This dataset was generated by parsing PDFs released by the US Treasury for foreign exchange. An edited version (quarterly-edited.csv) includes fixes for typos in the Treasury data.

Usage caveats from the documentation:

"Exceptions to using the reporting rates as shown in the report are: * collections and refunds to be valued at specified rates set by international agreements, * conversions of one foreign currency into another, * foreign currencies sold for dollars, and * other types of transactions affecting dollar appropriations. (See Volume I Treasury Financial Manual 2-3200 for further details.)

Since the exchange rates in this report are not current rates of exchange, they should not be used to value transactions affecting dollar appropriations."

Additional caveats:

This unified dataset should be used only for reference or ballpark estimation, and not for anything like automated valuation. The reason is because there's still a lot of messiness involving countries and changing units- when in doubt or if required, please do additional research to confirm the historical rates are indeed as stated.

Future plans:

• Clean this up so that it can indeed be used in an automated system for converting currencies
• Fill in the missing entries
• Standardize country names and currency names

Documentation

Source

Daily bulletin time series available since 2/1/2002, for the Euro, and since 28/11/1984, for the other currencies. For the American Dollar, this data set shows administered rates until March, 1990 and free rates from then on (Resolution 1690/1990). Administered rates are those set by the Central Bank of Brazil; from March, 1992, this rate started being called Ptax rate (close). Until 30/6/2011, this rate was calculated as the average rate, weighed by volume, of all interbank operations traded on that day. Starting on 1/7/2011 (Circular 3506/2010), the Ptax rate calculation corresponds to the arithmetic average of four daily quotes provided by Central Bank of Brazil’s foreign exchange dealers; the quotes must reflect market conditions at that time. Parities of the other currencies against the American Dollar (USD) are obtained from information agencies. Currencies rates against the Brazilian currency are calculated dividing the Brazilian currency rate against the American Dollar by the parities against the American Dollar for type A currencies, and multiplying the Brazilian currency rate against the American Dollar by the parities against the American Dollar for type B currencies. Available currencies: Danish Krone (DKK) Type A Norwegian Krone (NOK) Type A Swedish Krona (SEK) Type A American Dollar (USD) Type A Australian Dollar (AUD) Type B Canadian Dollar (CAD) Type A Euro (EUR) Type B Swiss Franc (CHF) Type A Japanese Yen (JPY) Type A British Pound (GBP) Type B Unit of measure: Type A currencies: Parity (American Dollar): quantity in the currency per one unit of American Dollar (USD); Rates (Brazilian currency): quantity in the Brazilian currency per one unit of the currency Type B currencies: Parity (American Dollar): quantity in American Dollars (USD) per one unit of the currency; Rates (Brazilian currency): quantity in the Brazilian currency per one unit of the currency Example of how to calculate type A currencies rates in the Brazilian currency, considering the Real (BRL) as the domestic currency and the Canadian Dollar (CAD) as the foreign currency: CADBRL bid rate = USDBRL bid rate ÷ USDCAD offer parity CADBRL offer rate = USDBRL offer rate ÷ USDCAD bid parity Example of how to calculate type B currencies rates in the Brazilian currency, considering the Real (BRL) as the domestic currency and the Euro (EUR) as the foreign currency: EURBRL bid rate = EURUSD bid parity × USDBRL bid rate EURBRL offer rate = EURUSD offer parity × USDBRL offer rate Source: Refinitiv, except for USDBRL The Central Bank assumes no responsibility whatsoever for non-simultaneity or any lack of information, as well as for possible errors in currency parities or any other errors, except the parity of the United States dollar in relation to the Real. The institution also assumes no responsibilty for delays or the unavailability of telecommunications services, interruptions, failures or imprecisions in the providing of the services or information. The Central Bank likewise assumes no responsibility for any losses or damages consequent upon such interruptions, delays, failings or imperfections, as well as for the inadequate use of the information contained in the transaction. af829095-9d8c-4c1d-a77f-48e4d51f7a71 exchange-rates-daily-bulletins

Concept: For the sake of time series organization, exchange rates have been grouped in two segments: I – Administered or free rates, covering the whole period since 1899, and II – Floating rates, which have been in place in the period of January 1989 to January 1999 and coexisted with the first segment. I – Administered or free exchange rates Available since 1899. In this period covered by the time series a great diversity of foreign exchange policies have been adopted. During some times, exchange rates were fixed (i.e. administered) by the monetary authorities, whereas in other times rates were freely agreed by market participants (i.e. they were free) and there were even times when both administered and free rates have existed at the same time. It should also be emphasized that between 1953 and 1961 a system of multiple exchange rates have been in place. For these time series the following kinds of exchange rates have been considered: - From January 1899 to January 1953 – administered rates; - From February 1953 to October 1961 – free rates, coming from the Exchange Portfolio of the Banco do Brasil. In this period administered rates have also been in place, with sell rates fixed on: CR$ 18,72, from Feb/1953 to Jul/1953; CR$ 18,82, from Aug/1953 to Dec/1958; and CR$ 18,92, from Jan/1959 to Feb/1961. In the beginning of the period most transactions were channeled through the administered rates system. As time went by, the number of transactions going through the free rates system grew. - From November 1961 to February 1990 – administered rates; and - From March 1990 onwards, free rates (Resolution 1.690 from 18.3.1990). The corresponding time series are the following ones: - Commercial dollar (sell and buy) – daily rates Available from 28.11.1984 onwards, refers to administered rates up to March 13th 1990 and to free rates from this date on (Resolution 1.690 from 18.3.1990). Administered rates are the ones fixed by the Central Bank. Free rates are the average of the rates of transactions effectively closed in the interbank market, weighted by the volume of sell transactions in the day. Outliers and rates presenting evidence of manipulation or other violations of the generally accepted market practices are excluded from the calculation. From March 1992 on, this rate was named PTAX. The series “American dollar – buy and sell – end of period” and “American dollar – buy and sell – period average” are derived respectively from these buy and sell daily rates. - American dollar – end of period Refers to the dollar administered rates expressed in Mil-réis for the period 1899-1941. The Mil-réis/dollar rates for the period 1899-1921 were computed from the pound/dollar parity. Discontinued in 1941. - American dollar (buy and sell) – end of period Annual rates are available from 1942 on and monthly rates from January 1953 on. End of period values correspond to the daily rate of the reference period´s last day. - American dollar (buy and sell) – period average Annual rates are available from 1942 on and monthly rates from January 1953 on. Buy and sell average rates are computed from the reference period daily rates. Monthly and annual rates were computed based on the running days of the reference up until December 1973. From January 1974 on, rates were weighted by the working days. II – Floating exchange rates Created by the Resolution 1.552 from 22.12.1988, this segment of the exchange market allowed markets participants to freely agree on the price of the foreign currency being negotiated. It initially covered only transactions related to international travel motivated by tourism, business, education and health. Later, other kinds of transactions were incorporated in the segment, such as gold, Brazilian investments abroad, unilateral transfers and some services. On 31.1.1999 this segment was terminated and the free and floating rates were merged. Series related to this segment are the following: - Tourism dollar (sell) Daily rates in the floating rate segment, available for the period between 27.5.1993 to 29.1.1999. The computation of this rate takes into account transactions in the interbank market weighted by the volume of sell transactions. Outliers and rates presenting evidence of manipulation or other violations of the generally accepted market practices are excluded from the computation. The series “American dollar – buy and sell – end of period” and “American dollar – buy and sell – period average” are derived respectively from these buy and sell daily rates. - American dollar (buy and sell) – end of period Rates for the last day of the reference period, computed for both buy and sell transactions. - American dollar (buy and sell) – period average Average of the daily rates of the reference period (month or year), computed for buy and sell transactions, weighted by the number of working days. Source: Central Bank Information System – PTAX800 transaction 10813-exchange-rate---free---united-states-dollar-buy 10813-exchange-rate---free---united-states-dollar-buy

Key information about Panama Exchange Rate against USD

• Panama Exchange Rate against USD averaged 1.000 (USD/PAB) in May 2023, compared with 1.000 USD/PAB in the previous month.
• Panama Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1940 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.000 in May 2023 and a record low of 1.000 in May 2023.

International Monetary Fund provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Panama local currency (Balboa) is pegged to the dollar on a one-to-one basis.


Key information about Panama Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Panama Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: Interbank Reference Rate: 3 Months was reported at 5.350 % pa in May 2023.

Key information about Finland Exchange Rate against USD

• Finland Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.920 (USD/EUR) in May 2023, compared with 0.912 USD/EUR in the previous month.
• Finland Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.173 in Oct 2000 and a record low of 0.387 in Sep 1957.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Finland joined the Euro zone on January 1st, 1999 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 5.94573 FIM. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1999 is re-calculated using the fixed conversion rate. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1971 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Finland Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Finland Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.573 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Finland: ECB Harmonised) was reported at 2.980 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 3.750 % pa in May 2023.

The dataset of INR to Dollar exchange rates from 2003 to 2024 downloaded from Yahoo Finance likely contains historical exchange rate data for the Indian Rupee (INR) against the US Dollar (USD) over the specified time period. Here's a general description of what you might find in such a dataset:

1. Date: Each entry in the dataset likely includes a date or timestamp indicating when the exchange rate was recorded.

2. Exchange Rate: The dataset should include the exchange rate value, representing the number of Indian Rupees equivalent to one US Dollar on the corresponding date.

3. Time Period: The dataset should cover exchange rate data for each trading day or a specified frequency (e.g., weekly, monthly) from 2003 to 2024.

4. Additional Information: Depending on the source and format of the dataset, it may include additional information such as opening, high, low, and closing exchange rates for each day, as well as volume and adjusted closing prices.

5. Currency Pair: The dataset focuses specifically on the exchange rate between the Indian Rupee (INR) and the US Dollar (USD), allowing users to analyze trends and fluctuations in the value of the Indian Rupee relative to the US Dollar over time.

6. The dataset of INR to Dollar exchange rates from 2003 to 2024 downloaded from Yahoo Finance likely contains historical exchange rate data for the Indian Rupee (INR) against the US Dollar (USD) over the specified time period. Here's a general description of what you might find in such a dataset:

7. Date: Each entry in the dataset likely includes a date or timestamp indicating when the exchange rate was recorded.

8. Exchange Rate: The dataset should include the exchange rate value, representing the number of Indian Rupees equivalent to one US Dollar on the corresponding date.

9. Time Period: The dataset should cover exchange rate data for each trading day or a specified frequency (e.g., weekly, monthly) from 2003 to 2024.

10. Additional Information: Depending on the source and format of the dataset, it may include additional information such as opening, high, low, and closing exchange rates for each day, as well as volume and adjusted closing prices.

11. Currency Pair: The dataset focuses specifically on the exchange rate between the Indian Rupee (INR) and the US Dollar (USD), allowing users to analyze trends and fluctuations in the value of the Indian Rupee relative to the US Dollar over time.

12. Data Quality: It's important to consider the reliability and accuracy of the data. Ensure that the dataset is sourced from a reputable financial data provider like Yahoo Finance and that any missing or erroneous data points are appropriately handled.

Overall, this dataset can be used for various analytical purposes, including trend analysis, forecasting, and risk management in the context of currency exchange markets and international finance.: It's important to consider the reliability and accuracy of the data. Ensure that the dataset is sourced from a reputable financial data provider like Yahoo Finance and that any missing or erroneous data points are appropriately handled.

Overall, this dataset can be used for various analytical purposes, including trend analysis, forecasting, and risk management in the context of currency exchange markets and international finance.

Key information about Netherlands Exchange Rate against USD

• Netherlands Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.920 (USD/EUR) in May 2023, compared with 0.912 USD/EUR in the previous month.
• Netherlands Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.724 in Feb 1961 and a record low of 0.635 in Jul 2008.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Netherlands joined the Euro zone on January 1st, 1999 with fixed conversion rate of 1 EUR = 2.20371 NLG. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1999 is re-calculated using the fixed conversion rate. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1971 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Netherlands Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Netherlands Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.573 % pa in Nov 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: Netherlands: ECB Harmonised) was reported at 2.730 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 3.750 % pa in May 2023.

This dataset contains the daily average foreign exchange rates in Canadian dollars, as reported by the Bank of Canada. It covers the period from 1981-05-04 to 2024-01-17, and includes 27 types of currencies, as well as the Canadian-Dollar Effective Exchange Rate Index (CERI). The CERI is a weighted average of bilateral exchange rates for the Canadian dollar against the currencies of Canada’s major trading partners12. The dataset also provides information on the geography, unit of measure, scalar factor, vector, coordinate, value, status, symbol, termination, and decimals of each observation. The dataset has two dimensions: geography and type of currency. The symbol legend explains the meaning of different symbols used in the dataset, such as “…” for not available, “

Abstract

Currency exchange rate is an important metric to inform economic policy but traditional sources are often produced with delay during crises and only at an aggregate level. This may poorly reflect the actual rate trends in rural or poverty-stricken areas, where large populations reside in fragile situations. This data set includes currency exchange rate estimates and is intended to help gain insight in price developments beyond what can be formally measured by traditional methods. The estimates are generated using a machine-learning approach that imputes ongoing subnational price surveys, often with accuracy similar to direct measurement of prices. The data set provides new opportunities to investigate local price dynamics in areas where populations are sensitive to localized price shocks and where traditional data are not available.

Geographic coverage notes

The data cover the following sub-national areas: Abia, Borno, Yobe, Katsina, Kano, Kaduna, Gombe, Jigawa, Kebbi, Oyo, Sokoto, Zamfara, Lagos, Adamawa, Market Average

The dataset is made up of a collection of the most recent information on the euro foreign exchange reference rates of 81 currencies published on the website https://datosmacro.expansion.com/divisas at the time of sampling (April 14, 2020).

There is a list of 30 reference rates for each currency.

The information on the time span of the exchange rates depends on each currency and covers the period from 2018 to 2020 (the most recent published information is collected).

Below you can find a description of the attributes that make up the data set:

• "Tipo de cambio": description of the Euro / foreign exchange reference rate.
• "Fecha": date on which the exchange rate was recorded.
• "Cambio": value of the Euro / foreign exchange reference rate.
• "Var.%": percentage change from the previous recorded foreign exchange reference rate.

File format is ISO 8859-15 (Latin-9).

File content: 2431 lines (the first one is the header).

File delimiter: ";"

End-of-line character: line feed

The Ministry of Finance (MoF) has published helpful Exchange Rates information from the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago (CBTT) for Selected Currencies that can be accessed via the shared link. The Exchange Rate dataset link is based on the following: Exchange Rate for Selected Currencies for 2010 to 2022.

As the exchange rate DB operates a strengthened security policy as of June 13, 2024, problems may occur when calling the server. If a problem occurs, please forward the IP address to the email address below.

Graph and download economic data for Mexican Pesos to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (DEXMXUS) from 1993-11-08 to 2025-06-13 about Mexico, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Currency Exchange Bureau Software Market Outlook

The global currency exchange bureau software market size is poised to witness significant growth, forecasted to expand from USD 1.2 billion in 2023 to approximately USD 2.5 billion by 2032, reflecting a robust CAGR of 8.5%. This growth is primarily driven by the increasing demand for efficient, secure, and user-friendly platforms in financial transactions, coupled with the rise in international trade and tourism. The technology underpinning these software solutions enables currency exchange bureaus to streamline their operations, reduce processing time, and enhance the customer experience, further fueling market expansion.

One of the key growth drivers of the currency exchange bureau software market is the rapid globalization and the subsequent increase in cross-border transactions. As businesses and individuals engage more in international trade and travel, the demand for secure and efficient currency exchange solutions surges. Modern software provides real-time exchange rates, ensuring that customers receive the most accurate information for their transactions. Additionally, advancements in fintech are enabling these platforms to integrate with other financial services, offering a comprehensive financial solution that attracts both small and large enterprises. The integration of advanced technologies like AI and machine learning into these systems further enhances their capabilities, helping organizations analyze market trends and optimize their service offerings.

Another significant factor contributing to the market's growth is the rising adoption of mobile banking and digital payment systems. With the proliferation of smartphones and increased internet penetration, consumers are more inclined towards digital transactions, including currency exchange. Mobile applications offering currency conversion, rate alerts, and transaction history are becoming increasingly popular, compelling software providers to innovate and enhance their mobile platforms. Moreover, the emphasis on cybersecurity and data protection is prompting currency exchange bureaus to adopt sophisticated software solutions that safeguard customer information and prevent fraud, thereby boosting market growth.

The market is also benefitting from regulatory advancements and supportive government policies aimed at enhancing financial inclusivity and transparency. Many governments are encouraging the modernization of financial services, providing a favorable environment for the adoption of currency exchange software solutions. These policies not only enhance operational transparency but also build consumer trust, which is crucial for market growth. Additionally, the increasing demand for compliance with international financial regulations is driving the implementation of advanced software solutions that ensure adherence to these standards, thereby mitigating risks associated with non-compliance.

Currency Converter Apps have emerged as a pivotal tool for both consumers and businesses involved in international transactions. These apps offer real-time exchange rates, allowing users to make informed decisions when converting currencies. By providing a convenient platform for currency conversion, these apps enhance the user experience, making it easier for travelers and businesses to handle foreign currency exchanges efficiently. The integration of advanced features such as rate alerts and historical data analysis further empowers users to optimize their currency transactions. As the demand for seamless and accurate currency conversion continues to grow, the role of currency converter apps in the financial ecosystem becomes increasingly significant, complementing the broader currency exchange bureau software market.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific market is expected to witness the highest growth rate due to the rapid economic development and increasing number of international travelers in the region. Countries like China, India, and Japan are major contributors to this growth, supported by their large population and high rates of foreign exchange transactions. North America continues to hold a significant share of the market, driven by technological advancements and a well-established financial services sector. Meanwhile, Europe is not far behind, with a growing number of financial institutions adopting these technologies to improve operational efficiency. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, while currently smaller markets, are anticipated to grow steadily due to increasing investments in digital infrastructur

The dataset captures the dynamic fluctuations in the exchange rate between the United States Dollar (USD) and the Pakistani Rupee (PKR) over an extensive period, spanning from February 1992 to November 2023. This dataset is a valuable resource for analysts, economists, and researchers seeking to understand the historical trends, patterns, and factors influencing the USD to PKR exchange rate.

Dataset Overview:

Temporal Range: Start Date: February 1992 End Date: November 2023

Frequency: Daily exchange rates

Data Fields: Date: The date for each recorded exchange rate. USD to PKR Exchange Rate: The exchange rate indicating how much one USD is equivalent to in PKR on a given day. Change: Change between last price and today Price

Key Insights and Potential Analysis Areas:

Trend Analysis: Identify long-term trends in the exchange rate over the entire duration. Highlight periods of stability, volatility, or significant fluctuations.

Seasonal Patterns: Explore if there are any recurring seasonal patterns influencing the exchange rate.

Economic Events: Correlate major economic events, both global and domestic, with corresponding shifts in the exchange rate.

Impact of Policies: Assess the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on the USD to PKR exchange rate.

Currency Market Dynamics: Analyze how market dynamics, including demand and supply forces, influence the exchange rate.

Inflation and Interest Rates: Examine the relationship between inflation rates, interest rates, and the exchange rate.

Potential Applications:

Investment Planning: Assist investors in making informed decisions based on historical exchange rate trends.

Risk Management: Aid businesses in assessing and managing currency risk exposure.

Economic Research: Facilitate research on the impact of economic indicators on exchange rates.

Government Policy Evaluation: Provide insights for policymakers in evaluating the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies.

Conclusion:

This comprehensive USD to PKR exchange rate dataset offers a wealth of information for various stakeholders. Whether analyzing market trends, conducting economic research, or making strategic financial decisions, this dataset serves as a valuable tool for understanding the historical dynamics of the USD to PKR exchange rate over more than three decades.

The EUR/USD exchange rate fell to 1.1753 on July 3, 2025, down 0.38% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has strengthened 2.95%, and is up by 8.72% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

ECB reference exchange rate, Canadian dollar, US dollar, Mexican peso, UK pound sterling / Euro

description: This report promulgates exchange rate information pursuant to Section 613 of Public Law 87-195 dated September 4, 1961 (22 USC 2363 (b)) which grants the Secretary of the Treasury sole authority to establish for all foreign currencies or credits the exchange rates at which such currencies are to be reported by all agencies of the government. The primary purpose is to ensure that foreign currency reports prepared by agencies shall be consistent with regularly published Treasury foreign currency reports as to amounts stated in foreign currency units and U.S. dollar equivalents. This covers all foreign currencies in which the U.S. government has an interest, including receipts and disbursements, accrued revenues and expenditures, authorizations, obligations, receivables and payables, refunds, and similar reverse transaction items.; abstract: This report promulgates exchange rate information pursuant to Section 613 of Public Law 87-195 dated September 4, 1961 (22 USC 2363 (b)) which grants the Secretary of the Treasury sole authority to establish for all foreign currencies or credits the exchange rates at which such currencies are to be reported by all agencies of the government. The primary purpose is to ensure that foreign currency reports prepared by agencies shall be consistent with regularly published Treasury foreign currency reports as to amounts stated in foreign currency units and U.S. dollar equivalents. This covers all foreign currencies in which the U.S. government has an interest, including receipts and disbursements, accrued revenues and expenditures, authorizations, obligations, receivables and payables, refunds, and similar reverse transaction items.

This table contains 45 series, with data for years 1950 - 2015 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2016-01-05. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...), Type of currency (45 items: United States dollar; noon spot rate; average; Danish krone; noon spot rate; average; French franc; noon spot rate; average; Belgian franc; noon spot rate; average ...).

Key information about Ivory Coast Exchange Rate against USD

• Ivory Coast Exchange Rate against USD averaged 603.595 (USD/XOF) in May 2023, compared with 598.080 USD/XOF in the previous month.
• Ivory Coast Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 768.850 in Jun 2001 and a record low of 174.991 in Sep 1957.

The International Monetary Fund provides monthly average Exchange Rate against USD.