Title: Exchange Rate and Inflation Rate on GDP Dataset

Description: This dataset presents a comprehensive collection of historical data on exchange rates, inflation rates, and their impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, economists, and data enthusiasts seeking to explore the relationships between these key economic indicators.

The dataset contains information from various countries and regions, covering multiple years, allowing users to analyze how exchange rate fluctuations and inflation rates have influenced the economic performance of different economies over time.

Attributes included in the dataset:

1. Country/Region: The name of the country or region for which the data is recorded.
2. Year: The year to which the data corresponds.
3. Exchange Rate: The exchange rate of the country's currency against a specified reference currency.
4. Inflation Rate: The percentage change in the general price level of goods and services over a specific period.
5. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given year.

Use cases: - Analyzing the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on a country's trade balance and economic growth. - Studying the relationship between inflation rates and changes in purchasing power in different economies. - Exploring correlations between GDP growth and exchange rate policies of countries. - Building predictive models to forecast inflation rates or exchange rate movements based on historical data.

Note to users: Please keep in mind that while this dataset provides valuable insights into the relationships between exchange rates, inflation rates, and GDP, it should be used responsibly and in conjunction with other relevant data sources for accurate and robust analyses.

If you have any questions or feedback about this dataset, feel free to reach out. Happy analyzing!

Italy Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Volume: 2021 Exchange Rates: USD data was reported at 2,358.447 USD bn in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,329.938 USD bn for 2025. Italy Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Volume: 2021 Exchange Rates: USD data is updated yearly, averaging 1,833.942 USD bn from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2026, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,358.447 USD bn in 2026 and a record low of 568.992 USD bn in 1960. Italy Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Volume: 2021 Exchange Rates: USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.OECD.EO: GDP by Expenditure: Volume: Forecast: OECD Member: Annual.

This dataset consists of information on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) conversion factor, which is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. This conversion factor is for GDP (Gross Domestic Product).

Key information about United Kingdom Exchange Rate against USD

• United Kingdom Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.801 (USD/GBP) in May 2023, compared with 0.803 USD/GBP in the previous month.
• UK Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 0.915 in Feb 1985 and a record low of 0.357 in Nov 1967.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1971 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about United Kingdom Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, UK Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: ICE LIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 0.088 % pa in Apr 2021.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: United Kingdom: ECB Harmonised ) was reported at 3.950 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Base Rate) was set at 4.500 % pa in May 2023.

This dataset provides values for PPP CONVERSION FACTOR GDP TO MARKET EXCHANGE RATE RATIO WB DATA.HTML reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

United States US: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data was reported at 117.451 2010=100 in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 117.772 2010=100 for 2016. United States US: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data is updated yearly, averaging 108.785 2010=100 from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2017, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 147.640 2010=100 in 1985 and a record low of 95.102 2010=100 in 2011. United States US: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; ;

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Hong Kong data was reported at 10.197 HKD/GBP in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.237 HKD/GBP for Sep 2018. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Hong Kong data is updated monthly, averaging 12.114 HKD/GBP from Jan 1977 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 502 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.101 HKD/GBP in Nov 2007 and a record low of 7.955 HKD/GBP in Mar 1977. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Hong Kong data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M007: Foreign Exchange Rates.

Brazil BR: PPP Conversion Factor: to Market Exchange Rate: Price Level Ratio data was reported at 0.488 Ratio in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.467 Ratio for 2022. Brazil BR: PPP Conversion Factor: to Market Exchange Rate: Price Level Ratio data is updated yearly, averaging 0.533 Ratio from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.881 Ratio in 2011 and a record low of 0.297 Ratio in 2002. Brazil BR: PPP Conversion Factor: to Market Exchange Rate: Price Level Ratio data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Purchasing Power Parity. Price level ratio is the ratio of a purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor to an exchange rate. It provides a measure of the differences in price levels between countries by indicating the number of units of the common currency needed to buy the same volume of the aggregation level in each country. At the level of GDP, they provide a measure of the differences in the general price levels of countries.;International Comparison Program, World Bank | World Development Indicators database, World Bank | Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme.;;

Key information about Italy Real Effective Exchange Rate

• Italy Real Effective Exchange Rate (HCI: 2005=100: Month Avg: Italy) was 94.5 in Jun 2023, compared with the number of 94.0 in the previous month.
• Italy Real Effective Exchange Rate data is updated monthly and averaged 103.4 from Jan 1993 to Jun 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 103.4 in Oct 2009 and a record low of 80.4 in Apr 1995.

CEIC generates Real Effective Exchange Rate Index with base 2005=100. European Central Bank provides Harmonized Competitiveness Indicator with base 1Q1999=100. CPI is used as a deflator. An increase in REER indicates reduced competitiveness for the reporting economy. Italy is part of the Euro Area since January 1999.


Related information about Italy Real Effective Exchange Rate

• In the latest reports, Italy Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.6 % pa in Nov 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 4.0 % pa in Jul 2023.
• Italy Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.9 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.

Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 185.541 USD/EUR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 185.336 USD/EUR for 2024. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 161.340 USD/EUR from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2025, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 223.936 USD/EUR in 2001 and a record low of 135.186 USD/EUR in 1992. Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Portugal – Table PT.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

BR: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data was reported at 4.994 USD/BRL in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.164 USD/BRL for 2022. BR: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 0.001 USD/BRL from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2023, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.394 USD/BRL in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 USD/BRL in 1988. BR: DEC Alternative Conversion Factor: per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Brazil – Table BR.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. The DEC alternative conversion factor is the underlying annual exchange rate used for the World Bank Atlas method. As a rule, it is the official exchange rate reported in the IMF's International Financial Statistics (line rf). Exceptions arise where further refinements are made by World Bank staff. It is expressed in local currency units per U.S. dollar.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, supplemented by World Bank staff estimates.;;In the WDI database, the DEC alternative conversion factor is used to convert data in local currency units (LCU) into U.S. dollars.

Graph and download economic data for Financial Market: Real Effective Exchange Rates: CPI Based for United States (CCRETT01USQ661N) from Q1 1970 to Q2 2025 about exchange rate, currency, CPI, manufacturing, real, rate, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

During 2022, the GBP/USD exchange rate reached its lowest value ever recorded after the UK government announced its initial plans to combat inflation. Prices did increase again after these plans were turned back shortly after. As of August 27, 2025, one pound was valued at roughly 1.35 U.S. dollars.What affects an exchange rate?There are several factors that can impact an exchange rate. In terms of the current situation, the political and economic standings surrounding Brexit are probably the largest driver in the current form of the British pound. Other factors include inflation and interest rates, public debts, and deficits, as well as the country's export prices to import prices ratio.British pound to EuroSince the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum on its European Union membership in June 2016, the British pound's (GBP) standing against the Euro has also been impacted. During the first half of 2020, the British pound against the Euro weakened overall.

Key information about US Real Effective Exchange Rate

• United States Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER: Jan2006=100: Month Avg: United States) was 121.8 in Feb 2025, compared with the number of 122.7 in the previous month.
• US Real Effective Exchange Rate data is updated monthly and averaged 122.7 from Jan 2006 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 122.7 in Jan 2025 and a record low of 83.9 in Jul 2011.

Federal Reserve Board provides Real Effective Exchange Rate with base January 2006=100. CPI is used as a deflator. An increase in REER indicates reduced competitiveness for the reporting economy. Due to lack of historical data, the indicator cannot be recalculated with base 2005=100.


Related information about US Real Effective Exchange Rate

• In the latest reports, US Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: Treasury Bills: 3 Months was reported at 4.2 % pa in Feb 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Effective Federal Funds Rate) was set at 4.3 % pa in Feb 2025.

This dataset provides values for PPP CONVERSION FACTOR GDP TO MARKET EXCHANGE RATE RATIO WB DATA.HTML reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Graph and download economic data for Currency Conversions: US Dollar Exchange Rate: Average of Daily Rates: National Currency: USD for United Kingdom (CCUSMA02GBM618N) from Jan 1957 to Jun 2025 about United Kingdom, exchange rate, currency, and rate.

Replication package and online appendix for the paper “Output Divergence in Fixed Exchange Rate Regimes” by Yao Chen and Felix Ward. The replication package includes a readme-file, Stata codes, data, and output files required to reproduce all figures presented in the main text and Online Appendix.

The paper presents empirical evidence for the violation of nominal exchange regime neutrality. We find that fixing the exchange rate is associated with real output losses among countries with a high pre-peg inflation rate. In particular, ten years after fixing the exchange rate a country with a +1 percentage point (ppt) pre-peg wage inflation differential has a 2% lower real GDP per capita level and a 1% lower TFP level. The tradable sector is more affected than the non-tradable sector, which accords with the former’s greater exposure to international arbitrage.

Czech Republic Real Effective Exchange Rate Index:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator: Foreign Trade Turnover: SITC 5 to 8 data was reported at 112.220 2005=100 in Dec 2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 116.650 2005=100 for Sep 2011. Czech Republic Real Effective Exchange Rate Index:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator: Foreign Trade Turnover: SITC 5 to 8 data is updated quarterly, averaging 95.810 2005=100 from Mar 1996 (Median) to Dec 2011, with 64 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 123.120 2005=100 in Sep 2008 and a record low of 71.910 2005=100 in Mar 1996. Czech Republic Real Effective Exchange Rate Index:(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductDeflator: Foreign Trade Turnover: SITC 5 to 8 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Czech National Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Czech Republic – Table CZ.M017: Nominal and Real Effective Exchange Rate Index: 2005=100.

Graph and download economic data for Currency Conversions: US Dollar Exchange Rate: Average of Daily Rates: National Currency: USD for Euro Area (19 Countries) (CCUSMA02EZM618N) from Jan 1979 to Jul 2025 about Euro Area, Europe, exchange rate, currency, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Currency Conversions: US Dollar Exchange Rate: Average of Daily Rates: National Currency: USD for Poland (CCUSMA02PLQ618N) from Q1 1957 to Q2 2025 about Poland, exchange rate, currency, and rate.