The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest stock exchange in the world, with an equity market capitalization of almost ** trillion U.S. dollars as of June 2025. The following three exchanges were the NASDAQ, PINK Exchange, and the Frankfurt Exchange. What is a stock exchange? A stock exchange is a marketplace where stockbrokers, traders, buyers, and sellers can trade in equities products. The largest exchanges have thousands of listed companies. These companies sell shares of their business, giving the general public the opportunity to invest in them. The oldest stock exchange worldwide is the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, founded in the late sixteenth century. Other functions of a stock exchange Since these are publicly traded companies, every firm listed on a stock exchange has had an initial public offering (IPO). The largest IPOs can raise billions of dollars in equity for the firm involved. Related to stock exchanges are derivatives exchanges, where stock options, futures contracts, and other derivatives can be traded.

The National Stock Exchange of India cemented its place as the largest derivatives exchange in the world in 2023. Mumbai-based NSE traded nearly ** billion derivatives contracts in 2023, followed by the Brazilian exchange, B3, with *** billion contracts. What is a derivative? A derivative is a financial instrument that is based on an underlying asset, such as an equity, commodity, or currency. It can be traded over-the-counter or on an exchange. The most common types of derivatives are futures, options, forwards and swaps. How large is the derivative market? There are billions of derivatives traded globally every year. The largest markets for derivatives trading are Asia Pacific and North America. Currency options and futures alone contribute hundreds of millions of dollars in volume to the largest exchanges. Much of this volume is due to large corporations trying to hedge risk. For example, an international corporation may invest in a currency derivative to ensure that it can buy a particular currency at or below a certain price at some point in the future, protecting against an unfavorable shift in the exchange rate.

Germany's main stock market index, the DE40, fell to 23561 points on August 1, 2025, losing 2.10% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has declined 0.96%, though it remains 33.40% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Germany. Germany Stock Market Index (DE40) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Income-Before-Tax Time Series for Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited. Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited, a commodity derivatives exchange, provides a platform to facilitate online trading of commodity derivatives in India. It offers iCOMDEX, a real-time commodity futures price indices; and trades in bullion, industrial metals, energy, and agricultural commodities. The company also provides trade clearing and settlement services; and data feed subscription and membership services. It has strategic alliances, and consultancy and collaboration agreements with various exchanges, such as CME Group, Dalian Commodity Exchange, London Metal Exchange, European Energy Exchange AG, Taiwan Futures Exchange, and Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange, Jakarta Futures Exchange, and Chittagong Stock Exchange Limited. The company was incorporated in 2002 and is based in Mumbai, India.

TTF Gas rose to 35.31 EUR/MWh on July 31, 2025, up 0.84% from the previous day. Over the past month, TTF Gas's price has risen 4.18%, but it is still 4.49% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. EU Natural Gas TTF - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

On July 28, 2025, the Brent crude oil price stood at 69.68 U.S. dollars per barrel, compared to 66.71 U.S. dollars for WTI oil and 70.98 U.S. dollars for the OPEC basket. Brent and OPEC prices rose slightly that week, while WTI prices fell.Europe's Brent crude oil, the U.S. WTI crude oil, and OPEC's basket are three of the most important benchmarks used by traders as reference for oil and gasoline prices. Lowest ever oil prices during coronavirus pandemic In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic resulted in crude oil prices hitting a major slump as oil demand drastically declined following lockdowns and travel restrictions. Initial outlooks and uncertainty surrounding the course of the pandemic brought about a disagreement between two of the largest oil producers, Russia and Saudi Arabia, in early March. Bilateral talks between global oil producers ended in agreement on April 13th, with promises to cut petroleum output and hopes rising that these might help stabilize the oil price in the coming weeks. However, with storage facilities and oil tankers quickly filling up, fears grew over where to store excess oil, leading to benchmark prices seeing record negative prices between April 20 and April 22, 2020. How crude oil prices are determined As with most commodities, crude oil prices are impacted by supply and demand, as well as inventories and market sentiment. However, as oil is most often traded in future contracts (where a contract is agreed upon while product delivery will follow in the next two to three months), market speculation is one of the principal determinants for oil prices. Traders make conclusions on how production output and consumer demand will likely develop over the coming months, leaving room for uncertainty. Spot prices differ from futures in so far as they reflect the current market price of a commodity.

In 2024, the price of natural gas in Europe reached 11 constant U.S. dollars per million British thermal units, compared with 2.2 U.S. dollars in the U.S. This was a notable decrease compared to the previous year, which had seen a steep increase in prices due to an energy supply shortage exacerbated by the Russia-Ukraine war. Since 1980, natural gas prices have typically been higher in Europe than in the United States and are expected to remain so for the coming two years. This is due to the U.S. being a significantly larger natural gas producer than Europe. What is natural gas and why is it gaining ground in the energy market? Natural gas is commonly burned in power plants with combustion turbines that generate electricity or used as a heating fuel. Given the fact that the world’s energy demand continues to grow, natural gas was seen by some industry leaders as an acceptable "bridge-fuel" to overcome the use of more emission-intensive energy sources such as coal. Subsequently, natural gas has become the main fuel for electricity generation in the U.S., while the global gas power generation share has reached over 22 percent. How domestic production shapes U.S. natural gas prices The combination of hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) and horizontal drilling can be regarded as one of the oil and gas industry’s biggest breakthroughs in decades, with the U.S. being the largest beneficiary. This technology has helped the industry release unprecedented quantities of gas from deposits, mainly shale and tar sands that were previously thought either inaccessible or uneconomic. It is forecast that U.S. shale gas production could reach 36 trillion cubic feet in 2050, up from 1.77 trillion cubic feet in 2000.

EU Carbon Permits fell to 72.66 EUR on July 31, 2025, down 0.27% from the previous day. Over the past month, EU Carbon Permits's price has risen 2.95%, and is up 2.09% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for EU Carbon Permits.

Coffee fell to 292.65 USd/Lbs on July 30, 2025, down 1.60% from the previous day. Over the past month, Coffee's price has fallen 0.76%, but it is still 28.08% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Coffee - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Corn rose to 394.77 USd/BU on August 1, 2025, up 0.19% from the previous day. Over the past month, Corn's price has fallen 8.03%, and is down 2.10% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Corn - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Wheat fell to 519.22 USd/Bu on July 31, 2025, down 0.86% from the previous day. Over the past month, Wheat's price has fallen 5.42%, and is down 2.40% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Wheat - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Butter rose to 7,205 EUR/T on July 31, 2025, up 0.35% from the previous day. Over the past month, Butter's price has fallen 2.38%, and is down 0.62% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Butter.

Lumber fell to 690.67 USD/1000 board feet on July 31, 2025, down 0.12% from the previous day. Over the past month, Lumber's price has risen 11.49%, and is up 37.84% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Lumber - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Coal rose to 115.15 USD/T on July 31, 2025, up 0.09% from the previous day. Over the past month, Coal's price has risen 3.00%, but it is still 19.22% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Coal - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Soybeans fell to 962.50 USd/Bu on July 31, 2025, down 0.54% from the previous day. Over the past month, Soybeans's price has fallen 6.07%, and is down 5.83% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Soybeans - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Aluminum fell to 2,588.10 USD/T on July 31, 2025, down 0.73% from the previous day. Over the past month, Aluminum's price has fallen 0.54%, but it is still 12.72% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Aluminum - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Cocoa rose to 8,390.48 USD/T on July 31, 2025, up 2.24% from the previous day. Over the past month, Cocoa's price has fallen 4.01%, but it is still 11.20% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Cocoa - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Steel fell to 3,158 CNY/T on July 31, 2025, down 2.17% from the previous day. Over the past month, Steel's price has risen 4.22%, and is up 5.27% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Steel - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Brent fell to 71.82 USD/Bbl on July 31, 2025, down 0.90% from the previous day. Over the past month, Brent's price has risen 7.02%, but it is still 9.69% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Brent crude oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Potatoes fell to 10.10 EUR/100KG on July 30, 2025, down 5.61% from the previous day. Over the past month, Potatoes's price has fallen 34.42%, and is down 68.63% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Potatoes.