The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in European Union was worth 19423.32 billion US dollars in 2024, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of European Union represents 18.29 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - European Union GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in European Union was last recorded at 34859.60 US dollars in 2024. The GDP per Capita in European Union is equivalent to 276 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - European Union GDP Per Capita - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in European Union was last recorded at 54290.99 US dollars in 2024, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in European Union, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 306 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - European Union GDP Per Capita Ppp - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Data from 1st of June 2022. For most recent GDP data, consult dataset nama_10_gdp. Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure for the economic activity. It is defined as the value of all goods and services produced less the value of any goods or services used in their creation. The volume index of GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS) is expressed in relation to the European Union average set to equal 100. If the index of a country is higher than 100, this country's level of GDP per head is higher than the EU average and vice versa. Basic figures are expressed in PPS, i.e. a common currency that eliminates the differences in price levels between countries allowing meaningful volume comparisons of GDP between countries. Please note that the index, calculated from PPS figures and expressed with respect to EU27_2020 = 100, is intended for cross-country comparisons rather than for temporal comparisons."

This table presents Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and its main components according to the expenditure approach. Data is presented in US dollars. In the expenditure approach, the components of GDP are: final consumption expenditure of households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) plus final consumption expenditure of General Government plus gross fixed capital formation (or investment) plus net trade (exports minus imports).

When using the filters, please note that final consumption expenditure is shown separately for the Households/NPISH and General Government sectors, not for the whole economy. All other components of GDP are shown for the whole economy, not for the sector breakdowns.

The table shows OECD countries and some other economies, as well as the OECD total, G20, G7, OECD Europe, United States - Mexico - Canada Agreement (USMCA), European Union and euro area.

These indicators were presented in the previous dissemination system in the QNA dataset.
See User Guide on Quarterly National Accounts (QNA) in OECD Data Explorer: QNA User guide
See QNA Calendar for information on advance release dates: QNA Calendar
See QNA Changes for information on changes in methodology: QNA Changes
See QNA TIPS for a better use of QNA data: QNA TIPS
Explore also the GDP and non-financial accounts webpage: GDP and non-financial accounts webpage
OECD statistics contact: STAT.Contact@oecd.org

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national and international (CIS, EUROSTAT, IMF, OECD, World Bank) official sources.General note: The UNECE secretariat presents time series ready for immediate analysis. When appropriate, source segments with methodological differences have been linked and rescaled to build long consistent time series.The national accounts estimates are compiled according to 2008 SNA (System of National Accounts 2008) or 1993 SNA (System of National Accounts 1993).Constant price estimates are based on data compiled by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs), which reflect various national practices (different base years, fixed base, chain, etc.). To facilitate international comparisons, the data reported by the NSOs have been scaled to the current price value of of the common reference year. The resulting chain constant price data are not additive.Common currency (US$) estimates are computed by the secretariat using purchasing power parities (PPPs), which are the rates of currency conversion that equalise the purchasing power of different currencies. PPPs, and not exchange rates, should be used in international comparisons of GDP and its components.Growth rates (per cent) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.Contributions to per cent growth in GDP (in percentage points) are over the preceding period, unless otherwise specified.Regional aggregates are computed by the secretariat. For national accounts all current price aggregates are sums of national series converted into US$ at current PPPs of GDP; all constant price aggregates are calculated by summing up national series scaled to the price level of the common reference year and then converted into US$ using PPPs of GDP of the common reference year. Due to conversion and rounding the resulting aggregates and components could be non-additive.Aggregates are computed for the following regions:UNECE-52:Albania; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Canada; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Montenegro; Netherlands; North Macedonia; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Republic of Moldova; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Tajikistan; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; United Kingdom; United States; Uzbekistan.North America-2:Canada; United States.European Union-27 (31/12/2020):Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Cyprus; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden.Euro area-20:Austria; Belgium; Croatia; Cyprus; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Netherlands; Portugal; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain.Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA):Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Georgia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Republic of Moldova; Russian Federation; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan.CIS-11:Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Republic of Moldova; Russian Federation; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan.Western Balkans-6:Albania; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Serbia... - data not availableThe Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic impacts the production of statistics and may limit available resources and data sources. This may impact the quality of statistics for 2020, and could lead to later revisions.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) In the Euro Area was worth 16406.13 billion US dollars in 2024, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Euro Area represents 14.74 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

TThe ERS International Macroeconomic Data Set provides historical and projected data for 181 countries that account for more than 99 percent of the world economy. These data and projections are assembled explicitly to serve as underlying assumptions for the annual USDA agricultural supply and demand projections, which provide a 10-year outlook on U.S. and global agriculture. The macroeconomic projections describe the long-term, 10-year scenario that is used as a benchmark for analyzing the impacts of alternative scenarios and macroeconomic shocks.

Explore the International Macroeconomic Data Set 2015 for annual growth rates, consumer price indices, real GDP per capita, exchange rates, and more. Get detailed projections and forecasts for countries worldwide.

Annual growth rates, Consumer price indices (CPI), Real GDP per capita, Real exchange rates, Population, GDP deflator, Real gross domestic product (GDP), Real GDP shares, GDP, projections, Forecast, Real Estate, Per capita, Deflator, share, Exchange Rates, CPI

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, WORLD Follow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research. Notes:

Developed countries/1 Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Other Western Europe, European Union 27, North America

Developed countries less USA/2 Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Other Western Europe, European Union 27, Canada

Developing countries/3 Africa, Middle East, Other Oceania, Asia less Japan, Latin America;

Low-income developing countries/4 Haiti, Afghanistan, Nepal, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe;

Emerging markets/5 Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Russia, China, India, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore

BRIICs/5 Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China; Former Centrally Planned Economies

Former centrally planned economies/7 Cyprus, Malta, Recently acceded countries, Other Central Europe, Former Soviet Union

USMCA/8 Canada, Mexico, United States

Europe and Central Asia/9 Europe, Former Soviet Union

Middle East and North Africa/10 Middle East and North Africa

Other Southeast Asia outlook/11 Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam

Other South America outlook/12 Chile, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay

Indicator Source

Real gross domestic product (GDP) World Bank World Development Indicators, IHS Global Insight, Oxford Economics Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the Economic Research Service all converted to a 2015 base year.

Real GDP per capita U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Macroeconomic Data Set, GDP table and Population table.

GDP deflator World Bank World Development Indicators, IHS Global Insight, Oxford Economics Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the Economic Research Service, all converted to a 2015 base year.

Real GDP shares U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Macroeconomic Data Set, GDP table.

Real exchange rates U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Macroeconomic Data Set, CPI table, and Nominal XR and Trade Weights tables developed by the Economic Research Service.

Consumer price indices (CPI) International Financial Statistics International Monetary Fund, IHS Global Insight, Oxford Economics Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the Economic Research Service, all converted to a 2015 base year.

Population Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, International Data Base.

Context

The European Union is a unique economic and political union between twenty-eight countries that together cover much of the continent. It was created in the aftermath of the Second World War to foster economic cooperation and thus avoid conflict. The result was the European Economic Community (EEC), established in 1958, with Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands as its members. What began as an economic union has evolved into an organization spanning policy areas, from climate, environment and health to external relations and security, justice and migration. The 1993 name change from the European Economic Community (EEC) to the European Union (EU) reflected this.

The European Union has delivered more than half a century of peace, stability and prosperity, helped raise living standards and launched a single European currency: the Euro. In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for advancing the causes of peace, reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe. The single market is the EU's main economic engine, enabling most goods, services, money and people to move freely.

Content

The European Union covers over 4 million square kilometers and has 508 million inhabitants — the world’s third largest population after China and India. This dataset includes information on each EU member state, candidate state, or European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA) signatory state.

Acknowledgements

The membership, population, and economic data was published by the European Commission's Eurostat. Gross domestic product and GDP per capita in US dollars was provided by the World Bank.

Inspiration

How has the European Union grown in the past fifty years? What is the largest country by population or surface area? Which country has the largest economy by gross domestic product? How many different languages are spoken across all the member states?

This table presents Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (or per person) according to the expenditure approach. Data is presented in US dollars. In the expenditure approach, GDP is made up of final consumption expenditure of households and non-profit institutions serving households plus final consumption expenditure of General Government plus gross fixed capital formation (or investment) plus net trade (exports minus imports).

The table shows OECD countries and some other economies, as well as the OECD total, G20, G7, OECD Europe, United States - Mexico - Canada Agreement (USMCA), European Union and euro area.

These indicators were presented in the previous dissemination system in the QNA dataset.
See User Guide on Quarterly National Accounts (QNA) in OECD Data Explorer: QNA User guide
See QNA Calendar for information on advance release dates: QNA Calendar
See QNA Changes for information on changes in methodology: QNA Changes
See QNA TIPS for a better use of QNA data: QNA TIPS
Explore also the GDP and non-financial accounts webpage: GDP and non-financial accounts webpage
OECD statistics contact: STAT.Contact@oecd.org

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure for the economic activity. It refers to the value of the total output of goods and services produced by an economy, less intermediate consumption, plus net taxes on products and imports. GDP per capita is calculated as the ratio of GDP to the average population in a specific year. Basic figures are expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS), which represents a common currency that eliminates the differences in price levels between countries to allow meaningful volume comparisons of GDP. The values are also offered as an index calculated in relation to the European Union average set to equal 100. If the index of a country is higher than 100, this country's level of GDP per head is higher than the EU average and vice versa. Please note that this index is intended for cross-country comparisons rather than for temporal comparisons. Finally, the disparities indicator offered for EU aggregates is calculated as the coefficient of variation of the national figures. This time series offers a measure of the convergence of economic activity between the EU Member States. Copyright notice and free re-use of data on: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about-us/policies/copyright

This table shows Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (or per person), household final consumption expenditure per capita and actual individual consumption per capita. Final consumption expenditure is the expenditure of resident households on consumption goods or services, while individual consumption is the sum of household consumption plus the individual (not collective) consumption of the non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) and General Government sectors. The indicators are in volume terms and are converted to US dollars using constant Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs).

When using the filters, please note that GDP is selected by default in the ‘Transaction’ filter but you can select the consumption measures using the ‘Transaction’ filter. The ‘Institutional sector’ filter shows that GDP and actual individual consumption relate to the total economy, while household final consumption expenditure relates to households.

The table shows OECD countries and selected economies, as well as the OECD total, OECD Europe, European Union and euro area . These can be selected using the ‘Reference area’ filter.

These indicators were presented in the previous dissemination system in the SNA_TABLE1 dataset.
See ANA Changes for information on changes in methodology: ANA Changes
Explore also the GDP and non-financial accounts webpage: GDP and non-financial accounts webpage
OECD statistics contact: STAT.Contact@oecd.org

The dataset contains information about the contents of 100 Terms of Service (ToS) of online platforms. The documents were analyzed and evaluated from the point of view of the European Union consumer law. The main results have been presented in the table titled "Terms of Service Analysis and Evaluation_RESULTS." This table is accompanied by the instruction followed by the annotators, titled "Variables Definitions," allowing for the interpretation of the assigned values. In addition, we provide the raw data (analyzed ToS, in the folder "Clear ToS") and the annotated documents (in the folder "Annotated ToS," further subdivided).

SAMPLE: The sample contains 100 contracts of digital platforms operating in sixteen market sectors: Cloud storage, Communication, Dating, Finance, Food, Gaming, Health, Music, Shopping, Social, Sports, Transportation, Travel, Video, Work, and Various. The selected companies' main headquarters span four legal surroundings: the US, the EU, Poland specifically, and Other jurisdictions. The chosen platforms are both privately held and publicly listed and offer both fee-based and free services. Although the sample cannot be treated as representative of all online platforms, it nevertheless accounts for the most popular consumer services in the analyzed sectors and contains a diverse and heterogeneous set.

CONTENT: Each ToS has been assigned the following information: 1. Metadata: 1.1. the name of the service; 1.2. the URL; 1.3. the effective date; 1.4. the language of ToS; 1.5. the sector; 1.6. the number of words in ToS; 1.7–1.8. the jurisdiction of the main headquarters; 1.9. if the company is public or private; 1.10. if the service is paid or free. 2. Evaluative Variables: remedy clauses (2.1– 2.5); dispute resolution clauses (2.6–2.10); unilateral alteration clauses (2.11–2.15); rights to police the behavior of users (2.16–2.17); regulatory requirements (2.18–2.20); and various (2.21–2.25). 3. Count Variables: the number of clauses seen as unclear (3.1) and the number of other documents referred to by the ToS (3.2). 4. Pull-out Text Variables: rights and obligations of the parties (4.1) and descriptions of the service (4.2)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The research leading to these results has received funding from the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, project no. 2020/37/K/HS5/02769, titled “Private Law of Data: Concepts, Practices, Principles & Politics.”

Explore annual GDP growth rates for various countries with this dataset. Analyze trends and patterns related to GDP growth to make informed decisions. Click here for more information!

GDP growth (annual %), GDP, Growth Rates

Kenya, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, El Salvador, Italy, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), Comoros, Kosovo, Argentina, Bulgaria, Guinea-Bissau, Slovenia, Guinea, Belize, Low income, Lower middle income, New Caledonia, St. Kitts and Nevis, Benin, World, Kyrgyz Republic, United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Burundi, Korea, Rep., Low & middle income, Euro area, Libya, Luxembourg, Namibia, Kiribati, India, Burkina Faso, East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income), Tajikistan, Lao PDR, Equatorial Guinea, Niger, Liechtenstein, Palau, Hong Kong SAR, China, Switzerland, Tonga, Qatar, Turkiye, Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income), Indonesia, Iraq, Fiji, Central Europe and the Baltics, Isle of Man, Costa Rica, Finland, Small states, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Netherlands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries), Japan, Bhutan, Belgium, Australia, Denmark, Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC), Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries), Uzbekistan, Pacific island small states, Mongolia, Gabon, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Ukraine, Venezuela, RB, Latvia, Macao SAR, China, Vietnam, Arab World, Myanmar, Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income), Haiti, Micronesia, Fed. Sts., Nicaragua, Panama, San Marino, Gambia, The, Guatemala, IDA & IBRD total, Azerbaijan, Chad, Zimbabwe, Mali, Bolivia, Grenada, Mexico, East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries), Timor-Leste, Dominica, Peru, Malawi, Trinidad and Tobago, Nauru, Monaco, Tuvalu, Egypt, Arab Rep., Virgin Islands (U.S.), Sao Tome and Principe, Cabo Verde, IDA only, Mozambique, Oman, Yemen, Rep., Albania, New Zealand, Latin America & Caribbean, Rwanda, Cameroon, Lesotho, Solomon Islands, Germany, Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea, Maldives, Moldova, Antigua and Barbuda, Congo, Dem. Rep., Romania, Portugal, Africa Western and Central, Mauritius, France, Uruguay, Tanzania, Colombia, South Asia (IDA & IBRD), Honduras, South Sudan, Sudan, Cuba, Least developed countries: UN classification, South Asia, Tunisia, Guyana, Nepal, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, United States, Canada, Lebanon, Africa Eastern and Southern, Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income), Angola, Bahamas, The, Fragile and conflict affected situations, Malta, Middle East & North Africa, Turkmenistan, Cote d'Ivoire, Northern Mariana Islands, Thailand, Seychelles, North Macedonia, Afghanistan, Russian Federation, IBRD only, Iran, Islamic Rep., Malaysia, Djibouti, Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income), Norway, Dominican Republic, French Polynesia, Jordan, Nigeria, Lithuania, Estonia, Eswatini, Vanuatu, Late-demographic dividend, St. Lucia, Cambodia, Curacao, Kuwait, Belarus, American Samoa, Bahrain, Somalia, Pre-demographic dividend, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Jamaica, Ecuador, European Union, Post-demographic dividend, Brazil, Central African Republic, Chile, Puerto Rico, Pakistan, Uganda, United Kingdom, IDA total, Marshall Islands, Czechia, Channel Islands, Poland, Togo, Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries), Sweden, Iceland, Armenia, Georgia, Montenegro, Europe & Central Asia, Hungary, IDA blend, Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries), Paraguay, Zambia, Andorra, OECD members, Bermuda, Early-demographic dividend, Croatia, Upper middle income, Algeria, Samoa, Eritrea, Suriname, Mauritania, Guam, China, Sri Lanka, Congo, Rep., Liberia, Greece, Botswana, East Asia & Pacific, West Bank and Gaza, Philippines, Cayman Islands, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, High income, Serbia, Caribbean small states, Greenland, Cyprus, Aruba, Ireland, Israel, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Madagascar, Other small states, Sub-Saharan Africa, Senegal, Middle income, Austria, North America Follow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.

Quarterly national accounts are compiled in accordance with the European System of Accounts - ESA 2010 as defined in Annex B (transmission programme of data) of the Council Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013, amended by Regulation (EU) 2023/734 of 15 March 2023. ESA 2010 is aligned with the national accounts framework at the international level, the System of National Accounts (SNA 2008).

GDP is one of the key aggregates in national accounts. GDP is a measure of the total economic activity taking place on an economic territory.

There are three approaches to measuring GDP:

1. the production approach, as the sum of the value added by all activities which produce goods and services, plus taxes less subsidies on products;
2. the expenditure approach, as the sum of all final expenditures made in either consuming the final output of the economy, or in adding to wealth, plus exports less imports of goods and services;
3. the income approach, as the sum of all incomes earned in the process of producing goods and services plus taxes on production and imports less subsidies

Data published in Eurobase reflect these 3 approaches. The current metadata is associated with the following data collections:

Geographical entities covered are the European Union, the euro area, EU Member States, EFTA countries and Candidate Countries. Data from other countries (e.g. US, Japan and other countries) are received via the OECD and IMF and published in Eurobase in the naid_10 collection.

Data sources: National Statistical Institutes.

Recommended citation

Article citation will be added once the article is available.

Content

• Use of the dataset and full description
• Abstract
• Support
• Files included in the dataset
• Notes
• Data format description (columns)
• Data sources
• Changelog
• References

Use of the dataset and full description

Before using the dataset, please read this document and the article describing the methodology, especially the "Discussion and limitations" section.

The article will be referenced here as soon as it is published.

Please notify us (johannes.guetschow@pik-potsdam.de) if you use the dataset so that we can keep track of how it is used and take that into consideration when updating and improving the dataset.

When using this dataset or one of its updates, please cite the DOI of the precise version of the dataset used and also the data description article which this dataset is supplement to (see above). Please consider also citing the relevant original sources when using the RCP-SSP-dwn dataset. See the full citations in the References section further below.

Support

If you encounter possible errors or other things that should be noted or need support in using the dataset or have any other questions regarding the dataset, please contact johannes.guetschow@pik-potsdam.de.

Abstract

This dataset provides country scenarios, downscaled from the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) and SSP (Shared Socio-Economic Pathways) scenario databases, using results from the SSP GDP (Gross Domestic Product) country model results as drivers for the downscaling process harmonized to and combined with up to date historical data.

Files included in the dataset

The repository comprises several datasets. Each dataset comes in a csv file. The file name is constructed from dataset properties as follows:

The "Source" flag indicates which input scenarios were used.

• PMRCP: RCP scenarios downscaled using the SSPs: emissions and socio-economic data; scenarios are available both harmonized to historical data and non-harmonized.
• PMSSP: Downscaled SSP IAM scenarios: emissions and socio-economic data; scenarios are available both harmonized to historical data and non-harmonized.

the "Bunkers" flag indicates if the input emissions scenarios have been corrected for emissions from international shipping and aviation (bunkers) before downscaling to country level or not. The flag is "B" for scenarios where emissions from bunkers have been removed before downscaling and "" (no flag) where they have not been removed.

The "Downscaling" flag indicates the downscaling technique used.

• IE: Convergence downscaling with exponential convergence of emissions intensities and convergence before transition to negative emissions.
• IC: Regional emission intensity growth rates for all countries.
• CS: Constant emission shares as a reference case independent of the socio-economic scenario.

All files contain data for all countries and variables. For detailed methodology descriptions we refer to the paper this dataset is a supplement to. A reference to the paper will be added as soon as it is published.

Finally the data description including detailed references is included: RCP-SSP-dwn_v1.0_data_description.pdf.

Notes

If you encounter problems with the size of the csv files please let us know, so we can find solutions for future releases of the data.

Data format description (columns)

"source"

For PMRCP files source values are

• RCPSSP
• PMRCP
• PMRCPMISC

For PMSSP files source values are

• SSPIAM
• PMSSP
• PMSSPMISC

For possible values of

"scenario"

For PMRCP files the scenarios have the format

For PMSSP files the scenarios have the format

Model codes in scenario names

• AIMCGE: AIM-CGE
• IMAGE: IMAGE
• GCAM4: GCAM
• MESGB: MESSAGE-GLOBIOM
• REMMP: REMIND-MAGPIE
• WITGB: WITCH-GLOBIOM

"country"

ISO 3166 three-letter country codes or custom codes for groups:

Additional "country" codes for country groups.

• EARTH: Aggregated emissions for all countries
• ANNEXI: Annex I Parties to the UNFCCC
• NONANNEXI: Non-Annex I Parties to the UNFCCC
• AOSIS: Alliance of Small Island States
• BASIC: BASIC countries (Brazil, South Africa, India and China)
• EU28: European Union (still including the UK)
• LDC: Least Developed Countries
• UMBRELLA: Umbrella Group

"category"

Category descriptions.

• IPCM0EL: Emissions: National Total excluding LULUCF
• ECO: Economical data
• DEMOGR: Demographical data

"entity"

Gases and gas baskets using global warming potentials (GWP) from either Second Assessment Report (SAR) or Fourth Assessment Report (AR4).

Gases / gas baskets and underlying global warming potentials

• CH4: Methane (CH₄)
• CO2: Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
• N2O: Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)
• FGASES: Fluorinated Gases (SAR): HFCs, PFCs, SF₆, NF₃
• FGASESAR4: Fluorinated Gases (AR4): HFCs, PFCs, SF₆, NF₃
• KYOTOGHG: Kyoto greenhouse gases (SAR)
• KYOTOGHGAR4: Kyoto greenhouse gases (AR4)

"unit"

The following units are used:

• Million2011GKD: Million 2011 international dollars
• ThousandPers: Thousand persons
• kt: kilotonnes
• Mt: Megatonnes
• Gg: Gigagrams
• MtCO2eq: Megatonnes of CO₂ equivalents using the GWPs defined by "entity"
• GgCO2eq: Gigagrams of CO₂ equivalents using the GWPs defined by "entity"

Remaining columns

Years from 1850-2100.

Data Sources

The following data sources were used during the generation of this dataset:

Scenario data

• RCP scenarios website/data
• SSP basic elements website/data
• SSP IAM scenarios website/data
• SSP CMIP6 scenarios website/data

Historical data

• CDIAC data
• CEDS CMIP6 data paper/data
• EDGAR version 4.3.2: data, paper
• IMO GHG report report
• PRIMAP-hist v2.1 paper, <a

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Saudi Arabia

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Saudi Arabia offers a comprehensive overview of international trade activities involving Saudi companies. This dataset provides an in-depth analysis of trade transactions, documenting and categorizing imports and exports across various industries within Saudi Arabia.

To access Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Saudi Arabia, please contact us at info@techsalerator.com or visit https://www.techsalerator.com/contact-us with your specific requirements. Techsalerator will provide a tailored quote based on your data needs, with delivery available within 24 hours. Ongoing access options are also available.

Techsalerator's Import/Export Trade Data for Saudi Arabia delivers a thorough analysis of trade activities, integrating data from customs reports, trade agreements, and shipping records. This detailed dataset helps businesses, investors, and trade analysts understand Saudi Arabia’s trade landscape comprehensively.

Key Data Fields

• Company Name: Lists the companies involved in trade transactions, helping identify potential partners or competitors and track industry-specific trade patterns.
• Trade Volume: Details the quantity or value of goods traded, providing insights into the scale and economic impact of trade activities.
• Product Category: Specifies the types of goods traded, such as raw materials or finished products, aiding in understanding market demand and supply chain dynamics.
• Import/Export Country: Identifies the countries of origin or destination for traded goods, offering insights into regional trade relationships and market access.
• Transaction Date: Records the date of transactions, revealing seasonal trends and shifts in trade dynamics over time.

Top Trade Trends in Saudi Arabia

• Trade Balance Dynamics: Saudi Arabia’s trade balance is influenced by major partners like China, the United States, and the European Union. Ongoing trade agreements and policy adjustments aim to optimize trade flows and address imbalances.
• Oil Exports Dominance: Saudi Arabia remains a leading global exporter of oil, with crude oil and petroleum products playing a central role in its export economy.
• Diversification Efforts: There is a significant push towards diversifying Saudi Arabia’s economy and trade portfolio beyond oil, with increased focus on sectors such as technology, renewable energy, and pharmaceuticals.
• Belt and Road Initiative: Saudi Arabia's participation in China’s Belt and Road Initiative is enhancing trade and infrastructure links between the two countries, promoting regional connectivity and economic collaboration.
• Sustainability and Innovation: Saudi Arabia is increasingly integrating sustainability into its trade practices, focusing on environmentally friendly technologies and sustainable supply chains.

Notable Companies in Saudi Trade Data

• Saudi Aramco: The world’s largest oil company, involved in exporting crude oil and petroleum products, significantly impacting Saudi Arabia’s trade dynamics.
• SABIC: A global leader in petrochemicals, contributing to Saudi Arabia’s exports in chemicals and plastics.
• Al Rajhi Bank: Engaged in financial services and trade financing, supporting various trade transactions across industries.
• Saudi Arabian Airlines: The national carrier, facilitating the import and export of goods through air freight services, impacting Saudi Arabia’s trade in the transportation sector.
• Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC): A major player in the manufacturing and export of chemicals and plastics, reflecting Saudi Arabia’s industrial strength.

Accessing Techsalerator’s Data

To obtain Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Saudi Arabia, please contact us at info@techsalerator.com with your requirements. We will provide a customized quote based on the number of data fields and records needed, with delivery available within 24 hours. Ongoing access options can also be discussed.

Included Data Fields:

• Company Name
• Trade Volume
• Product Category
• Import/Export Country
• Transaction Date
• Shipping Details
• Customs Codes
• Trade Value

For detailed insights into Saudi Arabia’s import and export activities and trends, Techsalerator’s dataset is an invaluable resource for staying informed and making strategic decisions.

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