This analysis is no longer being updated. This is because the methodology and data for baseline measurements is no longer applicable.
From February 2024, excess mortality reporting is available at: Excess mortality in England.
Measuring excess mortality: a guide to the main reports details the different analysis available and how and when they should be used for the UK and England.
The data in these reports is from 20 March 2020 to 29 December 2023. The first 2 reports on this page provide an estimate of excess mortality during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in:
‘Excess mortality’ in these analyses is defined as the number of deaths that are above the estimated number expected. The expected number of deaths is modelled using 5 years of data from preceding years to estimate the number of death registrations expected in each week.
In both reports, excess deaths are broken down by age, sex, upper tier local authority, ethnic group, level of deprivation, cause of death and place of death. The England report also includes a breakdown by region.
For previous reports, see:
If you have any comments, questions or feedback, contact us at pha-ohid@dhsc.gov.uk.
We also publish a set of bespoke analyses using the same excess mortality methodology and data but cut in ways that are not included in the England and English regions reports on this page.
As of March 10, 2023, the death rate from COVID-19 in the state of New York was 397 per 100,000 people. New York is one of the states with the highest number of COVID-19 cases.
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United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: Avg No. of Deaths: Vermont data was reported at 110.000 Number in 16 Sep 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 109.000 Number for 09 Sep 2023. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: Avg No. of Deaths: Vermont data is updated weekly, averaging 111.000 Number from Jan 2017 (Median) to 16 Sep 2023, with 350 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 124.000 Number in 16 Feb 2019 and a record low of 101.000 Number in 07 Aug 2021. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: Avg No. of Deaths: Vermont data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G012: Number of Excess Deaths: by States: All Causes excluding COVID-19: Predicted (Discontinued).
For the week ending August 22, 2025, weekly deaths in England and Wales were 855 below the number expected, compared with 1,406 below what was expected in the previous week. In late 2022 and through early 2023, excess deaths were elevated for a number of weeks, with the excess deaths figure for the week ending January 13, 2023, the highest since February 2021. In the middle of April 2020, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were almost 12,000 excess deaths a week recorded in England and Wales. It was not until two months later, in the week ending June 19, 2020, that the number of deaths began to be lower than the five-year average for the corresponding week. Most deaths since 1918 in 2020 In 2020, there were 689,629 deaths in the United Kingdom, making that year the deadliest since 1918, at the height of the Spanish influenza pandemic. As seen in the excess death figures, April 2020 was by far the worst month in terms of deaths during the pandemic. The weekly number of deaths for weeks 16 and 17 of that year were 22,351, and 21,997 respectively. Although the number of deaths fell to more usual levels for the rest of that year, a winter wave of the disease led to a high number of deaths in January 2021, with 18,676 deaths recorded in the fourth week of that year. For the whole of 2021, there were 667,479 deaths in the UK, 22,150 fewer than in 2020. Life expectancy in the UK goes into reverse In 2022, life expectancy at birth for women in the UK was 82.6 years, while for men it was 78.6 years. This was the lowest life expectancy in the country for ten years, and came after life expectancy improvements stalled throughout the 2010s, and then declined from 2020 onwards. There is also quite a significant regional difference in life expectancy in the UK. In the London borough of Kensington and Chelsea, for example, the life expectancy for men was 81.5 years, and 86.5 years for women. By contrast, in Blackpool, in North West England, male life expectancy was just 73.1 years, while for women, life expectancy was lowest in Glasgow, at 78 years.
The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) weekly all-cause mortality surveillance helps to detect and report significant weekly excess mortality (deaths) above normal seasonal levels. This report does not assess general trends in death rates or link excess death figures to particular factors.
Excess mortality is defined as a significant number of deaths reported over that expected for a given week in the year, allowing for weekly variation in the number of deaths. UKHSA investigates any spikes seen which may inform public health actions.
Reports are currently published weekly. In previous years, reports ran from October to September. Since 2021, reports run from mid-July to mid-July each year. This change is to align with the reports for the national flu and COVID-19 weekly surveillance report.
This page includes reports published from 11 July 2024 to the present.
Reports are also available for:
Please direct any enquiries to enquiries@ukhsa.gov.uk
Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). The OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk" class="govuk-link">Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of Official Statistics should adhere to.
https://www.ontario.ca/page/open-government-licence-ontariohttps://www.ontario.ca/page/open-government-licence-ontario
This dataset reports the daily reported number of the 7-day moving average rates of Deaths involving COVID-19 by vaccination status and by age group.
Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool
Data includes:
As of June 16, all COVID-19 datasets will be updated weekly on Thursdays by 2pm.
As of January 12, 2024, data from the date of January 1, 2024 onwards reflect updated population estimates. This update specifically impacts data for the 'not fully vaccinated' category.
On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023.
CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags.
The data does not include vaccination data for people who did not provide consent for vaccination records to be entered into the provincial COVaxON system. This includes individual records as well as records from some Indigenous communities where those communities have not consented to including vaccination information in COVaxON.
“Not fully vaccinated” category includes people with no vaccine and one dose of double-dose vaccine. “People with one dose of double-dose vaccine” category has a small and constantly changing number. The combination will stabilize the results.
Spikes, negative numbers and other data anomalies: Due to ongoing data entry and data quality assurance activities in Case and Contact Management system (CCM) file, Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes, negative numbers and current totals being different from previously reported case and death counts.
Public Health Units report cause of death in the CCM based on information available to them at the time of reporting and in accordance with definitions provided by Public Health Ontario. The medical certificate of death is the official record and the cause of death could be different.
Deaths are defined per the outcome field in CCM marked as “Fatal”. Deaths in COVID-19 cases identified as unrelated to COVID-19 are not included in the Deaths involving COVID-19 reported.
Rates for the most recent days are subject to reporting lags
All data reflects totals from 8 p.m. the previous day.
This dataset is subject to change.
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COVID-19 mortality rates increase rapidly with age, are higher among men than women, and vary across racial/ethnic groups, but this is also true for other natural causes of death. Prior research on COVID-19 mortality rates and racial/ethnic disparities in those rates has not considered to what extent disparities reflect COVID-19-specific factors, versus preexisting health differences. This study examines both questions. We study the COVID-19-related increase in mortality risk and racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality, and how both vary with age, gender, and time period. We use a novel measure validated in prior work, the COVID Excess Mortality Percentage (CEMP), defined as the COVID-19 mortality rate (Covid-MR), divided by the non-COVID natural mortality rate during the same time period (non-Covid NMR), converted to a percentage. The CEMP denominator uses Non-COVID NMR to adjust COVID-19 mortality risk for underlying population health. The CEMP measure generates insights which differ from those using two common measures–the COVID-MR and the all-cause excess mortality rate. By studying both CEMP and COVID-MRMR, we can separate the effects of background health from Covid-specific factors affecting COVID-19 mortality. We study how CEMP and COVID-MR vary by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and time period, using data on all adult decedents from natural causes in Indiana and Wisconsin over April 2020-June 2022 and Illinois over April 2020-December 2021. CEMP levels for racial and ethnic minority groups can be very high relative to White levels, especially for Hispanics in 2020 and the first-half of 2021. For example, during 2020, CEMP for Hispanics aged 18–59 was 68.9% versus 7.2% for non-Hispanic Whites; a ratio of 9.57:1. CEMP disparities are substantial but less extreme for other demographic groups. Disparities were generally lower after age 60 and declined over our sample period. Differences in socio-economic status and education explain only a small part of these disparities.
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United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: Avg No. of Deaths: New Jersey data was reported at 1,421.000 Number in 16 Sep 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,418.000 Number for 09 Sep 2023. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: Avg No. of Deaths: New Jersey data is updated weekly, averaging 1,428.000 Number from Jan 2017 (Median) to 16 Sep 2023, with 350 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,586.000 Number in 06 Feb 2021 and a record low of 1,292.000 Number in 05 Aug 2017. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: Avg No. of Deaths: New Jersey data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G012: Number of Excess Deaths: by States: All Causes excluding COVID-19: Predicted (Discontinued).
Based on a comparison of coronavirus deaths in 210 countries relative to their population, Peru had the most losses to COVID-19 up until July 13, 2022. As of the same date, the virus had infected over 557.8 million people worldwide, and the number of deaths had totaled more than 6.3 million. Note, however, that COVID-19 test rates can vary per country. Additionally, big differences show up between countries when combining the number of deaths against confirmed COVID-19 cases. The source seemingly does not differentiate between "the Wuhan strain" (2019-nCOV) of COVID-19, "the Kent mutation" (B.1.1.7) that appeared in the UK in late 2020, the 2021 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from India or the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) from South Africa.
The difficulties of death figures
This table aims to provide a complete picture on the topic, but it very much relies on data that has become more difficult to compare. As the coronavirus pandemic developed across the world, countries already used different methods to count fatalities, and they sometimes changed them during the course of the pandemic. On April 16, for example, the Chinese city of Wuhan added a 50 percent increase in their death figures to account for community deaths. These deaths occurred outside of hospitals and went unaccounted for so far. The state of New York did something similar two days before, revising their figures with 3,700 new deaths as they started to include “assumed” coronavirus victims. The United Kingdom started counting deaths in care homes and private households on April 29, adjusting their number with about 5,000 new deaths (which were corrected lowered again by the same amount on August 18). This makes an already difficult comparison even more difficult. Belgium, for example, counts suspected coronavirus deaths in their figures, whereas other countries have not done that (yet). This means two things. First, it could have a big impact on both current as well as future figures. On April 16 already, UK health experts stated that if their numbers were corrected for community deaths like in Wuhan, the UK number would change from 205 to “above 300”. This is exactly what happened two weeks later. Second, it is difficult to pinpoint exactly which countries already have “revised” numbers (like Belgium, Wuhan or New York) and which ones do not. One work-around could be to look at (freely accessible) timelines that track the reported daily increase of deaths in certain countries. Several of these are available on our platform, such as for Belgium, Italy and Sweden. A sudden large increase might be an indicator that the domestic sources changed their methodology.
Where are these numbers coming from?
The numbers shown here were collected by Johns Hopkins University, a source that manually checks the data with domestic health authorities. For the majority of countries, this is from national authorities. In some cases, like China, the United States, Canada or Australia, city reports or other various state authorities were consulted. In this statistic, these separately reported numbers were put together. For more information or other freely accessible content, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.
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United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Vermont data was reported at 99.000 Number in 16 Sep 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 111.000 Number for 09 Sep 2023. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Vermont data is updated weekly, averaging 115.000 Number from Jan 2017 (Median) to 16 Sep 2023, with 350 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 163.000 Number in 23 Oct 2021 and a record low of 66.000 Number in 13 Jul 2019. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Vermont data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G012: Number of Excess Deaths: by States: All Causes excluding COVID-19: Predicted (Discontinued).
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Age-standardised mortality rates for deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19), non-COVID-19 deaths and all deaths by vaccination status, broken down by age group.
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United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Washington data was reported at 1,068.000 Number in 16 Sep 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,114.000 Number for 09 Sep 2023. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Washington data is updated weekly, averaging 1,153.000 Number from Jan 2017 (Median) to 16 Sep 2023, with 350 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,539.000 Number in 03 Jul 2021 and a record low of 924.000 Number in 17 Jun 2017. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Washington data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G012: Number of Excess Deaths: by States: All Causes excluding COVID-19: Predicted (Discontinued).
Between the beginning of January 2020 and June 14, 2023, of the 1,134,641 deaths caused by COVID-19 in the United States, around 307,169 had occurred among those aged 85 years and older. This statistic shows the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths in the U.S. from January 2020 to June 2023, by age.
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Excess mortality in Sierra Leone at ages ≥30 years comparing weekly average death rates (per 100,000 population) and number of deaths during COVID peak and non-peak periods by age group and cause of death.
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The winter mortality index (WMI) is a measure expressed as a ratio of the difference in all cause mortality during winter months (December to March) compared to the average in the non winter months (the preceding August to November and following April to July).The terminology used to describe this indicator has changed to provide clearer explanation of what the analysis represents. The measures have been renamed to winter deaths compared to non winter deaths (previously excess winter deaths) and winter mortality index (WMI) (previously excess winter mortality index). There have been no methodology changes.
RationaleThe purpose of the winter mortality measure is to compare the number of deaths that occurred in the winter period (December to March) with the average of the non winter periods (August to November and April to July). Winter mortality is not solely a reflection of temperature, but of other factors as well. These include respiratory diseases and pressure on services, which have been more intense than usual during and following the height of the pandemic (1).It is an important measure as it allows users to assess whether policies are having an impact on mortality risks during the winter period (2). (1) Office for National Statistics (ONS), released 19 January 2023, ONS website, statistical bulletin, Winter mortality in England and Wales: 2021 to 2022 (provisional) and 2020 to 2021 (final). (2) Office for National Statistics (ONS), released 19 January 2023, ONS website, QMI, Winter mortality in England and Wales QMI: 19 January 2023Definition of numeratorTotal number of winter deaths for all ages in defined year 20xx/20xx+1 (number of deaths occurring in December in year 20xx and January to March in 20xx plus 1) minus half the number of deaths in the non winter months (preceding August to November in year 20xx and following April to July in year 20xx plus 1) and registered by 31 December 20xx plus 1.Definition of denominatorThe average number of deaths for all ages ( in defined year 20xx/20xx plus 1) occurring in the non winter months, i.e. the total number of deaths occurring in the preceding August to November in year 20xx and the following April to July in year 20xx plus 1 divided by two and registered by 31 December 20xx plus 1.CaveatsIn 2020, the coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic led to a large increase of deaths mostly in the non-winter months of April to July 2020. This has impacted the WMI for 2019 to 2020. Because we rely on using the difference between deaths occurring in the winter and the average of non winter months; specifically, the scale of COVID 19 deaths during non winter months has fundamentally disturbed the data time series and so data for 2019 to 2020 should be interpreted with caution.The Office for National Statistics (ONS) Annual Births and Mortality Extract is based on registered deaths (Date of registration) and the Winter deaths compared to non winter deaths and WMI calculations are based on the date of death occurrences (Date of death). It is possible that a number of deaths might not have been registered when the data were released and this could vary between areas. This indicator only includes deaths which are registered by the end of the calendar year 20xx plus 1.Data published in the PHOF will differ from published ONS results which uses an extract of mortality data taken approximately five months after the annual ONS mortality extract is taken, in order to give more time for late registrations (for example, deaths that were referred to a coroner) to appear in the data.The WMI will be partly dependent on the proportion of older people in the population as most winter deaths effect older people (there is no standardisation in this calculation by age or any other factor).This winter period was selected as they are the months which over the last 50 years have displayed above average monthly mortality. However, if mortality starts to increase prior to this, for example in November, the number of deaths in the non winter period will increase, which in turn will decrease the estimate of winter deaths compared to non winter deaths.The counts are presented rounded to the nearest 10, in line with how data is presented by the ONS.
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United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Nevada data was reported at 294.000 Number in 16 Sep 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 417.000 Number for 09 Sep 2023. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Nevada data is updated weekly, averaging 524.000 Number from Jan 2017 (Median) to 16 Sep 2023, with 350 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 643.000 Number in 17 Jul 2021 and a record low of 294.000 Number in 16 Sep 2023. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Nevada data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G012: Number of Excess Deaths: by States: All Causes excluding COVID-19: Predicted (Discontinued).
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The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed substantial coverage and quality gaps in existing international and national statistical monitoring systems. It is striking that obtaining timely, accurate, and comparable across countries data in order to adequately respond to unexpected epidemiological threats is very challenging. The most robust and reliable approach to quantify the mortality burden due to short-term risk factors is based on estimating weekly excess deaths. This approach is more reliable than monitoring deaths with COVID-19 diagnosis or calculating incidence or fatality rates affected by numerous problems such as testing coverage and comparability of diagnostic approaches. In response to the newly emerging data challenges, a new data resource on weekly mortality has been established. The Short-term Mortality Fluctuations (STMF, available at www.mortality.org) data series is the first international database providing open-access harmonized, uniform, and fully documented data on weekly all-cause mortality. The STMF online vizualisation tool provides an opportunity to perform a quick assessment of the excess weekly mortality in one or several countries by means of an interactive graphical interface.Version date: 01.05.2021
Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.
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United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Iowa data was reported at 520.000 Number in 16 Sep 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 494.000 Number for 09 Sep 2023. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Iowa data is updated weekly, averaging 589.000 Number from Jan 2017 (Median) to 16 Sep 2023, with 350 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 728.000 Number in 31 Dec 2022 and a record low of 468.000 Number in 20 Mar 2021. United States Excess Deaths excl COVID: Predicted: No. of Deaths: Iowa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G012: Number of Excess Deaths: by States: All Causes excluding COVID-19: Predicted (Discontinued).
In 2021, COVID-19 caused about *** deaths per 100,000 population in high-income countries. This statistic displays the leading causes of death in high-income countries in 2021 by deaths per 100,000 population. Mortality from chronic diseases such as cancer and heart diseases are increasing around the world. Chronic deaths are especially prominent in Western countries, but have also recently began to increase in the developing world. Non-communicable disease burden This increase in chronic and degenerative non-communicable diseases globally stems from aging populations, modernization, and rapid urbanization. Though these are all signs of socioeconomic progress, the resulting shift in disease carries a heavy burden for societies. Health expenditure makes up around ** percent or more of the GDP in most high-income countries, and the global spending on medicines is expected to more than double from 2010 to 2027. Non-communicable disease risk factors and prevention In most OECD countries, over 30 percent of adults are overweight. Lack of exercise, poor nutrition, and generally unhealthy lifestyles can often lead to a cluster of symptoms including abnormal blood levels, high blood pressure, and excess body fat, which in turn pose an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. However, most non-communicable diseases are preventable, and their modifiable risk factors can be lowered through lifestyle and behavioral changes.
This analysis is no longer being updated. This is because the methodology and data for baseline measurements is no longer applicable.
From February 2024, excess mortality reporting is available at: Excess mortality in England.
Measuring excess mortality: a guide to the main reports details the different analysis available and how and when they should be used for the UK and England.
The data in these reports is from 20 March 2020 to 29 December 2023. The first 2 reports on this page provide an estimate of excess mortality during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in:
‘Excess mortality’ in these analyses is defined as the number of deaths that are above the estimated number expected. The expected number of deaths is modelled using 5 years of data from preceding years to estimate the number of death registrations expected in each week.
In both reports, excess deaths are broken down by age, sex, upper tier local authority, ethnic group, level of deprivation, cause of death and place of death. The England report also includes a breakdown by region.
For previous reports, see:
If you have any comments, questions or feedback, contact us at pha-ohid@dhsc.gov.uk.
We also publish a set of bespoke analyses using the same excess mortality methodology and data but cut in ways that are not included in the England and English regions reports on this page.