Context

An anonymous salary survey has been conducted annually since 2015 among European IT specialists with a stronger focus on Germany. This year 1238 respondents volunteered to participate in the survey. The data has been made publicly available by the authors. The dataset contains rich information about the salary patterns among the IT professionals in the EU region and offers some great insights.

An accompanying article - IT Salary Survey December 2020 has also been published which goes deeper into the findings.

Acknowledgements 🙏🏻

Thanks to Ksenia Legostay for curating and analyzing the data. Additional thanks to Viktor Shcherban and Sergey Vasilyev for collaborating on the survey.

Explore the progression of average salaries for graduates in International And European Business from 2020 to 2023 through this detailed chart. It compares these figures against the national average for all graduates, offering a comprehensive look at the earning potential of International And European Business relative to other fields. This data is essential for students assessing the return on investment of their education in International And European Business, providing a clear picture of financial prospects post-graduation.

According to a 2020 survey conducted with fashion consumers in five countries in Europe including the United Kingdom (UK), France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, the majority of consumers were of the opinion that brands should be required by law to say if they are paying the workers who make their products a fair, living wage. Whereas the share of respondents agreeing with this statement was at ** percent in Germany, in the UK more consumers (at ** percent) found this statement important.

Analysis of ‘SALARY ENTITLEMENTS MAY 2020 ’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/ee1aaabc-fca7-4228-8daf-f1e04e1965f6 on 15 January 2022.

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SALARY ENTITLEMENTS MAY 2020

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European Union - Compensation of employees: Manufacturing was EUR358822.00 Million in March of 2025, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for European Union - Compensation of employees: Manufacturing - last updated from the EUROSTAT on June of 2025. Historically, European Union - Compensation of employees: Manufacturing reached a record high of EUR358822.00 Million in March of 2025 and a record low of EUR259521.40 Million in June of 2020.

Analysis of ‘SITUATION OF SALARY ENTITLEMENTS OCTOBER 2020 — ’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/0bcd2a8c-9170-4664-bcd6-4baf24af122f on 16 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

SITUATION OF SALARY ENTITLEMENTS OCTOBER 2020 —

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For the calculation of average gross wages, account shall be taken of: — gross salaries for regular payments (regular work, overtime and on-call work and allowances charged to the employer or other payers) — the number of employees calculated from the hours relating to the corresponding payments.

Data on average wages for 2020 are not comparable with the data of previous years, as this is a change in the methodology for calculating the average wage due to exceptional circumstances caused by the epidemic.
The data of previous years will be comparable to the data in 2020 as soon as possible.

Analysis of ‘Salary nomenclature Sept 2020 ’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/b0ac7ab2-c63b-4b97-b951-1bcf3a24c8a8 on 15 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Salary nomenclature Sept 2020

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Analysis of ‘SITUATION OF SALARY ENTITLEMENTS DECEMBER 2020 — ’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/ac174a49-e468-4efa-9a91-c2c181b5eb00 on 15 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

SITUATION OF RIGHTS DECEMBER 2020 —

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Wages in European Union increased 4.20 percent in March of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides - European Union Wage Growth- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Analysis of ‘Net salary entitlements INA March 2020 ’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/cd5e4546-a0ed-41a2-b9a6-7afa5eadc194 on 19 January 2022.

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Statement of net salary entitlements and other entitlements provided for by legislative acts of a special nature, of employees in the private sector in March 2020

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Net annual earnings for a single earner family with two children in the European Union have increased from 25,434 euros in 2013 to 33,939 euros over the period from 2013 to 2023. Net earnings received a boost during the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021, in spite of gross earnings decreasing in 2020, due to reduced taxes and increased family allowances.

Labour force survey (LFS) Purpose and short description The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a socio-economic household sample survey. Its main objective is to classify the working age population (15 and older) into three groups (employed, unemployed and inactive persons) and to provide descriptive and explanatory data on every category. This survey is also carried out in the other EU Member States and is coordinated by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In Belgium, the LFS is organised by Statbel. The objective is to obtain comparable information at European level, in particular as regards employment and unemployment rates as defined by the International Labour Office (ILO), but also to collect and disseminate data that are otherwise not available, for example about the mobility of workers, the reasons for working part-time, the various forms of part-time employment, the occupation, the educational level of the working age population, ... . Survey population Members of private households aged 15 or older. Sample frame Demographic data from the National Register. Data collection method and sample size Data are collected through face-to-face interviews. Since 2017, there have been three (shorter) follow-up surveys to which households respond online or by telephone. Households with only inactive persons older than 64 can also be interviewed by telephone. Every year, around 47,000 households receive a letter asking them to take part in this survey. Response rate The response rate is above 75%. Periodicity Quarterly Release calendar Results availability: around 3 months after the end of the reference period. Forms Labour Force Survey 2020 (PDF, 541 Kb) Labour Force Survey 2021 (PDF, 1 Mb) Definitions Unemployed (ILO): According to the criteria of the International Labour Office, the unemployed include all people aged 15 years and over who: a) were without work during the reference week b) were available for work, i.e. were available for paid employment or self-employment within two weeks after the reference week c) were actively seeking work, i.e. had taken specific steps during the last four weeks including the reference week to seek paid employment or self-employment, or who had found a job to start within a maximum period of three months. Employed population (ILO): The employed comprise all people aged 15 and over who during the reference week performed some work for at least one hour for wage or salary, or for profit, or who had a job but were temporarily absent. For example, one can be temporarily absent for holidays, illness, technical or economic reasons (temporary unemployment),....Family workers are also included in the category ‘employed’. The employed are divided into three groups according to their professional status: Employees: Employees comprise all persons aged 15 and over who during the reference period performed some work (with or without a formal contract) for at least one hour for wage or salary, or who were temporarily not at work during the reference period (because of illness, maternity leave, holidays, social conflict, weather conditions or other reasons) and had a formal attachment to their job. Non-employees: Non-employees comprise all persons who do not work for an employer and who during the reference week performed some work for at least one hour for profit or who were temporarily not at work during the reference period. This includes self-employed people (without employees) and employers (with employees) and unpaid workers. Labour force: The labour force or economically active population (15 years and older) consists of people with an occupation (persons employed) and the unemployed. Unemployment rate: The unemployment rate represents the share of unemployed people in the labour force (employed + unemployed) aged 15 to 64. Employment rate: The employment rate represents the share of employed people in a specific age group (15-64 years old, 20-64 years old,...). Economic activity rate: The economic activity rate represents the share of the labour force (employed and unemployed) in the population aged 15 to 64. Education level (3 classes): Low-skilled people are people who have at most a diploma of lower secondary education. Medium-skilled people are people who obtained a diploma of upper secondary education but not of higher education. Highly-skilled people have a diploma of higher education. Metadata Employment, unemployment, labour market (NL-FR) Labour force survey (LFS) (NL-FR) Survey methodology Modifications to the Labour Force Survey (LFS) in 2021 LFS: Methodological improvements to the Labour Force Survey 2017 (PDF, 99 Kb) LFS: Presentation of the survey until 2016 (NL-FR) LFS: Presentation of the survey from 2017 (NL-FR) Regulations Royal Decree of 10 January 1999 on the organisation of a labour force sample survey (NL-FR) Royal decree amending the royal decree of 10 January 1999 on the organisation of a labour force sample survey (NL-FR)

As of 2023, the average annual wage of Germany was 48,301 euros per year, a growth of almost 6,000 Euros when compared with 2000. From 2000 until 2007, wages rose by less than a thousand euros, with wage growth accelerating mainly in the period after 2010. Comparisons with rest of the EU Within the European Union Luxembourg had an average annual salary of almost 80 thousand Euros, with Germany having an annual salary comparable to other large European Countries, such as the United Kingdom and France. In neighboring Poland, the average annual salary was just over 39 thousand U.S dollars, meaning that German’s earned, on average, 20 percent more than what their Polish counterparts did. German economy slowing in 2023 While Germany initially had one of the strongest recoveries from the 2008 financial crash and as of 2020 had the largest economy in Europe its economy has started to slow in recent years. For 2023 the German economy is contracted by 0.26 percent, and while 2024 marked a slight improvement, the expectations are that 2025 remains a year of slow growth.

The situation of net salary rights and other rights provided by normative acts with a special character, of employees in their own apparatus in September 2020

Explore the progression of average salaries for graduates in East European Studies Romanian from 2020 to 2023 through this detailed chart. It compares these figures against the national average for all graduates, offering a comprehensive look at the earning potential of East European Studies Romanian relative to other fields. This data is essential for students assessing the return on investment of their education in East European Studies Romanian, providing a clear picture of financial prospects post-graduation.

Salary rights situation January 2020

These data are based on data collected as part of the national data collection operation on the professional integration of graduates of vocational licenses.

2 new indicators were added for the 2020 session:

Employment rate: share of employed graduates among all active (employment or research) or inactive graduates

Rate of paid employment in France: share of graduates in paid employment in France among all active (employment or research) or inactive graduates

This investigation was conducted

• in December 2022, 18 and 30 months after graduation, among the graduates of the Professional License of the 2020 session;
• in December 2021, 18 and 30 months after graduation, among the graduates of the 2019 Professional License session;
• in December 2020, 18 and 30 months after graduation, among the 2018 Professional License graduates;
• in December 2019, 18 and 30 months after graduation, among the graduates of the Professional License of the 2017 session;
• in December 2018, 18 and 30 months after graduation, among the graduates of the Professional License of the 2016 session;

• in December 2017, 18 and 30 months after graduation, among the graduates of the Professional License of the 2015 session;

• in December 2016, 18 and 30 months after graduation, among the graduates of the Professional License of the 2014 session;

• in December 2015, 18 and 30 months after graduation, among the graduates of the Professional License of the 2013 session.

The insertion rate is defined as the percentage of graduates in any job out of all graduates in the labour market. It is calculated on graduates of French nationality, from initial training, who entered the labour market immediately and permanently after graduation in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 or 2020.

The information collected on the salary relates to the net salary, including bonuses. The wages displayed correspond to the median values on full-time jobs. On the basis of these values, an annual gross salary is estimated, on the basis of a flat rate of change from net to gross of 1.3 (average data on private sector salaries).

The survey was carried out by universities under a charter whose provisions aim to ensure comparability of results between institutions. The overall coordination and operation of the survey is the responsibility of the Ministry of Higher Education and Research.

Sources of additional data:

% of graduate scholarship holders: observed data on the population of the labour market integration survey.

Regional unemployment rate: INSEE - 4th quarter 2015 for the 2013 session, INSEE - 1st quarter 2017 for the 2014, 4th quarter 2017 for the 2015, 4th quarter 2018 for the 2016, 4th quarter 2019 for the 2017, 4th quarter 2020 for the 2018, 4th quarter 2021 for the 2019, 4th quarter 2022 for the 2020 session.

Regional median monthly net salary: INSEE DADS 2013 for the session 2013, INSEE DADS 2014 for the session 2014, INSEE DADS 2015 for the session 2015, INSEE DADS 2016 for the session 2016, INSEE DADS 2017 for the session 2017, INSEE DADS 2018 for the session 2018, INSEE DADS 2019 for the session 2019, INSEE DADS 2020 for the session 2020 for 25-29 year olds employed full-time in the socio-professional categories "Frames and higher intellectual professions" and "Intermediate professions.

Legend: nd = not available (no respondents) ns = not significant (number of respondents less than 30).

Source: 18- and 30-month job placement survey of university graduates 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020.

Collection: survey carried out by universities, treatments and synthesis carried out by MESR-SIES

Field: graduates of professional bachelor’s degrees 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 from universities in metropolitan France and the French overseas departments (excluding Paris-Dauphine and Gustave Eiffel University (for 2020 graduates)), of French nationality, from initial training, who entered the labour market immediately and permanently after graduation.

Average monthly salary iin the municipalities by activity, extent of employment, sex, observations and year Authority responsible for statistics (SAM): Medlingsinstitutet

According to a recent survey conducted with fashion consumers in five European countries including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, the share of consumers who thought buying clothing that was produced locally was important varied between ** percent in Italy and ** percent in Spain. Local, environmental, and fair The same survey also revealed that concerns about the environmental impact of the fashion industry sometimes deterred consumers from purchasing clothing items. About a quarter of Spanish consumers tried not to buy clothing items due to concerns about their environmental impact. European consumers were also overwhelmingly in favor of fashion brands’ responsibility in publishing their social and environmental policies. Sustainable fashion purchases: drivers and barriers Recent consumer awareness about making sustainable choices in their purchases has led fashion retailers to invest in making environmentally friendly products more available. However, compared with fast fashion products, which are cheaper with shorter life cycles, eco-friendly products are often more costly. According to the findings of Statista’s Global Consumer Survey 2020, US consumers were generally willing to pay extra for sustainable fashion items, associating them with being of better quality as well as eco-friendly. That said, when thinking about reasons for not buying them, consumers gave “high prices” as the leading barrier to buying sustainable fashion.