This data set contains the administrative boundaries at country level of the world and is based on the geometry from EBM v12.x. of EuroGeographics for the members of Eurogeographics, the Global Administrative Units Layer (2015) from FAO (UN) and geometry from the Turkish National Statistical Office. This dataset consists of 2 feature classes (regions, boundaries) per scale level and there are 6 different scale levels (100K, 1M, 3M, 10M, 20M and 60M). The public dataset is available at 1M, 3M, 10M, 20M, 60M, while the full dataset at 100K is restricted. This metadata only refers to the full dataset (polygon) at 100k (CNTR_RG_100K_2016 in the GISCO database) and shall only be used internally by the EEA. This metadata has been slightly adapted from the original metadata file provided by Eurostat (European Commission) and is to be used only for internal EEA purposes. For reference, the original metadata file provided by ESTAT (CNTR_2016.xml) is provided together with the dataset. The public dataset is available for download on http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/GISCO/distribution/v2/countries/countries-2016-files.html

PyPSA-Eur is an open model dataset of the European power system at the transmission network level that covers the full ENTSO-E area. It can be built using the code provided at https://github.com/PyPSA/PyPSA-eur.

It contains alternating current lines at and above 220 kV voltage level and all high voltage direct current lines, substations, an open database of conventional power plants, time series for electrical demand and variable renewable generator availability, and geographic potentials for the expansion of wind and solar power.

Not all data dependencies are shipped with the code repository, since git is not suited for handling large changing files. Instead we provide separate data bundles to be downloaded and extracted as noted in the documentation.

This is the full data bundle to be used for rigorous research. It includes large bathymetry and natural protection area datasets.

While the code in PyPSA-Eur is released as free software under the MIT, different licenses and terms of use apply to the various input data, which are summarised below:

corine/*

• CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database
• Source: https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc-2012/
• Extract from Terms of Use:

Access to data is based on a principle of full, open and free access as established by the Copernicus data and information policy Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013. This regulation establishes registration and licensing conditions for GMES/Copernicus users and can be found here. Free, full and open access to this data set is made on the conditions that:

• When distributing or communicating Copernicus dedicated data and Copernicus service information to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of that data and information.

• Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the Union.

• Where that data or information has been adapted or modified, the user shall clearly state this.

• The data remain the sole property of the European Union. Any information and data produced in the framework of the action shall be the sole property of the European Union. Any communication and publication by the beneficiary shall acknowledge that the data were produced “with funding by the European Union”.

• https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc-2012?tab=metadata

eez/*

• World exclusive economic zones (EEZ)
• Source: http://www.marineregions.org/sources.php#unioneezcountry
• Extract from Terms of Use:

Marine Regions’ products are licensed under CC-BY-NC-SA. Please contact us for other uses of the Licensed Material beyond license terms. We kindly request our users not to make our products available for download elsewhere and to always refer to marineregions.org for the most up-to-date products and services.

• http://www.marineregions.org/disclaimer.php

natura/*

• Natura 2000 natural protection areas
• Source: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-10
• Extract from Terms of Use:

EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (https://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV).

• https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-10#tab-metadata

naturalearth/*

• World country shapes
• Source: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-countries/
• Extract from Terms of Use:

All versions of Natural Earth raster + vector map data found on this website are in the public domain. You may use the maps in any manner, including modifying the content and design, electronic dissemination, and offset printing. The primary authors, Tom Patterson and Nathaniel Vaughn Kelso, and all other contributors renounce all financial claim to the maps and invites you to use them for personal, educational, and commercial purposes.

No permission is needed to use Natural Earth. Crediting the authors is unnecessary.

• http://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/

NUTS_2013_60M_SH/*

• Europe NUTS3 regions
• Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units
• Extract from Terms of Use:

In addition to the general copyright and licence policy applicable to the whole Eurostat website, the following specific provisions apply to the datasets you are downloading. The download and usage of these data is subject to the acceptance of the following clauses:

1. The Commission agrees to grant the non-exclusive and not transferable right to use and process the Eurostat/GISCO geographical data downloaded from this page (the "data").

2. The permission to use the data is granted on condition that: the data will not be used for commercial purposes; the source will be acknowledged. A copyright notice, as specified below, will have to be visible on any printed or electronic publication using the data downloaded from this page.

• https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units
• https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/policies/copyright

gebco/GEBCO_2014_2D.nc

• GEBCO bathymetric dataset
• Source: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/version_20141103/
• Extract from Terms of Use:

The GEBCO Grid is placed in the public domain and may be used free of charge. Use of the GEBCO Grid indicates that the user accepts the conditions of use and disclaimer information given below.

Users are free to:

• Copy, publish, distribute and transmit The GEBCO Grid

• Adapt The GEBCO Grid

• Commercially exploit The GEBCO Grid, by, for example, combining it with other information, or by including it in their own product or application

Users must:

• Acknowledge the source of The GEBCO Grid. A suitable form of attribution is given in the documentation that accompanies The GEBCO Grid.

• Not use The GEBCO Grid in a way that suggests any official status or that GEBCO, or the IHO or IOC, endorses any particular application of The GEBCO Grid.

• Not mislead others or misrepresent The GEBCO Grid or its source.

• https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/documents/gebco_2014_historic.pdf

je-e-21.03.02.xls

• Population and GDP data for Swiss Cantons
• Source: https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/news/whats-new.assetdetail.7786557.html
• Extract from Terms of Use:

Information on the websites of the Federal Authorities is accessible to the public. Downloading, copying or integrating content (texts, tables, graphics, maps, photos or any other data) does not entail any transfer of rights to the content.

Copyright and any other rights relating to content available on the websites of the Federal Authorities are the exclusive property of the Federal Authorities or of any other expressly mentioned owners.

Any reproduction requires the prior written consent of the copyright holder. The source of the content (statistical results) should always be given.

This data set contains the administrative boundaries at country level of the world and is based on the geometry from EBM v2020 (ReferenceDate 31.12.2018) of EuroGeographics for the members of Eurogeographics, and GISCO Countries 2020.The dataset is based on the geometry from EBM v2020. of EuroGeographics for the members of Eurogeographics,and the generalised scales are based on GISCO Countries 2016 due to the lack of updates of the UN FAO Gaul dataset. This resulted in a common repository of geometry of which the different datasets were derived. The different scale levels were derived of generalisations of the common repository on 100K scale. This means that within each scale level the feature classes of all these datasets: COMM_2020, NUTS_2021, CNTR_2020, EEZ_2020 and COAS_2020, are fully coherent and compliant. Each scale level in the CNTR_2020 dataset consists of 2 feature classes (regions and boundaries) The boundaries and regions are related to each other through a relationship table. In addition to the region and boundary feature classes there is also 1 label feature class which is scale independent. For each CNTR in the region feature class there is exactly 1 label and an associated record in the CNTR_AT table which contains names and poltical status.Please be aware that there are specific download provisions for the datasets in this item which must be respected. The download and usage of these data is subject to their acceptance.Data Source:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-unitshttps://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/countries#countries20 © EuroGeographics

Under the law of the sea, an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. It stretches from the seaward edge of the state territorial sea out to 200 nautical miles from its coast. The data set has been derived from the World Maritime Boundaries v5.0 dataset from the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) and integrated with the datasets "Communes 2010 – European Commission, Eurostat/GISCO", "Countries 2010, European Commission - Eurostat/GISCO", "Coastlines 2010, European Commission - Eurostat/GISCO". The data set (100K - 60M) is available to EEA due to EEA having a valid EBM v5.0 licence.

These metadata are derived from the original metadata records available at Inspire@EC.

Källa: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/population-distribution-demography/geostat

Skapad för Mapping METREX GIS-viewer, värd provinsen Syd-Holland. Länk till tittaren: https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/2a24effbf2a1495aa0d20966f4b70886.

Data adjusted from the dataset of GEOSTAT, Eurostat http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/population-distribution-demography/geostatGEOSTAT was launched at the beginning of 2010 by Eurostat in cooperation with the European Forum for GeoStatistics (EFGS) , to promote grid-based statistics and more generally to work towards the integration of statistical and geospatial information in a common information infrastructure for the EU. Its aim is to develop common guidelines for the collection and production of spatial- and grid-statistics within the European Statistical System

PyPSA-Eur is an open model dataset of the European power system at the transmission network level that covers the full ENTSO-E area. It can be built using the code provided at https://github.com/PyPSA/PyPSA-eur.

It contains alternating current lines at and above 220 kV voltage level and all high voltage direct current lines, substations, an open database of conventional power plants, time series for electrical demand and variable renewable generator availability, and geographic potentials for the expansion of wind and solar power.

Not all data dependencies are shipped with the code repository, since git is not suited for handling large changing files. Instead we provide separate data bundles to be downloaded and extracted as noted in the documentation.

This is the full data bundle to be used for rigorous research. It includes large bathymetry and natural protection area datasets.

While the code in PyPSA-Eur is released as free software under the MIT, different licenses and terms of use apply to the various input data, which are summarised below:

corine/*

• CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database
• Source: https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc-2012/
• Extract from Terms of Use:

Access to data is based on a principle of full, open and free access as established by the Copernicus data and information policy Regulation (EU) No 1159/2013 of 12 July 2013. This regulation establishes registration and licensing conditions for GMES/Copernicus users and can be found here. Free, full and open access to this data set is made on the conditions that:

• When distributing or communicating Copernicus dedicated data and Copernicus service information to the public, users shall inform the public of the source of that data and information.
• Users shall make sure not to convey the impression to the public that the user's activities are officially endorsed by the Union.
• Where that data or information has been adapted or modified, the user shall clearly state this.
• The data remain the sole property of the European Union. Any information and data produced in the framework of the action shall be the sole property of the European Union. Any communication and publication by the beneficiary shall acknowledge that the data were produced “with funding by the European Union”.

• https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover/clc-2012?tab=metadata

eez/*

• World exclusive economic zones (EEZ)
• Source: http://www.marineregions.org/sources.php#unioneezcountry
• Extract from Terms of Use:

Marine Regions’ products are licensed under CC-BY-NC-SA. Please contact us for other uses of the Licensed Material beyond license terms. We kindly request our users not to make our products available for download elsewhere and to always refer to marineregions.org for the most up-to-date products and services.

• http://www.marineregions.org/disclaimer.php

natura/*

• Natura 2000 natural protection areas
• Source: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-10
• Extract from Terms of Use:

EEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (https://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV).

• https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-10#tab-metadata

naturalearth/*

• World country shapes
• Source: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-countries/
• Extract from Terms of Use:

All versions of Natural Earth raster + vector map data found on this website are in the public domain. You may use the maps in any manner, including modifying the content and design, electronic dissemination, and offset printing. The primary authors, Tom Patterson and Nathaniel Vaughn Kelso, and all other contributors renounce all financial claim to the maps and invites you to use them for personal, educational, and commercial purposes.

No permission is needed to use Natural Earth. Crediting the authors is unnecessary.

• http://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/

NUTS_2013_60M_SH/*

• Europe NUTS3 regions
• Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units
• Extract from Terms of Use:

In addition to the general copyright and licence policy applicable to the whole Eurostat website, the following specific provisions apply to the datasets you are downloading. The download and usage of these data is subject to the acceptance of the following clauses:

1. The Commission agrees to grant the non-exclusive and not transferable right to use and process the Eurostat/GISCO geographical data downloaded from this page (the "data").
2. The permission to use the data is granted on condition that: the data will not be used for commercial purposes; the source will be acknowledged. A copyright notice, as specified below, will have to be visible on any printed or electronic publication using the data downloaded from this page.

• https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units
• https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/about/policies/copyright

ch_cantons.csv

• Mapping between Swiss Cantons and NUTS3 regions
• Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_codes_for_Switzerland
• Extract from Terms of Use:

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_codes_for_Switzerland

EIA_hydro_generation_2000_2014.csv

• Hydroelectricity generation per country and year
• Source: https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/data/browser/#/?pa=000000000000000000000000000000g&c=1028i008006gg6168g80a4k000e0ag00gg0004g800ho00g8&ct=0&ug=8&tl_id=2-A&vs=INTL.33-12-ALB-BKWH.A&cy=2014&vo=0&v=H&start=2000&end=2016
• Extract from Terms of Use:

Public domain and use of EIA content: U.S. government publications are in the public domain and are not subject to copyright protection. You may use and/or distribute any of our data, files, databases, reports, graphs, charts, and other information products that are on our website or that you receive through our email distribution service. However, if you use or reproduce any of our information products, you should use an acknowledgment, which includes the publication date, such as: "Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (Oct 2008)."

• https://www.eia.gov/about/copyrights_reuse.php

GEBCO_2014_2D.nc

• GEBCO bathymetric dataset
• Source: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/version_20141103/
• Extract from Terms of Use:

The GEBCO Grid is placed in the public domain and may be used free of charge. Use of the GEBCO Grid indicates that the user accepts the conditions of use and disclaimer information given below.

Users are free to:

• Copy, publish, distribute and transmit The GEBCO Grid
• Adapt The GEBCO Grid
• Commercially exploit The GEBCO Grid, by, for example, combining it with other information, or by including it in their own product or application

Users must:

• Acknowledge the source of The GEBCO Grid. A suitable form of attribution is given in the documentation that accompanies The GEBCO Grid.
• Not use The GEBCO Grid in a way that suggests any official status or that GEBCO, or the IHO or IOC, endorses any particular application of The GEBCO Grid.
• Not mislead others or misrepresent The GEBCO Grid or its source.

• https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/documents/gebco_2014_historic.pdf

hydro_capacities.csv

Hydroelectricity generation and storage capacities

• Source:
  • A. Kies, K. Chattopadhyay, L. von Bremen, E. Lorenz, D. Heinemann, RESTORE 2050 Work Package Report D12: Simulation of renewable feed-in for power system studies., Tech. rep., RESTORE 2050 (2016).
  • B. Pfluger, F. Sensfuß, G. Schubert, J. Leisentritt, Tangible ways towards climate protection in the European Union (EU Long-term scenarios 2050), Fraunhofer ISI. https://www.isi.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/isi/dokumente/ccx/2011/Final_Report_EU-Long-term-scenarios-2050.pdf

je-e-21.03.02.xls

• Population and GDP data for Swiss Cantons
• Source: https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/news/whats-new.assetdetail.7786557.html
• Extract from Terms of Use:

Information on the websites of the Federal Authorities is accessible to the public. Downloading, copying or integrating content (texts, tables, graphics, maps, photos or any other data) does not entail any transfer of rights to the content.

Copyright and any other rights relating to content available on the websites of the Federal Authorities are the exclusive property of the Federal Authorities or of any other expressly mentioned owners.

Any reproduction requires the prior written consent of the copyright holder. The source of the content (statistical results) should always be given. Anyone who intends on using statistical results for commercial purposes or gain must obtain an authorisation pursuant to Art. 13 of the Fee Ordinance and is liable to pay an indemnity. Please contact the FSO for this purpose.

• https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/fso/swiss-federal-statistical-office/terms-of-use.html
• https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/bfs/oeffentliche-statistik/copyright.html

nama_10r_3gdp.tsv.gz

• Gross domestic product (GDP)

Share (%) of GDP going to Research and Development (R&D) in 2020 (Belgium: 2017, Germany :2019) - Territorial entities: NUTS 2 - Data source: European Commission Eurostat/GISCO 2023. Harmonization: SIG-GR/GISGR 2023

As a permanent service of Eurostat, GISCO: promotes and stimulates the use of GIS within the European Statistical System and the Commission; manages and disseminates the Geographical reference database of the Commission; acts as a reference centre concerning GIS; promotes geo-referencing of statistics and collaboration between national statistical institutes and mapping agencies; pursues and ensures standardisation and harmonisation in the exchange of Geographic Information; co-leads the INSPIRE initiative on the introduction of a European Spatial Data Infrastructure.

Within the framework of the GISCO project, an extensive geo-referenced database has been developed. One of the main topics of the GISCO mandate is to extend, maintain and update this database. List of data sets offered by GISCO per ISO 19115 topic category (short name in []):

             a) Farming: farm accountancy data network [FADN]

b) Biota: Natural Vegetation [VEGT], Biogeographical Zones [BIOG], Biotopes [BIOT] c) Boundaries: Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS + Statistical Regions) [NUTS], Communes [COMM], Subcommunes [SCOM], Administrative regions [ADRG], Countries [CNTR] d) Climatology / Meteorology / Atmosphere: Climate [CLIM] e) Economy: Fishing Areas [FISH] f) Elevation: Digital Elevation Model [DEM], Bathimetry [BATH] g) Environment: Land Quality [LNQU], Designated Areas [DSIG] h) Geo-scientific information: Soil Erosion Risk [SOER], Geology Geomorphology ErosionTrend [ERTR], Soil [SOIL], Sediments Discharges [SDDS], Coastal Erosion [COER] i) Imagery/Base maps/Earth cover: Land Cover [LCOV] j) Inland waters: Water Patterns [WTPT], Lakes [LAKE], Watersheds [WTSH] k) Locations: Geographical Grid [GGGR], LUCAS [LUCA], Settlements [STTL], Gazetteer [GAZZ] l) Oceans: Coastline boundaries [COAS], Sea Level rise [SELV] m) Planning/Cadastre: Inter Regional [IREG], Leader Zones [LEAD], Less Favoured Areas [LFAV], National Support [NTSU], Structural Funds Zones [STFU], Urban Audit [URAU] n) Society: Population [POPU], Degree of urbanisation [DGUR] o) Transportation: Airports [AIRP], Ferry links [FERR], Ports [PORT], Road infrastructure [ROAD], Railway infrastructure [RAIL] p) Utilities/Communication: Nuclear Power [NUPW], Energy Production [ENPR], Energy Transport [ENTR]

Further details can be found in gisco_naming_conventions_20090831.pdf

This dataset with the derived _ statistical grid of 250 meters side_ and according to the 1 square kilometer grid defined in the framework of GISCO (Geographic Information System of the COmmission) by Eurostat, is _ non-exact basic mapping_ used for the symbolic representation of geospatial statistics. The information is provided in the geodetic system of geographic coordinates WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984, SRID:4326), used by the Canary Islands Institute of Statistics (ISTAC), in various formats and with the cells cut by a generalized coastline. The alphanumeric data is encoded in UTF-8. NOTE: For operational reasons this dataset is not served in KML format

Population (%) aged 30-34 with tertiary educational attainment in 2019

— Territorial entities: NUTS 2

— Data source: European Commission, Eurostat/GISCO 2021. Harmonisation: GIS-GR 2022

Population (%) aged 30-34 with tertiary educational attainment in 2019 - Territorial entities: NUTS 2 - Data source: European Commission, Eurostat/GISCO 2021. Harmonization: GIS-GR 2022

Share (%) of the population aged 30 to 34 with a higher education diploma in 2019 - Territorial level: Nuts 2 - Source: European Commission, Eurostat/GISCO 2021. Harmonisation: SIG-GR 2022

The dataset represents the administrative boundaries of the 39 EEA countries at various aggregation level following NUTS 2016 classification: Country (NUTS0), NUTS1, NUTS2, and NUTS3 regions. The dataset is created in raster format with a spatial resolution of 100m grid size. Spatial extent of the dataset is adjusted to the latest Corine Land Cover product [Corine Land Cover 2012 (raster 100m) - version 18, Sep. 2016]. This dataset is created as a reference layer for performing spatial analysis and calculating statistics at country level for the European territory as needed by accounting activities such as Land and Ecosystem Accounting (LEAC). Administrative boundaries were derived from the EUROSTAT GISCO dataset [European Commission, Eurostat (ESTAT), GISCO -Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2016 (NUTS), Mar. 2018], EuroGeographics product [EuroBoundaryMap (full European coverage) - version 12, Jan. 2018], and coastal areas were derived from the Economic Exclusive Zone dataset [version 10.0 available in marineregions.org].

The H2020 project on Social Innovation in Marginalised Rural Areas (SIMRA) focused on understanding social innovation and innovative governance in agriculture, forestry and rural development, and how to boost them, particularly in marginalised rural areas across Europe, with a focus on the Mediterranean region (including non-EU). Its geographic focus was on Marginalised Rural Areas (MRAs), which had not previously been defined.

The analysis of the rural areas of Europe and the Mediterranean area required data of consistent spatial and temporal resolutions for variables of three types: physical geography, infrastructure (spatial marginality), and socio-economic (societal marginality). There few datasets of relevance that exist for the entire area, creating a need to derive spatial datasets and produce associated maps of the characteristics that contribute to marginality or marginalization.

The outputs comprise new spatial datasets at resolutions compatible with the underlying information (e.g. 1km2, NUTS 3, NUTS 2, and local authorities in North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean), enabling comparisons between such areas. The associated maps and a tabulation of the characteristics for the entire area of interest to SIMRA are reported in Price et al. (2017).

This spatial dataset contains the characteristics of the Marginalised Rural Areas as attributes in a Shapefle for use in a Geographic Information System. Details of the attributes in the Shapefle, and their values, are provided in the MS Excel spreadsheet downloadable with this dataset.

Reference:

Price, M., Miller, D.R., McKeen, M., Slee, W. and Nijnik, M. 2017. Categorisation of marginalised rural areas (MRAs). Deliverable 3.1, Social Innovation in Marginalised Rural Areas (SIMRA). Report to the European Commission, pp. 57. 10.5281/zenodo.3625493

The boundaries in the spatial dataset are complied from: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) 2013 European Commission, © EuroGeographics, © FAO (UN), © TurkStat Source: European Commission – Eurostat/GISCO© for administrative boundaries. All other boundary data were extracted from the GADM database (www.gadm.org), version 2.8, November 2015. They can be used for non-commercial purposes only. It is not allowed to redistribute these data, or use them for commercial purposes, without prior consent. See the website for more information.

GISCO est chargé de répondre aux besoins d’information géographique de la Commission européenne à 3 niveaux: L’Union européenne, ses pays membres et ses régions.

GISCO gère une base de données d’informations géographiques et fournit des services connexes à la Commission. Sa base de données contient des données géographiques de base couvrant l’ensemble de l’Europe, telles que les frontières administratives, et des informations géospatiales thématiques, telles que les données de la grille de population. Certaines données sont disponibles au téléchargement par le grand public et peuvent être utilisées à des fins non commerciales.

L’objectif principal des diverses activités et projets à long terme de GISCO est de mieux intégrer les informations statistiques et géospatiales au niveau de l’UE.

Part du PIB (%) consacrée à la recherche et au développement en 2020 (Belgique: 2017, Allemagne: 2019) - Entités territoriales: NUTS 2 - Source: European Commission Eurostat/GISCO 2023. Harmonisation: SIG-GR/GISGR 2023

Region of Interest (ROI) is comprised of the Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg

We use the communes adminitrative division which is standardized across Europe by EUROSTAT at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units This is roughly equivalent to the notion municipalities in most countries.

From the link above, communes definition are taken from COMM_RG_01M_2016_4326.shp and country borders are taken from NUTS_RG_01M_2021_3035.shp.

images: Sentinel2 RGB from 2020-01-01 to 2020-31-12 filtered out pixels with clouds acoording to QA60 band following the example given in GEE dataset info page at: see https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/COPERNICUS_S2_SR_HARMONIZED

  see also https://github.com/rramosp/geetiles/blob/main/geetiles/defs/sentinel2rgbmedian2020.py

labels: Global Human Settlement Layers, Population Grid 2015

  labels range from 0 to 31, with the following meaning:
    label value   original value in GEE dataset
    0        0
    1        1-10
    2        11-20
    3        21-30
    ...
    31       >=291 


  see https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/JRC_GHSL_P2016_POP_GPW_GLOBE_V1


  see also https://github.com/rramosp/geetiles/blob/main/geetiles/defs/humanpop2015.py

_aschips.geojson the image chips geometries along with label proportions for easy visualization with QGIS, GeoPandas, etc.

_communes.geojson the communes geometries with their label prortions for easy visualization with QGIS, GeoPandas, etc.

splits.csv contains two splits of image chips in train, test, val - with geographical bands at 45° angles in nw-se direction - the same as above reorganized to that all chips within the same commune fall within the same split.

data/ a pickle file for each image chip containing a dict with - the 100x100 RGB sentinel 2 chip image - the 100x100 chip level lavels - the label proportions of the chip - the aggregated label proportions of the commune the chip belongs to

Jonas Schöley (2021). The centered ternary balance scheme: A technique to visualize surfaces of unbalanced three-part compositions [10.4054/DemRes.2021.44.19](https://www.demographic-research.org/articles/volume/44/19)

• `10-euro_education.csv`: Relative share of population ages 25 to 64 by educational attainment in the European NUTS-2 regions 2016. Data derived from Eurostat table "edat_lfse_04".
  • `id`: NUTS-2 code
  • `ed_0to2`: Share of population with highest attained education "lower secondary or less".
  • `ed_3to4`: Share of population with highest attained education "upper secondary".
  • `ed_5to8`: Share of population with highest attained education "tertiary".
• `10-euro_sectors.csv`: Relative share of workers by labor-force sector in the European NUTS-2 regions 2016. The original NACE (rev. 2) codes have been recoded into the three sectors "primary" (A), "secondary" (B-E & F) and "tertiary" (all other NACE codes). Data derived from Eurostat table "lfst_r_lfe2en2".
  • `id`: NUTS-2 code
  • `lf_pri`: Share of labor-force in primary sector.
  • `lf_sec`: Share of labor-force in secondary sector.
  • `lf_ter`: Share of labor-force in tertiary sector.
• `10-euro_geo_nuts2.rds`: A [simple-features](https://cran.r-project.org/package=sf) dataframe containing the NUTS-2 level polygons of European regions. Derived from Eurostat European Geodata. (c) EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/).
  • `id`: NUTS-2 code.
  • `name`: Name of NUTS-2 region.
  • `geometry`: Polygon outlines for regions in `sf` package format.
• `20-euro_basemap.rds`: A `ggplot` object representing a simple map of Europe.