• E: Be aware that the downloadable file is a highly anonymized version. If you notice (after the download) that this data file is not sufficient for your purpose, you can ask for the complete anonymized data file by sending an e-mail to dataservice@fors.unil.ch. This version is available with prior agreement of authors only. When asking for this file, you will need to argue why the highly anonymized version is not sufficient for your intended use.

• D: Wir möchten Sie darauf hinweisen, dass es sich bei diesem Datensatz um stark anonymisierte Daten handelt. Falls Sie nach dem Download bemerken sollten, dass diese Version Ihren Analysevorhaben nicht genügt, können Sie per E-Mail an dataservice@fors.unil.ch die kompletten Daten in anonymisierter Form anfordern. Diese sind ausschliesslich nach Zustimmung der Autoren/innen erhältlich. Um diese kompletteren Daten anzufragen, werden Sie gebeten zu begründen, weshalb die stark anonymisierten Daten für Ihr Vorhaben nicht genügen.

• F : Nous attirons l’attention des chercheurs·euses sur le fait qu’il s'agit d'une version hautement anonymisée des données de cette étude. Si, après téléchargement, celle-ci ne devait pas suffire à vos besoins, vous pouvez faire une demande par e-mail à dataservice@fors.unil.ch pour la version anonymisée complète, disponible uniquement avec accord préalable des auteur·e·s. Vous devrez alors exposer pourquoi la version hautement anonymisée ne suffit pas pour réaliser votre projet.

E: Be aware that a highly anonymized version of this datafile is freely available for download on Nesstar (see Nesstar link below, or http://fors-getdata.unil.ch). If the Nesstar datafile is not sufficient for your purpose, you can ask for the complete anonymized datafile here on FORSbase, available with prior agreement of authors only. When asking for this file, you will need to argue why the highly anonymized version is not sufficient for your intended use. // F : Nous attirons l’attention des chercheurs sur le fait qu’une version hautement anonymisée des données de cette étude est librement accessible sur Nesstar (voir lien Nesstar ci-dessous, ou http://fors-getdata.unil.ch). Si celle-ci ne devait pas correspondre à vos besoins, vous pouvez faire une demande ici pour la version anonymisée complète, disponible uniquement avec accord préalable des auteurs. Vous devrez alors exposer pourquoi la version hautement anonymisée de Nesstar ne suffit pas pour réaliser votre projet.

E: Be aware that the downloadable file is a highly anonymized version. If you notice (after the download) that this data file is not sufficient for your purpose, you can ask for the complete anonymized data file by sending an e-mail to dataservice@fors.unil.ch. This version is available with prior agreement of authors only. When asking for this file, you will need to argue why the highly anonymized version is not sufficient for your intended use.

D: Wir möchten Sie darauf hinweisen, dass es sich bei diesem Datensatz um stark anonymisierte Daten handelt. Falls Sie nach dem Download bemerken sollten, dass diese Version Ihren Analysevorhaben nicht genügt, können Sie per E-Mail an dataservice@fors.unil.ch die kompletten Daten in anonymisierter Form anfordern. Diese sind ausschliesslich nach Zustimmung der Autoren erhältlich. Um diese kompletteren Daten anzufragen, werden Sie gebeten zu begründen, weshalb die stark anonymisierten Daten für Ihr Vorhaben nicht genügen.

F : Nous attirons l’attention des chercheurs sur le fait qu’il s'agit d'une version hautement anonymisée des données de cette étude. Si, après téléchargement, celle-ci ne devait pas suffire à vos besoins, vous pouvez faire une demande par e-mail à dataservice@fors.unil.ch pour la version anonymisée complète, disponible uniquement avec accord préalable des auteurs. Vous devrez alors exposer pourquoi la version hautement anonymisée ne suffit pas pour réaliser votre projet.

The European Values Study is a large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey research program on how Europeans think about family, work, religion, politics, and society. Repeated every nine years in an increasing number of countries, the survey provides insights into the ideas, beliefs, preferences, attitudes, values, and opinions of citizens all over Europe.

As previous waves conducted in 1981, 1990, 1999, 2008, the fifth EVS wave maintains a persistent focus on a broad range of values. Questions are highly comparable across waves and regions, making EVS suitable for research aimed at studying trends over time.

The new wave has seen a strengthening of the methodological standards. The full release of the EVS 2017 includes data and documentation of altogether 37 participating countries. For more information, please go to the EVS website.

Morale, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friends and acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion; happiness; self-assessment of own health; memberships in voluntary organisations (religious or church organisations, cultural activities, trade unions, political parties or groups, environment, ecology, animal rights, professional associations, sports, recreation, or other groups, none); active or inactive membership of humanitarian or charitable organisation, consumer organisation, self-help group or mutual aid; voluntary work in the last six months; tolerance towards minorities (people of a different race, heavy drinkers, immigrants, foreign workers, drug addicts, homosexuals, Christians, Muslims, Jews, and gypsies - social distance); trust in people; estimation of people´s fair and helpful behavior; internal or external control; satisfaction with life; importance of educational goals: desirable qualities of children.

1. Work: attitude towards work (job needed to develop talents, receiving money without working is humiliating, people turn lazy not working, work is a duty towards society, work always comes first); importance of selected aspects of occupational work; give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men over women in jobs.

2. Religion and morale: religious denomination; current and former religious denomination; current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; self-assessment of religiousness; belief in God, life after death, hell, heaven, and re-incarnation; personal god vs. spirit or life force; importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scale); frequency of prayers; morale attitudes (scale: claiming state benefits without entitlement, cheating on taxes, taking soft drugs, accepting a bribe, homosexuality, abortion, divorce, euthanasia, suicide, paying cash to avoid taxes, casual sex, avoiding fare on public transport, prostitution, in-vitro fertilization, political violence, death penalty).

3. Family: trust in family; most important criteria for a successful marriage or partnership (faithfulness, adequate income, good housing, sharing household chores, children, time for friends and personal hobbies); marriage is an outdated institution; attitude towards traditional understanding of one´s role of man and woman in occupation and family (gender roles); homosexual couples are as good parents as other couples; duty towards society to have children; responsibility of adult children for their parents when they are in need of long-term care; to make own parents proud is a main goal in life.

4. Politics and society: political interest; political participation; preference for individual freedom or social equality; self-assessment on a left-right continuum (10-point-scale) (left-right self-placement); individual vs. state responsibility for providing; take any job vs. right to refuse job when unemployed; competition good vs. harmful for people; equal incomes vs. incentives for individual effort; private vs. government ownership of business and industry; postmaterialism (scale); most important aims of the country for the next ten years; willingness to fight for the country; expectation of future development (less importance placed on work and greater respect for authority); trust in institutions; essential characteristics of democracy; importance of democracy for the respondent; rating democracy in own country; satisfaction with the political system in the country; preferred type of political system (strong leader, expert decisions, army should ...

Probability: Multistage; Sampling Procedure Comment: Two-stage disproportionate stratified cluster sample (First step: disproportionate random sample of schools; second step: random sample of classes within schools. All students within classes were included in the datacollection).

More detailed information on the sampling procedure and sample design can be found in the Technical Report of the first wave.

The number of Facebook users in Central & Western Europe was forecast to decrease between 2024 and 2028 by in total 29.8 million users. This overall decrease does not happen continuously, notably not in 2026 and 2027. The Facebook user base is estimated to amount to 192.47 million users in 2028. Notably, the number of Facebook users of was continuously increasing over the past years.User figures, shown here regarding the platform facebook, have been estimated by taking into account company filings or press material, secondary research, app downloads and traffic data. They refer to the average monthly active users over the period and count multiple accounts by persons only once.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of Facebook users in countries like Eastern Europe and Russia.

Data documentation and codebook: "Ask the experts? A Delphi survey of immigration to the European Union in 2030." Please download all the files. See an overview of the data and files in the html file "Readme-and-Codebook.html" with your browser. Please open the R project file "Migration scenarios.R" first to replicate graphs and analysis. This will assure that you can run the scripts smoothly. Run the scripts for each of the figures and tables inside the "script" folder.

This survey assesses the attitudes and opinions of people in the EU on cultural heritage. It is the first EU-wide survey to be conducted on this topic. It investigates people's personal involvement with cultural heritage and the perceived importance and values they attach to Europe’s cultural heritage. It also looks into the perceptions of the impact of cultural heritage on tourism and jobs, and responsibilities when it comes to protecting heritage in Europe. You can download a report analysing results for the whole of the EU, as well as factsheets summarising the results for each of the 28 EU Member States.

The results by volumes are distributed as follows:

• Volume A: Countries
• Volume AA: Groups of countries
• Volume A' (AP): Trends
• Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries
• Volume B: EU/socio-demographics
• Volume B' (BP) : Trends of EU/ socio-demographics
• Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

The number of Instagram users in Central & Western Europe was forecast to increase between 2024 and 2028 by in total 4.5 million users (+3.52 percent). This overall increase does not happen continuously, notably not in 2028. The Instagram user base is estimated to amount to 132.21 million users in 2028. Notably, the number of Instagram users of was continuously increasing over the past years.User figures, shown here with regards to the platform instagram, have been estimated by taking into account company filings or press material, secondary research, app downloads and traffic data. They refer to the average monthly active users over the period and count multiple accounts by persons only once.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of Instagram users in countries like Eastern Europe and Northern Europe.

The dataset comprises the mass survey data (.sav) and codebook (.doc) for EUREQUAL.

The fundamental aim of Eurequal has been to create and disseminate knowledge about the character and consequences of social inequality in post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) that will facilitate the achievement of greater social equality between individuals, social cohesiveness in societies, democratic and market development, and the broader integration of Europe. To achieve this aim, we focused on the following concrete research objectives:

1. Measuring and characterising patterns of social inequality in CEE and how these may have changed over the past decade

2. Characterising the factors at the individual and household levels that are most associated with social inequality

3. Characterising the economic, political and institutional arrangements of states that have the greatest positive and negative impact on social inequality

4. Investigating the consequences of social inequality for individual and household economic behaviour, in particular for intra and inter-generational social mobility, and how this may have changed over time

5. Characterising the consequences of social inequality for political attitudes, especially towards other social groups, and for political behaviour

6. Analysing the consequences of social inequality for economic growth, democratic consolidation and international integration

In pursuit of these objectives, the consortium undertook the following empirical data collection.

• Desk research – the state of the social inequality in each of the 13 countries of focus: this research is available for download at http://eurequal.politics.ox.ac.uk/papers/

• Focus groups – these were conducted involving citizens in 10 of the countries of research focus. The focus groups asked people to discuss their experience of social inequality, its importance to them as an issue, their explanation for why social inequality exists and whether it ought to, their view of what might be done about it and by whom. As planned, the focus groups were used to amend and develop the questionnaires in subsequent surveys of citizens and of experts on political parties. Considerable effort was expended on translating transcripts from multiple languages into English, and comparative research is underway, with results and papers to available on the Project web-site.

• Surveys of citizens – national probability surveys were conducted in 13 countries on issues connected with the economic, social, and political behaviour and situation of respondents, as well as their attitudes towards inequality, welfare and redistributive policies, and other social and political issues that may explain or be associated with positions on social inequality. The surveys followed a common format across all countries to allow for maximum comparability of results.

• Study of the stances of political parties towards social inequality – this activity was undertaken via a survey of experts (a method that has been validated in CEE and other contexts) on the parties of 13 countries. The experts were asked to say where parties stand on issues, and how much importance they ascribe to these issues in their appeals to the public. The main issues of concern include social inequality in general, various specific redistributive policies, and other social, economic and political questions - including European Union integration - that may be associated with social inequality by parties.

• Collection and integration of national level economic, political and social data. These were then integrated into the citizen and party-level data sets to allow for consideration of the impact of national levels factors on individual and party level outcomes.

Considerable progress has been made in using all the empirical data collected by the Eurequal to address the main questions set out for investigation. All Consortium members have been involved in aspects of analysis, and the team of analysts has expanded to include established academics as well as advanced research students. We note that the extensive and complex nature of the data, and indeed the complex research questions we address, will ensure that analysis continues well beyond the formal completion of the project.

Abstract

The World Values Survey (WVS) is an international research program devoted to the scientific and academic study of social, political, economic, religious and cultural values of people in the world. The project’s goal is to assess which impact values stability or change over time has on the social, political and economic development of countries and societies. The project grew out of the European Values Study and was started in 1981 by its Founder and first President (1981-2013) Professor Ronald Inglehart from the University of Michigan (USA) and his team, and since then has been operating in more than 120 world societies. The main research instrument of the project is a representative comparative social survey which is conducted globally every 5 years. Extensive geographical and thematic scope, free availability of survey data and project findings for broad public turned the WVS into one of the most authoritative and widely-used cross-national surveys in the social sciences. At the moment, WVS is the largest non-commercial cross-national empirical time-series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed.

The project’s overall aim is to analyze people’s values, beliefs and norms in a comparative cross-national and over-time perspective. To reach this aim, project covers a broad scope of topics from the field of Sociology, Political Science, International Relations, Economics, Public Health, Demography, Anthropology, Social Psychology and etc. In addition, WVS is the only academic study which covers the whole scope of global variations, from very poor to very rich societies in all world’s main cultural zones.

The WVS combines two institutional components. From one side, WVS is a scientific program and social research infrastructure that explores people’s values and beliefs. At the same time, WVS comprises an international network of social scientists and researchers from 120 world countries and societies. All national teams and individual researchers involved into the implementation of the WVS constitute the community of Principal Investigators (PIs). All PIs are members of the WVS.

The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. The WVS findings have proved to be valuable for policy makers seeking to build civil society and stable political institutions in developing countries. The WVS data is also frequently used by governments around the world, scholars, students, journalists and international organizations such as the World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the United Nations Headquarters in New York (USA). The WVS data has been used in thousands of scholarly publications and the findings have been reported in leading media such as Time, Newsweek, The New York Times, The Economist, the World Development Report, the World Happiness Report and the UN Human Development Report.

The World Values Survey Association is governed by the Executive Committee, the Scientific Advisory Committee, and the General Assembly, under the terms of the Constitution.

Strategic goals for the 7th wave included:

Expansion of territorial coverage from 60 countries in WVS-6 to 80 in WVS-7; Deepening collaboration within the international development community; Deepening collaboration within NGOs, academic institutions and research foundations; Updating the WVS-7 questionnaire with new topics & items covering new social phenomena and emerging processes of value change; Expanding the 7th wave WVS with data useful for monitoring the SDGs; Expanding capacity and resources for survey fieldwork in developing countries. The 7th wave continued monitoring cultural values, attitudes and beliefs towards gender, family, and religion; attitudes and experience of poverty; education, health, and security; social tolerance and trust; attitudes towards multilateral institutions; cultural differences and similarities between regions and societies. In addition, the WVS-7 questionnaire has been elaborated with the inclusion of such new topics as the issues of justice, moral principles, corruption, accountability and risk, migration, national security and global governance.

For more information on the history of the WVSA, visit https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp ›Who we are › History of the WVSA.

Geographic coverage

Germany.

The WVS has just completed wave 7 data that comprises 64 surveys conducted in 2017-2022. With 64 countries and societies around the world and more than 80,000 respondents, this is the latest resource made available for the research community.

The WVS-7 survey was launched in January 2017 with Bolivia becoming the first country to conduct WVS-7. In the course of 2017 and 2018, WVS-7 has been conducted in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Andorra, Greece, Serbia, Romania, Turkey, Russia, Germany, Thailand, Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Pakistan, Egypt, Jordan, Nigeria, Iraq and over dozen of other world countries. Geographic coverage has also been expanded to several new countries included into the WVS for the first time, such as Bolivia, Greece, Macao SAR, Maldives, Myanmar, Nicaragua, and Tajikistan.

Analysis unit

Household, Individual

Sampling procedure

The sample type preferable for using in the World Values Survey is a full probability sample of the population aged 18 years and older. A detailed description of the sampling methodology is provided in the country specific sample design documentation available for download from WVS.

A detailed description of the sampling methodology is provided in the Germany 2018 sample design documentation available for download from WVS and also from the Downloads section of the metadata.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The survey was fielded in the following language(s): German. The questionnaire is available for download from the WVS website.

The EU LGBTI II survey was carried out by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) in 2019. It is a large-scale survey into experiences and views of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) individuals. The survey provides comparative evidence on how LGBTI persons in the EU experience discrimination, violence and harassment in different areas of life, including employment, education, healthcare, housing and other services.

The EU LGBTI II survey is a follow-up of the first–ever major international survey on LGBT people, which the Agency conducted in 2012. The EU LGBTI II survey is a follow-up to the first major international survey of LGBT people conducted by the Agency in 2012. The EU LGBTI II survey is a web-based opt-in survey using an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey is based on a self-selective sample. The survey was conducted between 27 May and 22 July 2019 via the website www.lgbtisurvey.eu and collected valid responses from 139,799 respondents from the Member States of the European Union (EU), Northern Macedonia and Serbia (in this context, the United Kingdom is included in the group of EU Member States, reflecting the situation at the time of data collection in 2019). Following an EU-wide open call for tenders, the FRA contracted a consortium of Agilis SA (http://www.agilis-sa.gr/) and Homoevolution (https://homoevolution.com/), based in Greece, to carry out the survey according to the FRA´s technical specifications and under the supervision of FRA staff who monitored compliance with strict quality control procedures.

The EU LGBTI II survey asked a number of questions about the experiences of LGBTI people in the following areas: (1) Perceived increase or decrease in intolerance, prejudice and violence against LGBTI people; (2) Discrimination at work, looking for work and in several other areas of life; (3) Safe environment; (4) Physical or sexual victimisation; (5) Harassment; (6) Social context of being LGBTI; (7) Background information (age, education, income, civil status); (8) Specific sections dedicated to issues related to the life of trans as well as intersex persons.

1. Sexual orientation and sexual behaviour: to whom is the respondent sexually attracted; sex of sexual partners in the last five years; country of current residence and length of stay; citizen of the country; citizenship; country of birth; age at realisation of sexual orientation; age at first outing.

2. Trans respondents: Age at realisation that feelings about one´s own sex do not match the sex assigned at birth; age at first outing; measures taken to change body to better match one´s own sex identity and age at first intervention; reasons why no measures were taken to change body; medical treatment abroad to change one´s appearance, including buying hormones via the internet; avoiding expressing one´s own sex (or desired sex) by means of appearance and clothing for fear of being attacked, threatened or harassed; changing one´s legal sex; reasons for not changing one´s legal sex so far.

3. Intersexual respondents: type of existing variants of sexual characteristics or treatment for them; diagnosis of variants of sexual characteristics by health professionals; time of diagnosis (before birth, at birth, in childhood, adolescence or at a later age); time of first diagnosis in adolescence or at a later age; age at first realisation of variants of one´s own sexual characteristics; age at first outing; medical treatment to change sexual characteristics; age at first medical treatment; age at first medical treatment; consent given to treatment; type of treatment; informing the interviewee or his/her parents about possible positive or negative consequences; difficulties in registering civil status or sex in public documents; nature of difficulties; greatest difficulties encountered by intersexuals in the country.

4. Developments and responses to homophobia, transphobia, biphobia and intersex phobia: perceived increase or decrease in intolerance, prejudice and violence against LGBTI persons in the country over the last five years; main reasons for decrease or increase in prejudice and intolerance or violence; effectiveness of government action in combating prejudice and intolerance

5. Discrimination at work, when looking for work and in various other areas of life: Experience of discrimination in different spheres of life; situation at the time of the most recent discrimination; reasons for discriminat...

The European Values Study (EVS) and the World Values Survey (WVS) are two large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey research programmes. They include a large number of questions on moral, religious, social, political, occupational and family values which have been replicated since the early eighties.

Both organizations agreed to cooperate in joint data collection from 2017. EVS has been responsible for planning and conducting surveys in European countries, using the EVS questionnaire and EVS methodological guidelines. WVSA has been responsible for planning and conducting surveys in countries in the world outside Europe, using the WVS questionnaire and WVS methodological guidelines. Both organisations developed their draft master questionnaires independently. The joint items define the Common Core of both questionnaires.

The Joint EVS/WVS is constructed from the two EVS and WVS source datasets: - European Values Study 2017 Integrated Dataset (EVS 2017), ZA7500 Data file Version 5.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.13897 (https://doi.org/10.4232/1.13897). Haerpfer, C., Inglehart, R., Moreno,A., Welzel,C., Kizilova,K., Diez-Medrano J., M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin & B. Puranen et al. (eds.). 2024. World Values Survey: Round Seven–Country-Pooled Datafile. Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat. Version. 6.0.0, doi:10.14281/18241.24.

The study is a panel survey of adolescents designed to study the complex causal mechanism of structural, social, and cultural integration of adolescents with migration background. The data of three waves are currently available.

The data set of the first wave includes surveys of students and parents. It enables studying processes of intergenerational transmission and integration. The survey covers topics of (1) cognitive-cultural integration), (2) structural integration, (3) social integration, (4) emotional-cultural integration, and (5) health and wellbeing. In addition there is (6) detailed information about migration experience and demographics.

Furthermore, the cognitive-cultural integration on the basis of (1) language proficiency tests (measuring linguistic skills) and (2) a cognitive skills test (measurement of intelligence) was measured.

In addition, two aspects of social integration were measured: (1) social integration outside the class context by means of egocentric networks and (2) social integration within the class context by means of a sociometric questionnaire.

The data set of the second wave includes re-interviews with students from the first wave. In addition, in the Netherlands students were interviewed who were not part of the first sample (newcomers). These students were integrated in the school classes between the survey waves. The main questionnaire and the social integration within the class context (sociometric questionnaire) were measured repeatedly.

The data set of the third wave includes re-interviews with students from the first wave or the second wave. Additionally, 10 students are included who were part of the class list of the first wave, and therefore form part of the first wave’s target population, but were absent at the days of the school surveys in wave 1 and wave 2.

The main questionnaire was measured repeatedly.

In addition, two aspects of social integration were measured: (1) social integration outside the class context by means of egocentric networks and (2) social integration within the class context by means of a sociometric questionnaire (only in NL).

The survey instrument includes country-specific variations. The questionnaire also varies between various modules. For more information, see the study documentation.

Cognitive-cultural integration: language (objective measures of proficiency in the host country’s language, self-assessed knowledge of L1, self-assessed knowledge of L2, language use, language spoken at home); measurement of cognitive skills; leisure time activities (memberships, leisure time activities); number of books at home.

Structural Integration: School performance (self-assessment, grades, setting system, school type, repeating classes, private lessons); attitudes towards school (favourite subjects, educational aspirations, self-efficacy, anti-school norms, efforts in school, value of education, status maintenance motive, teacher support, satisfaction with school, success probabilities, perceived association between educational and occupational success, expected discrimination, financial restrictions, educational costs); economic situation (side job, pocket money, possessions, expected development of own economic situation); deviant behaviour and delinquency (school-related problem behaviour, delinquent behaviour).

Social Integration: Sociometric information within classrooms; strong ties (ethnic background of friends); contact person in case of problems; person one is having trouble with; weak ties (in school, neighbourhood, clubs/associations); discrimination (victimisation in school, perceived discrimination); attitudes towards other ethnic groups; romantic relationships (characteristics of partner and relationship, expectations about the future of the relationship), family relations (parental support, parent-child contact, family cohesion, parental expectations, family conflict, embeddedness/influence of parents).

Emotional-cultural Integration: Identity (with respect to host, respectively sending country, importance of ethnic identity); attitudes towards integration; religion (religious affiliation, importance of religion, religious practices); attitudes and norms (gender roles, violence legitimizing norms of masculinity, tolerance).

Health and well-being: Personality and psychological well-being (life satisfaction, self-esteem, behavioural problems, self-control); health (general health status, health problems, sleeping behaviour, w...