: NH: Between 20 & 499 MwH: excl Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data was reported at 0.188 EUR/MWh in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.194 EUR/MWh for Jun 2024. European Union Electricity Price: NH: Between 20 & 499 MwH: excl Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.105 EUR/MWh from Jun 2007 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.224 EUR/MWh in Jun 2023 and a record low of 0.095 EUR/MWh in Dec 2007. European Union Electricity Price: NH: Between 20 & 499 MwH: excl Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.P002: Eurostat: Electricity Price: Non-Household Consumers.

This indicator presents electricity prices charged to final consumers. Electricity prices for non-household consumers are defined as follows: Average national price in Euro per kWh without taxes applicable for the first semester of each year for medium size industrial consumers (Consumption Band Ic with annual consumption between 500 and 2000 MWh). Electricity prices for household consumers are defined as follows: Average national price in Euro per kWh including taxes and levies applicable for the first semester of each year for medium size household consumers (Consumption Band Dc with annual consumption between 2500 and 5000 kWh).