A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

The DXY exchange rate fell to 98.8010 on July 30, 2025, down 0.13% from the previous session. Over the past month, the United States Dollar has strengthened 2.05%, but it's down by 5.05% over the last 12 months. United States Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The EUR/USD exchange rate rose to 1.1564 on July 30, 2025, up 0.12% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has weakened 2.04%, but it's up by 6.84% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The pound to euro history reveals that exchange rates in 2022 were not as low as they were during 2008 or since the Brexit referendum. Since the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound (GBP) weakened against the euro. From a high of 1.43 at the end of November 2015, the GBP to EUR exchange rate has remained below 1.2 since July 2016, sitting at 1.11 as of October 2020. By July 29, 2025, values had reached 1.15 euros per pound. The euro to pound exchange rate can be found on a different page.Hitting UK citizens' pocketsIt is not just European holidaymakers that are hit when the British pound to Euro exchange rate falls. The average UK consumer also feels the pinch as inflation rates often rise to cover the shortfall of the pound. When the inflation rate rises, the price of imported goods goes up and the consumer ends up paying more. GBP to U.S. dollarSince 2016's referendum, the British pound (GBP) fell across the exchange. The GBP's fall against the Euro was also reflected against the U.S. dollar where the exchange rate in May 2016 (pre-referendum) of 1.46 dollars to the pound has fallen significantly.

Exchange rate of Canada increased by 1.44% from 1.3 LCU per US dollars in 2023 to 1.4 LCU per US dollars in 2024. Since the 6.51% drop in 2021, exchange rate surged by 9.21% in 2024. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

The euro-to-dollar exchange rate fluctuated significantly in 2022, reaching its lowest recorded value since 2008 during that time. Figures were different later in the year, however, with a rate of 1.16 USD recorded at the end of July 29, 2025. The average (standardized) measure is based on the calculation of many observations throughout the period in question. It is therefore different from an annual measure at a point, which reflects concrete values as of end of the year.EstablishmentThe euro, which was established in 1992, introduced in non-physical form in 1999 and finally rolled out in 2002, is used by 19 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of countries is otherwise known as the eurozone or euro area. By 2018, the total value of euro currency in circulation was almost 1.2 trillion euros, or over 3.4 thousand euros per capita.Euro to USDBetween 2001 and 2008, the average annual exchange rate of the euro to the U.S. dollar noted a steep increase. In 2008, the euro to U.S. dollar annual average exchange rate was equal to 1.47, which meant that one euro could buy 1.47 U.S. dollars. By 2019, this value had decreased overall, to a value of 1.12 which meant that one euro could buy 1.12 U.S. dollars. Similar dynamics in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate were also reflected in the monthly exchange rate recently.

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is forecast to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The Foreign Exchange Market is segmented by type (reporting dealers, financial institutions, non-financial customers), trade finance instruments (currency swaps, outright forward and FX swaps, FX options), trading platforms (electronic trading, over-the-counter (OTC), mobile trading), and geography (North America: US, Canada; Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK; Middle East and Africa: UAE; APAC: China, India, Japan; South America: Brazil; Rest of World). This segmentation reflects the market's global dynamics, driven by institutional trading, increasing digital adoption through electronic trading and mobile trading, and regional economic activities, with APAC markets like India and China showing significant growth alongside traditional hubs like the US and UK.
The market is experiencing significant shifts driven by the escalating trends of urbanization and digitalization. These forces are creating 24x7 trading opportunities, enabling greater accessibility and convenience for market participants. However, the market's dynamics are not without challenges. The uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a formidable obstacle for businesses and investors alike, necessitating robust risk management strategies. As urbanization continues to expand and digital technologies reshape the trading landscape, market players must adapt to remain competitive. One significant trend is the increasing use of money transfer agencies, venture capital investments, and mutual funds in foreign exchange transactions. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must navigate the challenges effectively, ensuring they stay abreast of exchange rate fluctuations and implement agile strategies to mitigate risk.
The ability to adapt and respond to these market shifts will be crucial for success in the evolving market.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic and intricate realm of the market, entities such as algorithmic trading, order book, order management systems, and liquidity risk intertwine, shaping the ever-evolving market landscape. The market's continuous unfolding is characterized by the integration of various components, including sentiment analysis, Fibonacci retracement, mobile trading, and good-for-the-day orders. Market activities are influenced by factors like political stability, monetary policy, and market liquidity, which in turn impact economic growth and trade settlement. Technical analysis, with its focus on chart patterns and moving averages, plays a crucial role in informing trading decisions. The market's complexity is further amplified by the presence of entities like credit risk, counterparty risk, and operational risk.

Central bank intervention, order execution, clearing and settlement, and trade confirmation are essential components of the market's infrastructure, ensuring a seamless exchange of currencies. Geopolitical risk, currency correlation, and inflation rates contribute to currency volatility, necessitating hedging strategies and risk management. Market risk, interest rate differentials, and commodity currencies influence trading strategies, while cross-border payments and brokerage services facilitate international trade. The ongoing evolution of the market is marked by the emergence of advanced trading platforms, automated trading, and real-time data feeds, enabling traders to make informed decisions in an increasingly interconnected and complex global economy.

How is this Foreign Exchange Industry segmented?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem where various entities interplay to manage currency risks and facilitate international trade. Reporting dealers, as key participants,

Graph and download economic data for Canadian Dollars to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (DEXCAUS) from 1971-01-04 to 2025-07-25 about Canada, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Exchange rate of New Zealand increased by 1.47% from 1.6 LCU per US dollars in 2023 to 1.7 LCU per US dollars in 2024. Since the 8.32% drop in 2021, exchange rate shot up by 16.87% in 2024. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

The USD/MXN exchange rate fell to 18.7402 on July 29, 2025, down 0.10% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Mexican Peso has strengthened 0.06%, and is up by 0.14% over the last 12 months. Mexican Peso - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Mexican Pesos to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (DEXMXUS) from 1993-11-08 to 2025-06-13 about Mexico, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Exchange rate of Nauru increased by 0.68% from 1.5 LCU per US dollars in 2023 to 1.5 LCU per US dollars in 2024. Since the 8.39% drop in 2021, exchange rate surged by 13.83% in 2024. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: US Dollar data was reported at 173.300 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 174.540 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 108.980 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 221.130 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 67.620 Jun1994=100 in Jul 1996. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): FIPE: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Graph and download economic data for Nominal Broad U.S. Dollar Index (DTWEXBGS) from 2006-01-02 to 2025-07-25 about trade-weighted, broad, exchange rate, currency, goods, services, rate, indexes, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Announced Issues of International Bonds and Notes, Floating Rate in Currency of Issue in US dollar (DISCONTINUED) (IBANFRUSAI) from Q3 1993 to Q2 2015 about issues, notes, adjusted, bonds, currency, and rate.

The USD/ILS exchange rate rose to 3.3804 on July 30, 2025, up 0.41% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Israeli Shekel has weakened 0.29%, but it's up by 10.50% over the last 12 months. Israeli Shekel - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: WPI: Internal Supply: US Dollar data was reported at 85.390 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 85.340 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: WPI: Internal Supply: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 81.380 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 145.190 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 48.910 Jun1994=100 in Apr 2011. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: WPI: Internal Supply: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio

Graph and download economic data for Announced Issues of International Bonds and Notes, Floating Rate in Currency of Issue in Euro (DISCONTINUED) (IBANFREUAI) from Q3 1993 to Q2 2015 about issues, notes, adjusted, Euro Area, Europe, bonds, currency, and rate.

In March 2022, one euro could increasingly buy fewer Russian rubles according to the EUR to RUB exchange rate history. Figures have somewhat recovered since. A value of 94.33 rubles per single euro as observed on July 29, 2025, resembled exchange rates found in the mid-2010s. Despite significant drops in 2015 and 2017, the rate grew on average until then. At the end of 2020, one euro could buy roughly 90 Russian rubles - a value that was over twice as high as it was in 2009. Noticeable is the large increase during 2020, amidst the coronavirus pandemic: within three months, the exchange rate grew by roughly 13 Russian rubles. Like the euro, the USD to ruble value also declined in February and March 2022.

Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): US Dollar data was reported at 146.940 Jun1994=100 in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 147.900 Jun1994=100 for Feb 2025. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 101.450 Jun1994=100 from Jan 1988 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 447 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 206.110 Jun1994=100 in Oct 2002 and a record low of 61.560 Jun1994=100 in Jul 2011. Brazil REER: 15 Group Currency: Consumer Price Index (CPI): US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.MG004: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index. Notes: The drop of the index means exchange rate appreciationA queda do índice significa valorização da taxa de câmbio