The online overview offers comprehensive metadata on the EVS datasets and variables.

The variable overview of the four EVS waves 1981, 1990, 1999/2000, and 2008 allows for identifying country specific deviations in the question wording within and across the EVS waves.

This overview can be found at: Online Variable Overview.

Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Replication of the EVS survey carried out in 1981.

Themes: Important areas in life; feeling of happiness; state of health; ever felt: very excited or interested, restless, proud, lonely, pleased, bored, depressed, upset because of criticism; respect and love for parents; important child qualities: good manners, independance, hard work, felling of responsibility, imaginantion, tolerance, saving money, determination perseverance, religious faith, unselfishness, obedience; attitude towards abortion; frequency of political discussions; opinion leader; volentary engagement in: welfare service for elderly, education, labour unions, political parties, local political action, human rights, environment, animal rights, professional associations, youth work, sports, women´s group, peace movement, health group; reasons for voluntary work; characterisation of neighbourhood: people with a ciminal record, of a different race, heavy drinkers, emotionally unstable people, Muslims, Hindus, immigrants or foreign workers, people with AIDS, drug addicts, homosexuals, jews, left-wing or right-wing extremists, people with large families; general confidence; satisfaction with life; freedom of choice and control; willingness to give part of income for better environment; environment talks make people anxios; priority: for men, demestic people, able bodied and younger persons in case of scarce job situation; satisfaction with financial situation of the household; important values at work: good pay, not too much pressure, job security, a respected job, good hours, opportunity to use initiative, generous holidays, responsibility, interesting job, a job that meets one´s abilities, pleasant people, chances for promotion, useful job for society, meeting people; pride in one´s work; job satisfaction; freedom of decision taking in job; job orientation; fair payment; preferred management type; attitude towards following instructions at work; satisfaction with home life; sharing attitudes with partner and parents: towards religion, moral standards, social attitudes, polititcal views, sexual attitudes; ideal number of children; child needs a home with father and mother; a woman has to have children to be fulfilled; marriage as an out-dated institution; woman as a single parent; enjoy sexual freedom; important values for a successful marriage: faithfulness, adequate income, same social background, respect and appreciation, religious beliefs, good housing, agreement on politics, understanding and tolerance, apart from in-laws, happy sexual relationship, sharing household chores, children, taste and interests in common; gender role in job and family; willingness to fight for the own country; expected future changes of values; opinion about scientific advances; interest in politics; political action: signing a petition, joining in boycotts, attending lawful demonstrations, joining unofficial strikes and occupying buildings or factories; prefence for freedom or equality; self-positioning on a left-right scale; basic kinds of attitudes concerning society and economic system; income equality; wealth accumulation; idea of welfare state preferred aims of society and politics; postmaterialism; personal characteristics; conservatism and need for change in politics and economic system; confidence in institutions: churches, armed forces, education system, the press, labour unions, the police, parliament, the civil services, social secure system, major companies EU, NATO and the justice system; approval of: ecology movement, anti-nuclear energy movement, disarmament movement, human rights movement, women´s movement and anti-apartheid movement; party preference and identification; reasons for people living in need; opinion on terrorism; thinking about meaning and purpose of life; feeling that life is meaningless; thoughts about dead; attitude towards good and evil and religion and truth; religious denomination; former religious denomination; church attendence; raised religiously; importance of reli...

This data collection is designed to enable cross-national comparison of values and beliefs in a wide variety of areas and to monitor changes in values and attitudes of mass publics in 14 European countries and the United States and Canada. Broad topics covered are work, the meaning and purpose of life, family life, and contemporary social issues. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of work, family, friends, leisure time, politics, and religion in their lives. They were also asked how satisfied they were with their present lives, whether they tended to persuade others close to them, whether they discussed political matters, and how they viewed society. Questions relating to work included what aspects were important to them in a job, the pride they took in their work, their satisfaction with the present job, and their views on owner/state/employee management of business. Respondents were asked about the groups and associations they belonged to and which ones they worked for voluntarily, the level of trust they had in most people, the groups they would not want as neighbours, their general state of health, and whether they felt they had free choice and control over their lives. A wide range of items was included on the meaning and purpose of life, such as respondents' views on the value of scientific advances, the demarcation of good and evil, and religious behaviour and beliefs. Respondents were queried about whether they shared the same attitudes toward religion, morality, politics, and sexual mores with their partner and parents, their views on marriage and divorce, qualities important for a child to learn, whether a child needs both parents to grow up happy, views on mothers working outside the home, views on abortion, and whether marriage is an outdated institution. Questions regarding political issues probed for respondents' opinions of various forms of political action and the likelihood of their taking an action, the most important aims for their countries, confidence in various civil and governmental institutions, and whether they felt divorce, abortion, suicide, cheating on taxes, lying, and other such actions were ever justified. Constructed variables: PLUS1 to PLUS53 are constructs for 1990 only, C90_1 to C90_51 are constructs which can be used to make comparisons with the same constructs in P0830 named C81_1 to C81_51. Topics of constructs: religiosity, church involvement, moral values, conservatism-progressiveness, confidence in institutions, intolerance, materialism-postmaterialism, political involvement, Bradburn's affect balance scale, marriage, family, abortion, education, work. Background variables: basic characteristics/ residence/ household characteristics/ occupation/employment/ income/capital assets/ education/ social class/ politics/ religion/ organizational membership

This data collection is designed to enable cross-national comparison of values and beliefs in a wide variety of areas and to monitor changes in values and attitudes of mass publics in European countries. Broad topics covered are work, the meaning and purpose of life, family life, and contemporary social issues. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of work, family, friends, leisure time, politics, and religion in their lives. They were also asked how satisfied they were with their present lives, whether they tended to persuade others close to them, whether they discussed political matters, and how they viewed society. Questions relating to work included what aspects were important to them in a job, the pride they took in their work, their satisfaction with the present job, and their views on owner/state/employee management of business. Respondents were asked about the groups and associations they belonged to and which ones they worked for voluntarily, the level of trust they had in most people, the groups they would not want as neighbours, their general state of health, and whether they felt they had free choice and control over their lives. A wide range of items was included on the meaning and purpose of life, such as respondents' views on the value of scientific advances, the demarcation of good and evil, and religious behaviour and beliefs. Respondents were queried about whether they shared the same attitudes toward religion, morality, politics, and sexual mores with their partner and parents, their views on marriage and divorce, qualities important for a child to learn, whether a child needs both parents to grow up happy, views on mothers working outside the home, views on abortion, and whether marriage is an outdated institution. Questions regarding political issues probed for respondents' opinions of various forms of political action and the likelihood of their taking an action, the most important aims for their countries, confidence in various civil and governmental institutions, and whether they felt divorce, abortion, suicide, cheating on taxes, lying, and other such actions were ever justified Background variables: basic characteristics/ residence/ household characteristics/ occupation/employment/ income/capital assets/ education/ social class/ politics/ religion/ organizational membership

The European Values Study is a large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey research program on how Europeans think about family, work, religion, politics, and society. Repeated every nine years in an increasing number of countries, the survey provides insights into the ideas, beliefs, preferences, attitudes, values, and opinions of citizens all over Europe.

As previous waves conducted in 1981, 1990, 1999, 2008, the fifth EVS wave maintains a persistent focus on a broad range of values. Questions are highly comparable across waves and regions, making EVS suitable for research aimed at studying trends over time.

The new wave has seen a strengthening of the methodological standards. The full release of the EVS 2017 includes data and documentation of altogether 37 participating countries. For more information, please go to the EVS website.

Morale, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friends and acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion; happiness; self-assessment of own health; memberships in voluntary organisations (religious or church organisations, cultural activities, trade unions, political parties or groups, environment, ecology, animal rights, professional associations, sports, recreation, or other groups, none); active or inactive membership of humanitarian or charitable organisation, consumer organisation, self-help group or mutual aid; voluntary work in the last six months; tolerance towards minorities (people of a different race, heavy drinkers, immigrants, foreign workers, drug addicts, homosexuals, Christians, Muslims, Jews, and gypsies - social distance); trust in people; estimation of people´s fair and helpful behavior; internal or external control; satisfaction with life; importance of educational goals: desirable qualities of children.

1. Work: attitude towards work (job needed to develop talents, receiving money without working is humiliating, people turn lazy not working, work is a duty towards society, work always comes first); importance of selected aspects of occupational work; give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men over women in jobs.

2. Religion and morale: religious denomination; current and former religious denomination; current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; self-assessment of religiousness; belief in God, life after death, hell, heaven, and re-incarnation; personal god vs. spirit or life force; importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scale); frequency of prayers; morale attitudes (scale: claiming state benefits without entitlement, cheating on taxes, taking soft drugs, accepting a bribe, homosexuality, abortion, divorce, euthanasia, suicide, paying cash to avoid taxes, casual sex, avoiding fare on public transport, prostitution, in-vitro fertilization, political violence, death penalty).

3. Family: trust in family; most important criteria for a successful marriage or partnership (faithfulness, adequate income, good housing, sharing household chores, children, time for friends and personal hobbies); marriage is an outdated institution; attitude towards traditional understanding of one´s role of man and woman in occupation and family (gender roles); homosexual couples are as good parents as other couples; duty towards society to have children; responsibility of adult children for their parents when they are in need of long-term care; to make own parents proud is a main goal in life.

4. Politics and society: political interest; political participation; preference for individual freedom or social equality; self-assessment on a left-right continuum (10-point-scale) (left-right self-placement); individual vs. state responsibility for providing; take any job vs. right to refuse job when unemployed; competition good vs. harmful for people; equal incomes vs. incentives for individual effort; private vs. government ownership of business and industry; postmaterialism (scale); most important aims of the country for the next ten years; willingness to fight for the country; expectation of future development (less importance placed on work and greater respect for authority); trust in institutions; essential characteristics of democracy; importance of democracy for the respondent; rating democracy in own country; satisfaction with the political system in the country; preferred type of political system (strong leader, expert decisions, army should rule the country, or democracy); vote in elections on local level, national level and European level; political party with the most appeal; another political party that most appeals; assessment of country´s elections (votes are counted fairly, opposition candidates are prevented from running, TV news favors the governing party, voters are bribed, journalists provide fair coverage of elections, election officials are fair, rich people buy elections, voters are threatened with violence at the...

Full edition for scientific use. The EVS 1990-2018 Austria Longitudinal Data Study is part of a EVS longitudinal study that focuses on values in European countries. The dataset includes surveys for the EVS waves in which Austria participated in the years 1990, 1999, 2008, and 2018.

This survey is a not up-to-date version. Please, use the updated version included in the EVS integrated data files. This national dataset is only available for replication purposes and analysis with additional country-specific variables (see ´Further Remarks´).

Two online overviews offer comprehensive metadata on the EVS datasets and variables.

The extended study description for the EVS 2008 provides country-specific information on the origin and outcomes of the national surveys The variable overview of the four EVS waves 1981 1990 1999/2000 and 2008 allows for identifying country specific deviations in the question wording within and across the EVS waves.

These overviews can be found at: Extended Study Description Variable Overview

Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friends and acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion; frequency of political discussions with friends; happiness; self-assessment of own health; memberships and unpaid work (volunteering) in: social welfare services, religious or church organisations, education, or cultural activities, labour unions, political parties, local political actions, human rights, environmental or peace movement, professional associations, youth work, sports clubs, women´s groups, voluntary associations concerned with health or other groups; tolerance towards minorities (people with a criminal record, of a different race, left/right wing extremists, alcohol addicts, large families, emotionally unstable people, Muslims, immigrants, AIDS sufferers, drug addicts, homosexuals, Jews, gypsies and Christians - social distance); trust in people; estimation of people´s fair and helpful behaviour; internal or external control; satisfaction with life.

1. Work: reasons for people to live in need; importance of selected aspects of occupational work; employment status; general work satisfaction; freedom of decision-taking in the job; importance of work (work ethics, scale); important aspects of leisure time; attitude towards following instructions at work without criticism (obedience work); give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men over women in jobs.

2. Religion: Individual or general clear guidelines for good and evil; religious denomination; current and former religious denomination; current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; importance of religious celebration at birth, marriage, and funeral; self-assessment of religiousness; churches give adequate answers to moral questions, problems of family life, spiritual needs and social problems of the country; belief in God, life after death, hell, heaven, sin and re-incarnation; personal God versus spirit or life force; own way of connecting with the divine; interest in the sacred or the supernatural; attitude towards the existence of one true religion; importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scale); experience of comfort and strength from religion and belief; moments of prayer and meditation; frequency of prayers; belief in lucky charms or a talisman (10-point-scale); attitude towards the separation of church and state.

3. Family and marriage: most important criteria for a successful marriage (scale); attitude towards childcare (a child needs a home with father and mother, a woman has to have children to be fulfilled, marriage is an out-dated institution, woman as a single-parent); attitude towards marriage, children, and traditional family structure (scale); attitude towards traditional understanding of one´s role of man and woman in occupation and family (scale); attitude towards: respect and love for parents, parent´s responsibilities for their children and the responsibility of adult children for their parents when they are in need of long-term care; importance of educational goals; attitude towards abortion.

4. Politics and society: political interest; political participation; preference for individual freedom or social equality; self-assessment on a left-right continuum (10-point-scale); self-responsibility or governmental provision; free decision of job-taking of the unemployed or no permission to refuse a job; advantage or harmfulness of competition; liberty of firms or governmental control; equal incomes or incentives for individual efforts; attitude concerning capitalism versus government ownership; postmaterialism (scale); expectation of future development (less emphasis on money and material possessions, greater respect for authority); trust in institutions; satisfaction with democracy; assessment of the political system of the country as good or bad (10-point-scale); preferred type of political system (strong leader, expert decisions, army should rule the country, or democracy); attitude towards democracy (scale).

5. Moral attitudes (scale: claiming state benefits without entitlement, cheating on taxes, joyriding, taking soft drugs, lying, adultery,...

This study is no longer up to date. Please, use the new study ZA7504: EVS Trend File 1981-2017 – Sensitive Dataset . The latest data file is also recommended as an improved update for analyses due to the improvements and data revisions.

Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans. Compilation of the data sets from 1981, 1990, 1999, and 2008.

The variable overview allows for comparisons of trend variables of the four EVS waves 1981, 1990, 1999, and 2008. In addition, comparisons of original question texts across the waves 1999 and 2008 are supported.

Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friends and acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion (in Sweden: service to others); frequency of political discussions with friends; happiness; self-assessment of own health; feelings of: excitement or interest, restlessness, pride because of compliments, loneliness, joy about completing a thing, boredom, feeling good, depressed or unhappy, managing everything, sadness because of criticism; feelings of the respondent at home: relaxation, anxiety, happiness, aggression or safety.

1. Leisure: way of spending leisure time and definition of leisure; partners for leisure time: alone, with family, friends, at busy places, colleagues, people at churches or at sport and culture; frequency of political discussions with friends and political opinion leadership; memberships and unpaid work (volunteering) in: social welfare services, religious or church organisations, education, or cultural activities, trade unions, political parties, local political actions, human rights, environmental or peace movement, professional associations, youth work, sports clubs, women´s groups, voluntary associations concerned with health consumption or other groups; motives for volunteering; aversion to people with other setting; feelings of loneliness.

2. Work: reasons for people to live in need; importance of selected aspects of occupational work; employment status; general work satisfaction; freedom of decision-making in the job; importance of work (work ethics, scale); important aspects of leisure time; attitude towards following instructions at work without criticism (obedience work); jobs scarce: give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men over women in jobs, able bodied people over handicapped people and forced retirement for the elderly; satisfaction with the financial situation of the household and expected situation in a year.

Work Environment: work orientation and aspects of job satisfaction; importance of selected characteristics of professional work: good pay, little pressure, job security, respectable activity, flexible working hours, ability to show initiative, a lot of vacation, meeting objectives, responsibility, interesting work, meeting one´s own skills, nice colleagues, good career opportunities, serving society, contact with people, good physical conditions of work and weekend leisure, looking forward to work after the weekend, pride of one´s work, family friendly, have a say, people treated equally; perceived exploitation in the workplace; general job satisfaction (scale); satisfaction with job security; use of paid days off: look for additional salaried work, training, meeting with friends and family, additional working against boredom, voluntary work, hobbies, running one´s own business, relaxation.

1. Religion: deism or nihilism; opinion about good and evil in everyone; feel remorse; being worth risking life for: own country, life of another person, justice, freedom, peace, religion; individual or general clear guidelines for good and evil; religious denomination; current and former religious denomination; raised religiously; current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; importance of religious celebration at birth, marriage and funeral; self-assessment of religiousness; churches give adequate answers to moral questions, problems of family life, spiritual needs and social problems of the country; assessment of the importance of religion for the future; attitude towards the role of the Church in political issues (scale); belief in God, life after death, soul, hell, heaven, sin, telepathy, reincarnation, angels, devil, resurrection from the dead; stick to religion vs. explore different traditions; personal God versus spirit or life force; own way of connecting with the divine; interest in the sacred or the supernatural; attitude towards the existence of one true religion; importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scalometer); experience of comfort and strength from religion and belief; moments of prayer and meditation; frequency of prayers; approval or rejection of the single 10 bids by the respondents and most people; supernatural experiences: feeling of connection with someone far away, seeing events that happened far away, felt in touch with someone dead, proximity to a powerful life force, change in the way of...

The European Values Study is designed to enable cross-national comparison of values, beliefs and attitudes, as well as preferences and priorities, and the changes in time concerning these issues. Uniform questionnaires were used to interview representative samples in 33 European countries: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Northern Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, and the Ukraine. The EVS 1999/2000 is the third wave (after 1981 and 1990) covering the following fields: religion and morality / politics, society and economy / work and leisure-time / primary relations. For more detailed information, and information about updates: see also the EVS website.

Date Submitted: 2003-09-01
Date Submitted: 2007-07-30

Two online overviews offer comprehensive metadata on the EVS datasets and variables.

The extended study description for the EVS 2008 provides country-specific information on the origin and outcomes of the national surveys The variable overview of the four EVS waves 1981, 1990, 1999/2000, and 2008 allows for identifying country specific deviations in the question wording within and across the EVS waves.

These overviews can be found at: Extended Study Description Variable Overview

Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friends and acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion; frequency of political discussions with friends; happiness; self-assessment of own health; memberships and unpaid work (volunteering) in: social welfare services, religious or church organisations, education, or cultural activities, labour unions, political parties, local political actions, human rights, environmental or peace movement, professional associations, youth work, sports clubs, women´s groups, voluntary associations concerned with health or other groups; tolerance towards minorities (people with a criminal record, of a different race, left/right wing extremists, alcohol addicts, large families, emotionally unstable people, Muslims, immigrants, AIDS sufferers, drug addicts, homosexuals, Jews, gypsies and Christians - social distance); trust in people; estimation of people´s fair and helpful behaviour; internal or external control; satisfaction with life.

1. Work: reasons for people to live in need; importance of selected aspects of occupational work; employment status; general work satisfaction; freedom of decision-taking in the job; importance of work (work ethics, scale); important aspects of leisure time; attitude towards following instructions at work without criticism (obedience work); give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men over women in jobs.

2. Religion: individual or general clear guidelines for good and evil; religious denomination; current and former religious denomination; current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; importance of religious celebration at birth, marriage, and funeral; self-assessment of religiousness; churches give adequate answers to moral questions, problems of family life, spiritual needs and social problems of the country; belief in God, life after death, hell, heaven, sin and re-incarnation; personal God versus spirit or life force; own way of connecting with the divine; interest in the sacred or the supernatural; attitude towards the existence of one true religion; importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scale); experience of comfort and strength from religion and belief; moments of prayer and meditation; frequency of prayers; belief in lucky charms or a talisman (10-point-scale); attitude towards the separation of church and state.

3. Family and marriage: most important criteria for a successful marriage (scale); attitude towards childcare (a child needs a home with father and mother, a woman has to have children to be fulfilled, marriage is an out-dated institution, woman as a single-parent); attitude towards marriage, children, and traditional family structure (scale); attitude towards traditional understanding of one´s role of man and woman in occupation and family (scale); attitude towards: respect and love for parents, parent´s responsibilities for their children and the responsibility of adult children for their parents when they are in need of long-term care; importance of educational goals; attitude towards abortion.

4. Politics and society: political interest; political participation; preference for individual freedom or social equality; self-assessment on a left-right continuum (10-point-scale); self-responsibility or governmental provision; free decision of job-taking of the unemployed or no permission to refuse a job; advantage or harmfulness of competition; liberty of firms or governmental control; equal incomes or incentives for individual efforts; attitude concerning capitalism versus government ownership; postmaterialism (scale); expectation of future development (less emphasis on money and material possessions, greater respect for authority); trust in institutions; satisfaction with democracy; assessment of the political system of the country as good or bad (10-point-scale); preferred type of political system (strong leader, expert decisions, army should rule the country, or democracy); attitude towards democracy (scale).

5. Moral attitudes (scale: claiming state benefits without entitlement, cheating on taxes, joyriding, taking soft drugs, lying, adultery, bribe money, homosexuality, abortion, divorce, euthanasia, suicide, corruption, paying cash, casual sex, avoiding fare on public transport, prostitution, experiments with human embryos, genetic manipulation of food, insemination or in-vitro fertilization and...

The adult population of the country 18 years old and older.

This survey is a not up-to-date version. Please, use the updated version included in the EVS integrated data files. This national dataset is only available for replication purposes and analysis with additional country-specific variables (see ´Further Remarks´).

Two online overviews offer comprehensive metadata on the EVS datasets and variables.

The extended study description for the EVS 2008 provides country-specific information on the origin and outcomes of the national surveys The variable overview of the four EVS waves 1981 1990 1999/2000 and 2008 allows for identifying country specific deviations in the question wording within and across the EVS waves.

These overviews can be found at: Extended Study Description Variable Overview

Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friends and acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion; frequency of political discussions with friends; happiness; self-assessment of own health; memberships and unpaid work (volunteering) in: social welfare services, religious or church organisations, education, or cultural activities, labour unions, political parties, local political actions, human rights, environmental or peace movement, professional associations, youth work, sports clubs, women´s groups, voluntary associations concerned with health or other groups; tolerance towards minorities (people with a criminal record, of a different race, left/right wing extremists, alcohol addicts, large families, emotionally unstable people, Muslims, immigrants, AIDS sufferers, drug addicts, homosexuals, Jews, gypsies and Christians - social distance); trust in people; estimation of people´s fair and helpful behaviour; internal or external control; satisfaction with life.

1. Work: reasons for people to live in need; importance of selected aspects of occupational work; employment status; general work satisfaction; freedom of decision-taking in the job; importance of work (work ethics, scale); important aspects of leisure time; attitude towards following instructions at work without criticism (obedience work); give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men over women in jobs.

2. Religion: Individual or general clear guidelines for good and evil; religious denomination; current and former religious denomination; current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; importance of religious celebration at birth, marriage, and funeral; self-assessment of religiousness; churches give adequate answers to moral questions, problems of family life, spiritual needs and social problems of the country; belief in God, life after death, hell, heaven, sin and re-incarnation; personal God versus spirit or life force; own way of connecting with the divine; interest in the sacred or the supernatural; attitude towards the existence of one true religion; importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scale); experience of comfort and strength from religion and belief; moments of prayer and meditation; frequency of prayers; belief in lucky charms or a talisman (10-point-scale); attitude towards the separation of church and state.

3. Family and marriage: most important criteria for a successful marriage (scale); attitude towards childcare (a child needs a home with father and mother, a woman has to have children to be fulfilled, marriage is an out-dated institution, woman as a single-parent); attitude towards marriage, children, and traditional family structure (scale); attitude towards traditional understanding of one´s role of man and woman in occupation and family (scale); attitude towards: respect and love for parents, parent´s responsibilities for their children and the responsibility of adult children for their parents when they are in need of long-term care; importance of educational goals; attitude towards abortion.

4. Politics and society: political interest; political participation; preference for individual freedom or social equality; self-assessment on a left-right continuum (10-point-scale); self-responsibility or governmental provision; free decision of job-taking of the unemployed or no permission to refuse a job; advantage or harmfulness of competition; liberty of firms or governmental control; equal incomes or incentives for individual efforts; attitude concerning capitalism versus government ownership; postmaterialism (scale); expectation of future development (less emphasis on money and material possessions, greater respect for authority); trust in institutions; satisfaction with democracy; assessment of the political system of the country as good or bad (10-point-scale); preferred type of political system (strong leader, expert decisions, army should rule the country, or democracy); attitude towards democracy (scale).

5. Moral attitudes (scale: claiming state benefits without entitlement, cheating on taxes, joyriding, taking soft drugs, lying, adultery,...

This survey is a not up-to-date version. Please, use the updated version included in the EVS integrated data files. This national dataset is only available for replication purposes and analysis with additional country-specific variables (see ´Further Remarks´).

Two online overviews offer comprehensive metadata on the EVS datasets and variables.

The extended study description for the EVS 2008 provides country-specific information on the origin and outcomes of the national surveys The variable overview of the four EVS waves 1981 1990 1999/2000 and 2008 allows for identifying country specific deviations in the question wording within and across the EVS waves.

Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friends and acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion; frequency of political discussions with friends; happiness; self-assessment of own health; memberships and unpaid work (volunteering) in: social welfare services, religious or church organisations, education, or cultural activities, labour unions, political parties, local political actions, human rights, environmental or peace movement, professional associations, youth work, sports clubs, women´s groups, voluntary associations concerned with health or other groups; tolerance towards minorities (people with a criminal record, of a different race, left/right wing extremists, alcohol addicts, large families, emotionally unstable people, Muslims, immigrants, AIDS sufferers, drug addicts, homosexuals, Jews, gypsies and Christians - social distance); trust in people; estimation of people´s fair and helpful behaviour; internal or external control; satisfaction with life.

1. Work: reasons for people to live in need; importance of selected aspects of occupational work; employment status; general work satisfaction; freedom of decision-taking in the job; importance of work (work ethics, scale); important aspects of leisure time; attitude towards following instructions at work without criticism (obedience work); give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men over women in jobs.

2. Religion: Individual or general clear guidelines for good and evil; religious denomination; current and former religious denomination; current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; importance of religious celebration at birth, marriage, and funeral; self-assessment of religiousness; churches give adequate answers to moral questions, problems of family life, spiritual needs and social problems of the country; belief in God, life after death, hell, heaven, sin and re-incarnation; personal God versus spirit or life force; own way of connecting with the divine; interest in the sacred or the supernatural; attitude towards the existence of one true religion; importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scale); experience of comfort and strength from religion and belief; moments of prayer and meditation; frequency of prayers; belief in lucky charms or a talisman (10-point-scale); attitude towards the separation of church and state.

3. Family and marriage: most important criteria for a successful marriage (scale); attitude towards childcare (a child needs a home with father and mother, a woman has to have children to be fulfilled, marriage is an out-dated institution, woman as a single-parent); attitude towards marriage, children, and traditional family structure (scale); attitude towards traditional understanding of one´s role of man and woman in occupation and family (scale); attitude towards: respect and love for parents, parent´s responsibilities for their children and the responsibility of adult children for their parents when they are in need of long-term care; importance of educational goals; attitude towards abortion.

4. Politics and society: political interest; political participation; preference for individual freedom or social equality; self-assessment on a left-right continuum (10-point-scale); self-responsibility or governmental provision; free decision of job-taking of the unemployed or no permission to refuse a job; advantage or harmfulness of competition; liberty of firms or governmental control; equal incomes or incentives for individual efforts; attitude concerning capitalism versus government ownership; postmaterialism (scale); expectation of future development (less emphasis on money and material possessions, greater respect for auth...

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The European Values Study (EVS) and World Values Survey (WVS) series is designed to enable a cross-national, cross-cultural comparison of values and norms on a wide variety of topics and to monitor changes in values and attitudes across the globe. The WVS is one of the world's most extensive and most widely used social surveys. Since 1981, it has captured the views of almost 400,000 respondents in over 110 countries, covering topics including cultural identity, migration, trust, empathy, tolerance, media consumption, political interest, the environment and more.

These surveys show pervasive changes in what people want out of life and what they believe. To monitor these changes, the EVS/WVS has executed seven waves of surveys to date at various times between 1981 and 2022. Representative national samples of each society's public are interviewed using a standardised questionnaire covering various social, economic, cultural and religious topics. The countries included in these surveys cover the full range from very poor countries to very rich ones, from authoritarian systems to liberal democracies, covering all major cultural zones.

Further information about each survey series can be found on the EVS and WVS websites.

Background to the European Values Studies
The European Values Study (EVS) is a large-scale, cross-national and longitudinal survey of moral, religious, political and social values. The project was designed to investigate the nature and inter-relationship of value systems, their degree of homogeneity, and the extent to which they are subject to change across time.
To date there have been 3 waves, the first carried out in 1981, the second in 1990 and the third in 1999/2000.
The 1981 survey was carried out in ten member states of the European Community. After the initial fieldwork the survey was carried out in a further 16 countires (Argentina, Australia, Chile, Canada, Finland, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Malta, Mexico, Norway, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, United States and parts of the Soviet Union).
The 1990 survey was carried out in all European countries as well as the United States and Canada.The third EVS was carried out in Europe.
Further information can be found on the EVS web pages

Northern Ireland European Values Survey, 1999
The aim of this study was the inclusion of Northern Ireland as a fully participant member of the 1999 European Values Study (EVS). The survey was carried out by means of face-to-face interviews with a sample of 1000 randomly-selected adults, representative of the adult population of Northern Ireland. The study was based on an adapted version of the 1999 wave of the EVS, which has now been completed in most countries of western and eastern Europe, including the Republic of Ireland. As in previous EVS studies, the core questions focus on values and attitudes in areas such as religion, ethics, politics, work motivation, family and life-style. In addition to these core elements, however, the Northern Ireland survey also included and additional range of items on aspects of culture and identity peculiar to the island of Ireland. For example, respondents in this survey and the Republic of Ireland EVS wave (not currently held at the UK Data Archive) were questioned about their views on various aspects of the Good Friday Agreement and about their attitudes to national identity. Special care was taken to ensure that these additional questions were relevant within and across the two societies.

These data are also included in European and World Values Survey Four-wave Integrated Data File, 1981-2004, which is available for online analysis and download. Please see SN: 5488 for details.



Main Topics:

Topics covered include attitudes to work, religion, social groups, local communities, environmental protection, voluntary organisations, government, politics and democracy, family and friends, life satisfaction, human needs, marriage, children, concerns over the troubled situation in Northern Ireland, paramilitary violence, the Good Friday Agreement, political developments and devolved government and associated views on national identity. A range of demographic information was also collected.

Standard Measures
Previous EVS measures from the 1981 and 1990 studies on values and attitudes in areas such as religion, ethics, politics, work, motivation, family and life-style were used.

Mixed-Mode-Erhebungsverfahren Persönliches Interview: CAPI (Computerunterstützte persönliche Befragung) Persönliches Interview: PAPI (Papierfragebogen) Telefonisches Interview: CATI (Computerunterstützte telefonische Befragung) Selbstausfüller: CAWI (Computerunterstütztes Web-Interview) Selbstausfüller: Papier

In allen Ländern wurde die Feldarbeit auf der Grundlage detaillierter und einheitlicher Anweisungen der EVS-Beratergruppen durchgeführt. Der Hauptmodus in EVS 2017 ist Face-to-Face (vom Interviewer verwaltet). Eine alternative selbstverwaltete Form war möglich, aber als paralleler Mischmodus, d.h. es gab keine Wahlmöglichkeit für den Befragten zwischen den Modi: Entweder er/sie wurde persönlich zugewiesen, oder er/sie wurde dem Web- oder Web-/Mail-Format zugeordnet. In allen Ländern, die in die erste Vorabveröffentlichung einbezogen waren, wurde der EVS-Fragebogen als Face-to-Face-Interview (CAPI oder/und PAPI) durchgeführt.

Der EVS 2017 Master-Fragebogen wurde auf Englisch zur Verfügung gestellt, und jeder nationale Programmdirektor musste sicherstellen, dass der Fragebogen in alle Sprachen übersetzt wurde, die von 5% oder mehr der Bevölkerung des Landes gesprochen wurden. Ein zentrales Team überwachte den Übersetzungsprozess mit Hilfe des von CentERdata (Tilburg) entwickelten Translation Management Tools (TMT).

EVS 2008: Face-to-face Interviews mit standardisiertem Fragebogen. In allen Ländern wurde die Feldarbeit auf Basis detaillierter und einheitlicher Anweisungen durchgeführt die von den EVS Beratungsgremien ausgearbeitet wurden. In allen Ländern wurden die face-to-face Interviews in den Sprachen durchgeführt, die von mindestens 5 Prozent der jeweiligen Bevölkerung gesprochen werden. In nahezu allen Ländern wurden für die Datenerfassung CAPI oder PAPI Systeme verwendet. Ausnahmen bilden Finnland (Internet Panel) und Schweden (postalische Befragung). Der englische Ausgangsfragebogen wurde mit Hilfe des Fragebogen-Übersetzungssystems WebTrans übersetzt. Dies ist eine Übersetzungsplattform, die von Gallup Europe entwickelt wurde und es ermöglichte den Übersetzungsprozess umfassend zu dokumentieren und genau zu überprüfen (siehe EVS (2010): EVS 2008 Guidelines and Recommendations. GESIS-Technical Reports 2010/16. Retrieved from: EVS webpage

EVS 1999: Face-to-face Interviews mit standardisiertem Fragebogen. In Island wurde etwa ein Viertel der Befragten über Telefon interviewt da diese in entlegenen Teilen des Landes lebten.

EVS 1990: Persönliches Interview mit standardisiertem Fragebogen

EVS 1981: Persönliches Interview mit standardisiertem Fragebogen

The EVS Integrated Dataset 2008 is offered in two different versions: • The EVS Integrated Dataset 2008 (Restricted Use File), ZA4799 contains complete information, i.e. also data that could not be included in the EVS 2008 ZA4800 because of data protection concerns. Due to the sensitive nature of the data, its usage is subject to specific contractual regulations. The contract allowing for off-site access can be downloaded in section ‘Data and Documentation’ of the study description. • The EVS Integrated Dataset 2008, ZA4800 contains de facto anonymised data, i.e. specific information is aggregated into coarse categories providing less detailed information on respondent’s residence and occupation. It is provided for direct download through the GESIS data catalogue free of charge after registration.

This survey is a not up-to-date version. Please, use the updated version included in the EVS integrated data files. This national dataset is only available for replication purposes and analysis with additional country-specific variables (see ´Further Remarks´).

Two online overviews offer comprehensive metadata on the EVS datasets and variables.

The extended study description for the EVS 2008 provides country-specific information on the origin and outcomes of the national surveys The variable overview of the four EVS waves 1981 1990 1999/2000 and 2008 allows for identifying country specific deviations in the question wording within and across the EVS waves.

These overviews can be found at: Extended Study Description Variable Overview

Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friends and acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion; frequency of political discussions with friends; happiness; self-assessment of own health; memberships and unpaid work (volunteering) in: social welfare services, religious or church organisations, education, or cultural activities, labour unions, political parties, local political actions, human rights, environmental or peace movement, professional associations, youth work, sports clubs, women´s groups, voluntary associations concerned with health or other groups; tolerance towards minorities (people with a criminal record, of a different race, left/right wing extremists, alcohol addicts, large families, emotionally unstable people, Muslims, immigrants, AIDS sufferers, drug addicts, homosexuals, Jews, gypsies and Christians - social distance); trust in people; estimation of people´s fair and helpful behaviour; internal or external control; satisfaction with life.

1. Work: reasons for people to live in need; importance of selected aspects of occupational work; employment status; general work satisfaction; freedom of decision-taking in the job; importance of work (work ethics, scale); important aspects of leisure time; attitude towards following instructions at work without criticism (obedience work); give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men over women in jobs.

2. Religion: Individual or general clear guidelines for good and evil; religious denomination; current and former religious denomination; current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; importance of religious celebration at birth, marriage, and funeral; self-assessment of religiousness; churches give adequate answers to moral questions, problems of family life, spiritual needs and social problems of the country; belief in God, life after death, hell, heaven, sin and re-incarnation; personal God versus spirit or life force; own way of connecting with the divine; interest in the sacred or the supernatural; attitude towards the existence of one true religion; importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scale); experience of comfort and strength from religion and belief; moments of prayer and meditation; frequency of prayers; belief in lucky charms or a talisman (10-point-scale); attitude towards the separation of church and state.

3. Family and marriage: most important criteria for a successful marriage (scale); attitude towards childcare (a child needs a home with father and mother, a woman has to have children to be fulfilled, marriage is an out-dated institution, woman as a single-parent); attitude towards marriage, children, and traditional family structure (scale); attitude towards traditional understanding of one´s role of man and woman in occupation and family (scale); attitude towards: respect and love for parents, parent´s responsibilities for their children and the responsibility of adult children for their parents when they are in need of long-term care; importance of educational goals; attitude towards abortion.

4. Politics and society: political interest; political participation; preference for individual freedom or social equality; self-assessment on a left-right continuum (10-point-scale); self-responsibility or governmental provision; free decision of job-taking of the unemployed or no permission to refuse a job; advantage or harmfulness of competition; liberty of firms or governmental control; equal incomes or incentives for indivi...

Die Variablenübersicht über die vier Wellen EVS 1981, 1990, 1999/2000 und 2008
ermöglicht die Identifizierung der Trendvariablen in allen vier Wellen sowie
länderspezifischer Abweichungen im Fragewortlaut innerhalb und zwischen den EVS Wellen.

Diese Übersicht ist abrufbar unter:
Online Variable Overview.


Moralische, religiöse, gesellschaftliche, politische, ökonomische und
soziale Wertvorstellungen der Europäer.

Themen: Glücksgefühle; subjektiver Gesundheitszustand; Gefühle von:
Aufregung oder Interesse, Rastlosigkeit, Stolz aufgrund von
Komplimenten, Einsamkeit, Freude über Vollendung einer Sache,
Langeweile, Wohlfühlen, Depression oder Unzufriedenheit, Traurigkeit
bei Kritik; Gefühlslage des Befragten zu Hause: Entspannung, Angst,
Zufriedenheit, Aggression, Sicherheit; Respekt und Liebe für die
Eltern; Verantwortlichkeit der Eltern für ihre Kinder; wichtige
Erziehungsziele bei Kindern: gute Manieren, Höflichkeit,
Unabhängigkeit, harte Arbeit, Ehrlichkeit, Verantwortungsgefühl,
Geduld, Vorstellungskraft, Toleranz und Respekt für andere,
Führungsrolle, Selbstkontrolle, Sparsamkeit, Beharrlichkeit, religiöser
Glaube, Bescheidenheit, Gehorsam, Loyalität; Rechtfertigung von
Abtreibung bei: gesundheitlichem Risiko für die Mutter, Behinderung des
Kindes, Mutter nicht verheiratet, fehlendem Kinderwunsch;
Freizeitgestaltung: allein, mit der Familie, mit Freunden, an belebten
Orten; Diskussion politischer Themen mit Freunden; politische
Meinungsführerschaft; Mitgliedschaften und ehrenamtliches Engagement
bei: Unterstützung älterer Menschen, religiösen Organisationen,
kulturellen Aktivitäten, Gewerkschaften, Parteien, Menschenrechten,
Umwelt- und Tierschutz, Berufsvereinigung, Jugendarbeit und
Verbraucherschutz; Abneigung gegenüber Leuten mit anderer Einstellung;
Einsamkeitsgefühl; Einschätzung der allgemeinen Hilfsbereitschaft in
der heutigen Zeit; Beschreibung des sozialen Umfelds in der
Nachbarschaft des Befragten: Personen mit kriminellem Hintergrund, von
anderer Hautfarbe, mit Alkoholproblemen, mit emotional instabiler
Persönlichkeit, Immigranten, Links-Extremisten, Rechts-Extremisten, mit
großen Familien, Studenten, allein erziehende Mütter, religiöse
Minderheiten; vertrauenswürdige Person; gegenseitiges Vertrauen
jüngerer Menschen zu älteren; Lebenszufriedenheit allgemein, vor fünf
Jahren und in fünf Jahren; empfundene Freiheit und Selbstbestimmung;
Zufriedenheit mit der eigenen finanziellen Situation; erwartete
finanzielle Situation in 12 Monaten; Arbeitsorientierung und Aspekte
von Arbeitszufriedenheit: gute Bezahlung, wenig Druck,
Arbeitsplatzsicherheit, angesehene Tätigkeit, flexible Arbeitszeit,
Möglichkeit zur Eigeninitiative, viel Urlaub, Erfüllung von Zielen,
Verantwortung, Entsprechung der eigenen Fähigkeiten, nette
Arbeitskollegen, gute Aufstiegschancen, der Gesellschaft dienlich und
Kontakt zu Menschen; Freude, nach dem Wochenende zur Arbeit zu gehen;
Stolz auf geleistete Arbeit; Ausnutzung am Arbeitsplatz; Zufriedenheit
mit der Arbeit; Entscheidungsfreiheit bei der Arbeit; Nutzung von
bezahlten freien Tagen: Suche nach zusätzlicher entlohnter Arbeit,
Fortbildung, Treffen mit Freunden und Familie, zusätzliche Arbeit gegen
die Langeweile, ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit, Hobbys, Leitung eines eigenen
Geschäfts, Entspannung; Gerechtigkeitsempfinden bei unterschiedlicher
Bezahlung zweier Angestellter; Präferenz für Mitbestimmung oder
staatliche Steuerung von Unternehmen; Einstellung zum bedingungslosen
Befolgen von Anweisungen bei der Arbeit; Zufriedenheit mit dem
Privatleben; Übereinstimmen der Ansichten des Partners sowie der Eltern
mit dem Befragten im Hinblick auf: Religion, moralische Standards,
soziale Einstellungen, politische Ansichten und sexuelle Vorstellungen;
ideale Kinderzahl; Einstellungen zum Aufwachsen von Kindern mit beiden
Elternteilen, zur Erfüllung der Frau durch Kinder, zu sexueller
Selbstbestimmung, zur Ehe als überholte Institution, zu allein
erziehenden Frauen, zum Ausleben sexueller Freiheit; wichtige Aspekte
für eine erfolgreiche Ehe: Treue, gutes Einkommen, gleicher sozialer
Hintergrund, Respekt und Anerkennung, religiöser Hintergrund, gute
Unterkunft, politisches Einvernehmen, Verstehen und Toleranz, Abstand
von Angeheirateten, gute sexuelle Beziehung, Arbeitsteilung im
Haushalt, Kinder, gleicher Geschmack und Interessen; akzeptierte Gründe
für eine Scheidung: finanzieller Bankrott, Krankheit,
Alkoholabhängigkeit, Gewalttätigkeit oder Untreue seitens des Partners,
sexuelle Unzufriedenheit, fehlende Liebe, Nicht-Verstehen mit
Verwandten, Kinderlosigkeit, unterschiedliche Persönlichkeiten;
Lebensziele des Befragten; Hauptziel von Gefängnisstrafe; Bereitschaft
für sein Land zu kämpfen; Einschätzung der Kriegswahrscheinlichkeit im
eigenen Land in den nächsten fünf Jahren; erwartete Veränderungen von
Werten wie: materielle Güter, Arbeit, Technologie, Individuum,
Autoritätsgläubigkeit, Familie, einfachem Lebensstil; Einstellung zum
wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt; Politikinteresse; politische
Partizipation: Unterzeichnung einer Petition, Teilnahme an Boykotts,
Teilnahme an genehmigten Demonstrationen, Teilnahme an wilden Streiks,
Hausbesetzung, Vandalismus, körperliche Gewalt; Präferenz für Frieden
oder Gleichheit; Selbsteinschätzung auf einem Links-Rechts-Kontinuum;
gesellschaftliche Grundeinstellungen; Institutionenvertrauen in:
Kirchen, Armee, Bildungssystem, Presse, Gewerkschaften, Polizei,
Parlament, öffentlicher Dienst, große Unternehmen, Justizwesen;
aufgrund unsicherer Zukunft in den Tag hinein leben; Parteineigung;
Parteipräferenz und Parteiidentifikation; tägliche Zeitungslektüre;
Häufigkeit von Fernsehen; Meinung zu Terrorismus; gedankliche
Beschäftigung mit dem Sinn des Lebens; Gefühl über Sinnlosigkeit des
Lebens; Gedanken über den Tod; Meinung zu Gut und Böse in jedem
Menschen; Reue empfinden; Dinge, für die es sich lohnt sein Leben zu
riskieren: Land, Leben eines anderen, Gerechtigkeit, Freiheit, Frieden,
Religion; Einstellung zu Gut und Böse sowie Religion und Wahrheit;
Konfession; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Religiosität; Kirche als Antwort auf:
moralische Fragen, Probleme im Familienleben, spirituelle Bedürfnisse;
Wichtigkeit von Religion in der Zukunft; Glaube an: Gott, Leben nach
dem Tod, Seele, Hölle, Himmel, Sünde, Reinkarnation, Teufel; Glaube an
Gott oder spirituelle Lebensenergie; Wichtigkeit von Gott im Leben;
Kraft und Trost durch Religion; Bedürfnis nach Gebet und Meditation;
Zustimmung oder Ablehnung der einzelnen Zehn Gebote durch den Befragten
und die meisten Menschen; übersinnliche Erlebnisse: sich mit jemand
weit entfernten verbunden fühlen, weit entfernte Ereignisse wahrnehmen,
mit einem Toten in Kontakt getreten, Nähe zu einer mächtigen
Lebenskraft; Veränderung der Sichtweise auf das Leben durch ein
übersinnliches Ereignis; Beziehung zwischen den Eltern in der
Jugendzeit des Befragten; Verbundenheit des Befragten zu den beiden
Elternteilen; strenge Erziehung durch die Eltern; moralische
Wertvorstellungen: Einstellung zur Inanspruchnahme nicht zustehender
staatlicher Leistungen, zu Schwarzfahren, Steuerhinterziehung, Annehmen
von Bestechungsgeld, Homosexualität, Prostitution, Abtreibung,
Scheidung, Euthanasie, Selbstmord, unerlaubte Benutzung von Fahrzeugen,
Konsum leichter Drogen, Lügen, Ehebruch, Geschlechtsverkehr unter
Minderjährigen, politisches Attentat, Hehlerei, Behalten von gefundenem
Geld, Gewalt gegen die Polizei, Fahrerflucht bei Schaden an einem
geparkten Fahrzeug, Drohungen gegen Streikbrecher, Töten aus Notwehr;
Häufigkeit und Menge des eigenen Alkoholkonsums im Vergleich zu
anderen; Einschätzung der Ernsthaftigkeit des Konsums illegaler Drogen
und Alkoholismus im Lande; Einordnung in eine geographische Gruppe;
Nationalstolz.

Demographie: Geschlecht; Geburtsjahr; Alter des Befragten;
Familienstand; Kinderzahl; Haushaltsgröße; Zahl der Personen im
Haushalt 18 Jahre und älter; Zahl der Personen im Haushalt in
verschiedene Altersgruppen; Alter bei Ende der Ausbildung;
Zusammenleben mit den Eltern; Haus oder Wohnung; Erwerbsstatus;
Haushaltsvorstand; Wohnstatus; Beruf; Betriebsgröße;
Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft des Befragten oder des Partner; Beruf des
Haushaltsvorstands; sozioökonomischer Status des Befragten; Einkommen;
Ortsgröße; Art der Wohnung; ethnische Zugehörigkeit.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Land; Region; Vertrauenswürdigkeit des
Befragten; Gesamteindruck des Befragten; Gewichtung.

This survey is a not up-to-date version. Please, use the updated version included in the EVS integrated data files. This national dataset is only available for replication purposes and analysis with additional country-specific variables (see ´Further Remarks´).

Two online overviews offer comprehensive metadata on the EVS datasets and variables.

The extended study description for the EVS 2008 provides country-specific information on the origin and outcomes of the national surveys The variable overview of the four EVS waves 1981 1990 1999/2000 and 2008 allows for identifying country specific deviations in the question wording within and across the EVS waves.

These overviews can be found at: Extended Study Description Variable Overview

Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values of Europeans.

Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friends and acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion; frequency of political discussions with friends; happiness; self-assessment of own health; memberships and unpaid work (volunteering) in: social welfare services, religious or church organisations, education, or cultural activities, labour unions, political parties, local political actions, human rights, environmental or peace movement, professional associations, youth work, sports clubs, women´s groups, voluntary associations concerned with health or other groups; tolerance towards minorities (people with a criminal record, of a different race, left/right wing extremists, alcohol addicts, large families, emotionally unstable people, Muslims, immigrants, AIDS sufferers, drug addicts, homosexuals, Jews, gypsies and Christians - social distance); trust in people; estimation of people´s fair and helpful behaviour; internal or external control; satisfaction with life.

1. Work: reasons for people to live in need; importance of selected aspects of occupational work; employment status; general work satisfaction; freedom of decision-taking in the job; importance of work (work ethics, scale); important aspects of leisure time; attitude towards following instructions at work without criticism (obedience work); give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men over women in jobs.

2. Religion: Individual or general clear guidelines for good and evil; religious denomination; current and former religious denomination; current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; importance of religious celebration at birth, marriage, and funeral; self-assessment of religiousness; churches give adequate answers to moral questions, problems of family life, spiritual needs and social problems of the country; belief in God, life after death, hell, heaven, sin and re-incarnation; personal God versus spirit or life force; own way of connecting with the divine; interest in the sacred or the supernatural; attitude towards the existence of one true religion; importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scale); experience of comfort and strength from religion and belief; moments of prayer and meditation; frequency of prayers; belief in lucky charms or a talisman (10-point-scale); attitude towards the separation of church and state.

3. Family and marriage: most important criteria for a successful marriage (scale); attitude towards childcare (a child needs a home with father and mother, a woman has to have children to be fulfilled, marriage is an out-dated institution, woman as a single-parent); attitude towards marriage, children, and traditional family structure (scale); attitude towards traditional understanding of one´s role of man and woman in occupation and family (scale); attitude towards: respect and love for parents, parent´s responsibilities for their children and the responsibility of adult children for their parents when they are in need of long-term care; importance of educational goals; attitude towards abortion.

4. Politics and society: political interest; political participation; preference for individual freedom or social equality; self-assessment on a left-right continuum (10-point-scale); self-responsibility or governmental provision; free decision of job-taking of the unemployed or no permission to refuse a job; advantage or harmfulness of competition; liberty of firms or governmental control; equal incomes or incentives for individual efforts; attitude concerning capitalism versus government ownership; postmaterialism (scale); expectation of future development (less emphasis on money and material possessions, greater respect for authority); trust in institutions; satisfaction with democracy; assessment of the political system of the country as good or bad (10-point-scale); preferred type of political system (strong leader, expert decisions, army should rule the country, or democracy); attitude towards democracy (scale).

5. Moral attitudes (scale: claiming state benefits without entitlement, cheating on taxes, joyriding, taking soft drugs, lying, adultery,...

Two online overviews offer comprehensive metadata on the EVS datasets and variables.The extended study description for the EVS 2008 provides country-specificinformation on the origin and outcomes of the national surveys The variable overview of the four EVS waves 1981 1990 1999/2000 and 2008 allows for identifying country specific deviations in the question wording within and across the EVS waves.These overviews can be found at:Extended Study DescriptionVariable Overview Moral, religious, societal, political, work, and family values ofEuropeans.Topics: 1. Perceptions of life: importance of work, family, friendsand acquaintances, leisure time, politics and religion; frequency ofpolitical discussions with friends; happiness; self-assessment of ownhealth; memberships and unpaid work (volunteering) in: social welfareservices, religious or church organisations, education, or culturalactivities, labour unions, political parties, local political actions,human rights, environmental or peace movement, professionalassociations, youth work, sports clubs, women´s groups, voluntaryassociations concerned with health or other groups; tolerance towardsminorities (people with a criminal record, of a different race,left/right wing extremists, alcohol addicts, large families,emotionally unstable people, Muslims, immigrants, AIDS sufferers, drugaddicts, homosexuals, Jews, gypsies and Christians - social distance);trust in people; estimation of people´s fair and helpful behaviour;internal or external control; satisfaction with life.2. Work: reasons for people to live in need; importance of selectedaspects of occupational work; employment status; general worksatisfaction; freedom of decision-taking in the job; importance of work(work ethics, scale); important aspects of leisure time; attitudetowards following instructions at work without criticism (obediencework); give priority to nationals over foreigners as well as men overwomen in jobs.3. Religion: Individual or general clear guidelines for good and evil;religious denomination; current and former religious denomination;current frequency of church attendance and at the age of 12; importanceof religious celebration at birth, marriage, and funeral;self-assessment of religiousness; churches give adequate answers tomoral questions, problems of family life, spiritual needs and socialproblems of the country; belief in God, life after death, hell, heaven,sin and re-incarnation; personal God versus spirit or life force; ownway of connecting with the divine; interest in the sacred or thesupernatural; attitude towards the existence of one true religion;importance of God in one´s life (10-point-scale); experience of comfortand strength from religion and belief; moments of prayer andmeditation; frequency of prayers; belief in lucky charms or a talisman(10-point-scale); attitude towards the separation of church and state. 4. Family and marriage: most important criteria for a successfulmarriage (scale); attitude towards childcare (a child needs a home withfather and mother, a woman has to have children to be fulfilled,marriage is an out-dated institution, woman as a single-parent);attitude towards marriage, children, and traditional family structure(scale); attitude towards traditional understanding of one´s role ofman and woman in occupation and family (scale); attitude towards:respect and love for parents, parent´s responsibilities for theirchildren and the responsibility of adult children for their parentswhen they are in need of long-term care; importance of educationalgoals; attitude towards abortion.5. Politics and society: political interest; political participation;preference for individual freedom or social equality; self-assessmenton a left-right continuum (10-point-scale); self-responsibility orgovernmental provision; free decision of job-taking of the unemployedor no permission to refuse a job; advantage or harmfulness ofcompetition; liberty of firms or governmental control; equal incomes orincentives for individual efforts; attitude concerning capitalismversus government ownership; postmaterialism (scale); expectation offuture development (less emphasis on money and material possessions,greater respect for authority); trust in institutions; satisfactionwith democracy; assessment of the political system of the country asgood or bad (10-point-scale); preferred type of political system(strong leader, expert decisions, army should rule the country, ordemocracy); attitude towards democracy (scale).6. Moral attitudes (scale: claiming state benefits withoutentitlement, cheating on taxes, joyriding, taking soft drugs, lying,adultery, bribe money, homosexuality, abortion, divorce, euthanasia,suicide, corruption, paying cash, casual sex, avoiding fare on publictransport, prostitution, experiments with human embryos, geneticmanipulation of food, insemination or in-vitro fertilization and deathpenalty).7. National identity: geographical group the respondent feelsbelonging to (town, region

Zwei Online-Übersichten bieten umfassende Metadaten über die EVSDatensätze und Variablen. Die erweiterte Studienbeschreibung für die EVS 2008 bietet länderspezifische Informationen über das Design und die Ergebnisse der nationalen Erhebungen. Die Variablenübersicht über die vier Wellen EVS 1981, 1990, 1999/2000 und 2008 ermöglicht die Identifizierung der Trendvariablen in allen vier Wellen sowieländerspezifischer Abweichungen im Fragewortlaut innerhalb und zwischen den EVS Wellen. Diese Übersichten sind abrufbar unter:Extended Study Description EVS 2008.Online Variable Overview.Moralische, religiöse, gesellschaftliche, politische, ökonomische undsoziale Wertvorstellungen der Europäer. Themen: 1. Wahrnehmung des Lebens: Wichtigkeit der Lebensbereiche:Arbeit, Familie, Freunde und Bekannte, Freizeit, Politik und Religion;Häufigkeit von politischen Gesprächen mit Freunden; Glücksempfinden;Selbsteinschätzung der eigenen Gesundheit; Mitgliedschaften inVereinigungen und Ableisten unbezahlter Arbeit (ehrenamtlicheTätigkeit) in Sozialeinrichtungen, religiösen oder kirchlichenOrganisationen, Bildung oder kulturellen Aktivitäten, Gewerkschaften,politischen Parteien, lokalen politischen Maßnahmen, Menschenrechts-oder Umweltschutzgruppen, Berufsverbänden, Friedensbewegung,Jugendarbeit, Sportvereinen, Frauengruppen, freiwillige Verbände desGesundheitswesens; Toleranz (soziale Distanz) gegenüber Minderheiten(Personen mit Vorstrafen bzw. anderer Rasse, linke bzw. rechteExtremisten, Alkoholabhängige, kinderreiche Familien, emotionalinstabilen Menschen, Muslime, Einwanderer, Aidskranke, Drogensüchtige,Homosexuelle, Juden, Zigeuner und Christen); Personenvertrauen;Einschätzung des Verhaltens der meisten Menschen als fair undhilfsbereit; interne oder externe Kontrolle; Lebenszufriedenheit(Skalometer). 2. Arbeit: Wichtigste Ursache für die Bedürftigkeit von Menschen;Bedeutung ausgewählter Aspekte der betrieblichen Arbeit; Erwerbsstatus;allgemeine Arbeitszufriedenheit; selbstbestimmtes Arbeiten im Job;Arbeitsorientierung (Arbeits-Ethik-Skala); wichtige Aspekte vonFreizeit; Einstellung zur kritiklosen Befolgung von Arbeitsanweisungen;Arbeitsplätze vorrangig für Landsleute vor Ausländern sowie für Männervor Frauen. 3. Religion: Individuelle oder allgemeingültige klare Leitlinien fürGut und Böse; Konfession; aktuelle und ehemalige Konfession; derzeitigeKirchgangshäufigkeit sowie im Alter von 12 Jahren; Bedeutung vonreligiösen Feiern bei Geburt, Heirat und Begräbnis; Selbsteinschätzungder Religiosität; Kirchen geben adäquate Antworten auf moralischeFragen, bei Problemen des Familienlebens, auf spirituelle Bedürfnisseund soziale Probleme des Landes; Glaube an Gott, ein Leben nach demTod, Hölle, Himmel, Sünde und Wiedergeburt; persönlicher Gott versusGeist oder Lebenskraft; persönliche Verbindung mit dem Göttlichen ohneKirche; Interesse am Übernatürlichen; Einstellung zur Existenz einereinzigen wahren Religion; Bedeutung von Gott im eigenen Leben(10-Punkte-Skala); Erlebnis von Wohlbefinden und Kraft aus Religion undGlauben; Momente des Gebetes und der Meditation; Häufigkeit vonGebeten; Glaube an Glücksbringer oder Talisman (10-Punkte-Skala);Haltung gegenüber der Trennung von Kirche und Staat (ungläubigePolitiker gehören nicht in die Regierung, religiöse Führer solltenEntscheidungen der Regierung nicht beeinflussen).4. Familie und Ehe: Wichtigste Kriterien für eine erfolgreiche Ehe(Skala); Einstellung zur Kinderbetreuung (ein Kind braucht ein Zuhausemit Vater und Mutter, eine Frau braucht Kinder zur eigenen Erfüllung,Ehe ist eine veraltete Institution, Frau als Alleinerziehende);Einstellung zur Ehe, zu Kindern, zur traditionellen Familienstruktur,Kinder als gesellschaftlicher Auftrag, Elternpflege, Adoption fürhomosexuelle Paare (Skala); Haltung gegenüber dem traditionellenRollenverständnis von Mann und Frau in Beruf und Familie (Skala)Respekt und Liebe für die Eltern; Verantwortung der Eltern für ihreKinder und Verantwortung erwachsener Kinder für ihre Eltern, wenn dieseder Langzeitpflege bedürfen; Wichtigkeit von Erziehungszielen fürKinder in der Familie; Haltung gegenüber Abtreibung (außerehelich undin der Ehe). 5. Politik und Gesellschaft: politisches Interesse; politischePartizipation (Skala); Präferenz für individuelle Freiheit oder sozialeGleichheit; Selbsteinschätzung auf einem Links-Rechts-Kontinuum(10-Punkte-Skala); Präferenz für mehr Eigenverantwortung oderstaatliche Lenkung; freie Entscheidung eines Arbeitslosen für dieAkzeptanz eines angebotenen Arbeitsplatzes; Wettbewerb stimuliert denWillen zur Arbeit; Freiheit von Unternehmen oder staatliche Kontrolle(Neoliberalismus); Präferenz für Einkommensangleichung oder Anreize fürindividuelle Bemühungen; Präferenz für Marktwirtschaft oderStaatswirtschaft; Postmaterialismus; gewünschte gesellschaftlicheEntwicklung (Schwerpunkt auf materiellen Besitztümer, mehr Respekt vorAutorität); Institutionenvertrauen (Skala); Demokratiezufriedenheit;Bewertung des politischen Systems des Landes als gut oder schlecht(10-Punkte-Skala); bevorzugte Art des politischen Systems (starkeFührungspersönlichkeit, Expertenentscheidungen, Armee sollte das Landregieren oder Demokratie); Einstellung zur Demokratie (Skala). 6. Moralische Haltungen und Wertorientierungen (Skala: Einstellung zuunberechtigter Inanspruchnahme staatlicher Leistungen,Steuerhinterziehung, unbefugte Nutzung eines fremden Fahrzeugs, Konsumweicher Drogen, Lügen, Ehebruch, Bestechung, Homosexualität,Abtreibung, Scheidung, Euthanasie, Selbstmord, Schwarzarbeit,Gelegenheitssex, Schwarzfahren, Prostitution, Experimente mitmenschlichen Embryonen, genetische Veränderung von Lebensmitteln,Insemination oder In-vitro-Fertilisation und Todesstrafe). 7. Nationale Identität: geografische Gruppe, der der Befragten sichzugehörig fühlt (Stadt, Region, Land, Europa, Welt);Staatsangehörigkeit; Nationalstolz; mit der Europäischen Unionassoziierte Ängste (Verlust der sozialen Sicherheit und der nationalenIdentität, wachsende Ausgaben des eigenen Landes, Machtverlust deseigenen Landes in der Welt und den Verlust von Arbeitsplätzen);Einstellung zu einer Erweiterung der Europäischen Union (Skalometer);Wahlabsicht bei der nächsten Wahl und Parteipräferenz; Partei, die ammeisten zusagt; präferierte Einwanderungspolitik; Einstellung zuTerrorismus; Haltung gegenüber Einwanderern und ihren Bräuchen sowieTraditionen (nehmen Arbeitsplätze weg, untergraben das kulturelle Lebendes Landes, verschlimmern Kriminalitätsprobleme, belasten dasWohlfahrtssystem des Landes, Bedrohung für die Gesellschaft,unterschiedliche Bräuche und Traditionen aufrechterhalten);Fremdheitsgefühl im eigenen Land; zu viele Einwanderer; wichtigeAspekte der nationalen Identität (im Land geboren sein, Respektierender politischen Institutionen und Gesetze des Landes, Abstammung,Sprechen der Landessprache, lange Zeit im Land gelebt haben); Interessean Politik in den Medien; Informieren der Behörden um der Gerechtigkeitwillen; Kümmern um eigene Angelegenheiten; Nähe zu: Familie,Nachbarschaft, den Menschen in der Region, Landsleuten, Europäern undzur Menschheit; Besorgnis über die Lebensbedingungen von älterenMenschen, Arbeitslosen, Migranten und kranken oder behinderten Menschensowie Kindern in armen Familien. 8. Umwelt: Einstellung zum Umweltschutz (Skala: Bereitschaft zurAbgabe eines Teils des eigenen Einkommens für die Umwelt,Überbevölkerung, verheerende Konsequenzen menschlicher Eingriffe in dieNatur, menschlicher Scharfsinn erhält die Erde bewohnbar, dasGleichgewicht der Natur ist stark genug, um die Auswirkungen dermodernen Industrienationen zu bewältigen, Menschen sind dazu bestimmt,über den Rest der Natur zu herrschen, eine ökologische Katastrophe istunvermeidlich). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (Geburtsjahr); geboren im Land desInterviews; Geburtsland; Jahr der Einwanderung in das Land;Herkunftsland des Vaters und der Mutter; Familienstand; Zusammenlebenmit dem Partner vor der Ehe oder vor der Eintragung der Partnerschaft;Zusammenleben mit einem Partner derzeit bzw. in der Vergangenheit;fester Partner; verheiratet mit dem früheren Partner; Ende derBeziehung; Kinderzahl; Geburtsjahr des ersten Kindes; Haushaltsgrößeund Haushaltszusammensetzung; traumatische Ereignisse: der Tod einesKindes, von Vater oder Mutter, Scheidung eines eines Kindes, Scheidungder Eltern oder anderer Verwandter; Alter des Befragten zum Zeitpunkt dieser Ereignisse; Alter bei Schulabschluss; höchster erreichtesBildungsniveau; Beschäftigungsstatus; Arbeitnehmer oder Selbständige imletzten Job; Beruf (ISCO-88) und berufliche Stellung; Leitungsfunktionund Kontrollspanne. Soziale Herkunft und Charakteristik des Partners: Partner desBefragten oder Ehegatte: Partner ist im Land geboren bzw. Herkunftslanddes Partners; höchster Bildungsabschluss; Erwerbsstatus des Partners;Beschäftigung oder selbständige Erwerbstätigkeit der Partner in seinembzw. ihrem letzten Job; Beruf des Partners (ISCO-88) und beruflicheStellung; Leitungsfunktion des Partners und Kontrollspanne;Arbeitslosigkeit und Abhängigkeit von sozialer Sicherung des Befragtenund seines Partners länger als drei Monate in den letzten fünf Jahren;Höhe des Haushaltseinkommens; Zusammenleben mit den Eltern, als derBefragte 14 Jahre alt war; höchstes Bildungsniveau von Vater undMutter; Beschäftigungsstatus von Vater und Mutter, als der Befragte 14Jahre alt war; Beruf von Vater und Mutter (ISCO-88); Anzahl derBeschäftigten (Unternehmensgröße bei Selbständigen); Leitungsfunktionund Kontrollspanne von Vater und Mutter, Charakterisierung der Elternals der Befragte 14 Jahre alt war (Skala: gerne Bücher gelesen,politische Diskussionen zu Hause mit ihrem Kind, gerne die Nachrichtenverfolgt, Probleme über die Runden zu kommen, Probleme Unbrauchbares zuersetzen); Region, in der der Befragten im Alter von 14 Jahren lebte;derzeitiger