TO5 2.3.2: Large-Scale Temperature Study Although space-conditioning systems are required to meet standards such as those in the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) Manual RS (Rutkowski 1997) and the ASHRAE Standard 55 (ASHRAE 2013) comfort criteria, little is known about how space-conditioning systems are actually operating in the field and if these systems are meeting those standards. Unconventional space-conditioning systems may be necessary for low-load homes in the future. It is important to know how current systems are functioning in existing homes and to what temperatures occupants typically set the thermostats in their homes. The U.S. Department of Energy's Building America research team IBACOS set out to find some answers. By using low-cost data loggers and occupant surveys to monitor 37 single-family homes that have standard heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment, the team gained insight into how sensitive occupants are to comfort in their homes relative to the ACCA and ASHRAE standards. This study focused on one climate zone (hot-humid); however, future studies may find differences among occupants- ideas of thermal comfort in other climate zones. Data were collected from installed sensors during a 2-month period from late August 2014 through late October 2014. The final aspect of this project was to review the business metrics associated with builders involved in a comfort and performance guarantee program. The results of this study-taken as an aggregate-show that the homes provided room-to-room temperature differences less than 6 degrees F 95% of the time. Temperature differences were less than 4 degrees F 80% of the time. Some homes showed better or worse performance. On average, two-story homes had a 3.3 degrees F temperature difference between rooms; single-story homes had an average of a 2.2 degrees F temperature difference between rooms. Occupants who did not use programmable thermostats had an average set point of 75 degrees F. Homes in which the thermostats were programmed with a setback schedule showed a median baseline temperature value of 74 degrees F and had a median afternoon setback of 75 degrees F. System runtime was analyzed and showed that the room-to-room temperature uniformity in some homes worsened during an on cycle, whereas the uniformity improved in other homes. That is, when the system was running, some rooms were receiving too much or too little air relative to the rest of the house, and the temperatures in those rooms were moving away from the temperatures of the other rooms in the house. Finally, analysis of the thermostat data shows a wide degree of variability among homes in the study. Interpretation of the measured data suggests that 21 occupants made no regular adjustments to the thermostats in their homes, seven had regular setbacks, seven showed varying setbacks, and 10 appeared to follow no pattern (with random adjustments). Ultimately, the data show that current systems are maintaining expected levels of comfort. As expected, it is more challenging to maintain a uniform temperature in all rooms of two-story homes, and future systems should address this issue. Furthermore, the data show that the majority of homes maintained relative humidity levels below 60% without any supplemental dehumidification

Graph and download economic data for New Private Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits: 1-Unit Structures for Hot Springs, AR (MSA) (HSPBP1FH) from Jan 2004 to Feb 2025 about Hot Springs, privately owned, 1-unit structures, AR, permits, family, buildings, housing, and USA.

The development plan (BPL) contains the legally binding determinations for the urban planning order. In principle, the development plan must be developed from the land use plan. The available data is the development plan “Housing and Mixed Area Hot Blade” of the municipality of Schwaikheim from XPlanung 5.0. Description: The development plan contains the legally binding determinations for the urban planning system. In principle, the development plan must be developed from the land use plan.

Apartment and residential status. Housing costs. Settlement structures and the socio-structural context of the dwelling and its evaluation. Economic background. Neighbourhood and integration. Mobility.

Topics: 1. Housing: town size; living in the city centre or outside; location; duration of residence at the place of residence; duration of residence in the current residence; residential status; owner of the dwelling (private individual, local authority or other housing enterprises, housing cooperatives, company housing).

1. Housing costs: tenants were asked: housing entitlement certificate required; amount of monthly rent; rent including heating and hot water; amount of monthly costs for heating and hot water; amount of the monthly heating flat rate; amount of the hot water money; amount of the monthly hot water lump sum; amount of the average monthly heating costs; payment cycle for heating and hot water and paid amount; amount of annual amount for heating and hot water; assessment of rental costs; receipt and amount of housing benefit; owners were asked: size of plot; type of ownership acquisition (old stock, new building, inheritance); reasons for owning your own house or a own dwelling; claiming state subsidies (owner-occupied dwelling allowance or §10e of the Income Tax Act); encumbrance of the real property by loans or credits or unencumbered; amount of the monthly charge for interest and repayment of principal; amount of monthly operating expenses for heating, hot water, refuse collection, etc.; amount of housing benefit to be paid for freehold flats.

2. Current dwelling and living environment: living space; number of residential premises; assessment of the size of the dwelling; equipment of the dwelling; equipment meets needs; modernization or renovation in the last two years; type of modernization works (smaller renovation, partial renovation or complete renovation); cost units of the refurbishment (tenants only); respondent carried out refurbishment himself; period of construction; type of house; assessment of the structural condition of the house satisfaction with the place of residence, the immediate living environment, the neighborhood, the environmental conditions and the street scene in the living environment (scalometer); satisfaction with the apartment (scalometer).

3. Residential area and social structure: description of the residential environment and of the residential area; construction period of the houses in the residential area; structure of the residential area: pure new development area, one- or two-family houses, multi-family houses or larger apartment blocks; type of desired house; size of the preferred place of residence; preferred residential location within the metropolis; preference for old or new residential areas; information on the last dwelling: residential status of the last dwelling; location of the last dwelling; size of the last place of residence; place of residence in the surrounding area of a larger city; name of municipality; tesidential area within the city; tesidential area within a purely residential area or mixed development; type of residential area; age (construction period) of the houses in the residential area; pure new development area; one- or two-family houses, multi-family houses or larger blocks of flats; heavily trafficked road; street greening; vacant flats or shops in the residential area; reputation (image) of the residential area at that time; main reason for relocation; residential area as relocation motive; most important relocation motives; reputation (image) of the present residential area; structural condition of the residential area; vacant flats or shops in the residential area; environmental pollution of the residential environment (Road traffic noise, railway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise, odours, exhaust gases or dust generation); load of the residential area through burglaries, harassment, violence or smearing at houses; heavily trafficked road; street greening; change in the street scene in the last few years; measures to redesign the residential area and nature of the measures carried out; existing plans for the redesign and type of planned remodelling; within walking distance accessible selected infrastructure facilities in the residential area; relatives and friends in the neighbourhood; relationship with neighbours; give neighbours the key to own flat; things the respondent would miss after relocation; social differences in the residential area; change in the social structure in the residential area; subjectively perceived population composition in the residential area.

4. Neighbourhood and integration: relationship between Germans and foreigners in the residential environment; reasons for friction; evaluation of the personal experiences with foreigners in the neighbourhood; duration of stay of the foreigners in the residential area; origin of newly arrived foreigners (repatriates of German origin, refugees or...