The largest population group in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia consisted of **** million male nationals and about **** million female Saudi nationals in 2018. Female foreigners numbered an estimated **** million - less than half of the number of male foreigners dwelling in Saudi Arabia. According to estimates, the total population of Saudi Arabia during this time period was 33.2 million people.   Regional context    Though Saudi Arabia, with a landmass of **** million square kilometers, is the largest Middle Eastern country, population wise it in the midfield. This results in a low population density in Saudi Arabia of only 15.3 inhabitants per square kilometer. Saudi Arabia has a unique position within the Gulf Cooperation Council countries as approximately two thirds of the population are Saudi Arabian nationals – unlike the other countries in the subregion were the citizens are the minority of the population.   Population development    The population of Saudi Arabia grew between 2011 and 2017 by 3.1 percent. This is reflected in Saudi Arabia’s relatively young population with a median age of 29.8 years. The average life expectancy in Saudi Arabia is increasing as well, which indicates social and economic improvement within the country.

Four countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) were among the ********** in the global Working Abroad Index ranking. The top three, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, also have the biggest economies in the council and rank among the highest in the world in expatriate quality of life. The ranking was conducted among ** countries worldwide and is an aggregate of four factors. These factors include career prospects, salary and job security, work and leisure, and work culture and satisfaction. Kuwait was near the bottom of the list, both among GCC countries and globally, ranking **th. Dependency on foreign workforce The share of expatriate workers in the GCC outweighs that of local workers, making the region heavily reliant on foreign workers. A high portion of the expat workers in the GCC come from Asia and work in both skilled and unskilled professions. These foreign workers not only supplement the local economy, but also send billions of U.S. dollars back each year in remittances to their home countries. Additionally, many international companies, foreign universities, research institutions, as well as domestically grown tech startups are run by foreign nationals. Policy reforms for expat working conditions Recent initiatives and policy changes have been introduced in the council to improve working conditions for foreign workers. These include addressing long-standing gaps in worker rights through Saudi Arabia’s Workers Wage Protection System, following in the footsteps of the UAE and Qatar, which have similar systems in place. Additionally, some countries, like the UAE, have announced various new visa options, which are aimed at offering more flexibility to expatriates who want to live and settle in the country. An example of this is the Golden Visa, which is valid for periods of 10 years, or the recent rollout of a freelance visa for self-employed entrepreneurs similar to that offered by many European countries. On the other end, Saudi Arabia’s workforce localization initiatives have been taking steps to train their own citizens and encourage both men and women to play a more active role in the economy.

In the second quarter of 2020, the region's share of expatriate workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries was the highest in Saudi Arabia at about ** percent. The number of expat workers in the second quarter of 2020 in the region was about **** million.

Three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries ranked among the top twenty countries globally in terms of ease of settling in for expats. While Qatar ranked among the best countries for quality of life, it was ranked one of the hardest to settle into for expats, coming in at ** out of 53 countries worldwide. Likewise, Saudi Arabia was also near the bottom of the list, ranking just slightly above Qatar. Nonetheless, Saudi Arabia ranked among the highest in the world in working abroad experience for expats. The ranking was conducted among ** countries worldwide and is an aggregate of * factors. These factors include leisure options, travel and transit, healthcare, safety and security, and environment and climate. Leisure and tourism sector expansion in the GCC One of the key factors affecting expats’ ease of settling into a new country is the availability of leisure options. Bahrain, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates, which topped the list, have historically been attractive tourist destinations. This has prompted these countries to invest heavily in the tourism and leisure sector, something which is clearly reflected by the contribution of the tourism industry to GCC gross domestic product (GDP). Other countries in the region are also hoping to expand their tourism and leisure sector, such as Saudi Arabia, whose tourism industry is primarily centered around religious tourism. However, this focus could change as part of Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the country’s economy and wean off oil dependency by investing in diverse sectors, tourism, sports, and entertainment being key focus areas. Initiatives include investment in the Saudi Pro League, a football league with multiple clubs that have signed world-renowned players for historic contracts. Furthermore, there are initiatives focused on Riyadh festival, the Red Sea resort, and the NEOM megacity project.
Healthcare benefits for residents Healthcare is another key factor contributing to expats’ ease of settling in a foreign country. For many years, healthcare expenditure in the GCC has consistently grown. Residents can generally expect to receive high-quality healthcare. Health insurance is required for expats, but services may vary based on the type of coverage one has or whether one visits public or private health facilities. In addition to investing heavily in healthcare and health facilities, GCC countries have also been expanding into health education and research. Some institutions include Weill Cornell Medical College, which operates a campus in Qatar, the University of Calgary in Qatar (UCQ), and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, among others.

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Explore data on foreigners granted residence permits in Saudi Arabia, including information on admin areas, gender, and more from the Statistical Yearbook.

Foreigners, permits, Admin Area, Gender, Statistical Yearbook Saudi ArabiaFollow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research..

Saudi Arabia Passengers Traffic: Arrival: SA: Foreigners: Other Airports data was reported at 53,079.000 Person in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 70,085.000 Person for 2015. Saudi Arabia Passengers Traffic: Arrival: SA: Foreigners: Other Airports data is updated yearly, averaging 8,778.000 Person from Dec 1986 (Median) to 2016, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 70,085.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of 131.000 Person in 1988. Saudi Arabia Passengers Traffic: Arrival: SA: Foreigners: Other Airports data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Saudi Arabian Airlines. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.TA009: Air Transport: Passengers Traffic: by Airport and Destination.

According to the survey, as of February 2023, four out of the six countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council ranked amongst the top ** in the world for expatriate quality of life. Qatar and the United Arab Emirates topped the list for quality of life, whereas Saudi Arabia and Kuwait came last in the region. Quality of life; an amalgamation of many metrics Since quality of life is dependent on many indicators, it can give us a good insight into many aspects of state welfare policies and services. Saudi Arabia, where the number of foreign workers in the private sector topped *** million, also ranked as having one of the region's lowest quality of life for expatriates. Qatar, which had the second-highest quality of life for expatriates living in the GCC, was ranked as one of the most challenging countries in the region for ease of settling in. The UAE and Qatar, both of which ranked the highest in the survey, also have the highest average salaries and living standards in the region. Foreign workers are a key pillar of the GCC economy Countries in the GCC all have sizable expatriate populations for which their economies are heavily reliant. Roughly ********** of the workforce in the GCC is foreign. Although the share of foreign workers in the GCC has slightly decreased in recent years, they still considerably outweigh the local workforce. Most of these workers comprise the unskilled portion of the occupational category in the GCC. However, with diversifying investments and programs such as Vision 2030, countries have seen a rise in the number of skilled foreign workers.

Mongolia Visitor Departures: Year to Date: Foreigners: Saudi Arabia data was reported at 91.000 Person in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 82.000 Person for Sep 2019. Mongolia Visitor Departures: Year to Date: Foreigners: Saudi Arabia data is updated quarterly, averaging 26.000 Person from Jun 2010 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 143.000 Person in Dec 2016 and a record low of 0.000 Person in Jun 2012. Mongolia Visitor Departures: Year to Date: Foreigners: Saudi Arabia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Statistics Office of Mongolia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mongolia – Table MN.Q002: Visitor Departures.

This statistic displays the results of a survey about the cost of living ranking according to expatriates living in the Gulf Cooperation Council as of **********, by country. According to the report published by InterNations, Saudi Arabia ranked **** out of 68 countries when it comes to cost of living as of **********.

In 2022, the highest share of trips taken by non-Saudi nationals in Saudi Arabia were to Egypt, accounting for ** percent of total expat outbound trips. There were about *** million outbound tourist trips taken by expats living in the country in that year.

In the third quarter of 2023, the compliance rate for companies in Saudi Arabia with the expatriate workers wage protection system was approximately ** percent. This was a considerable increase from 2017 when only **** of the total companies were deemed compliant. The wage protection program is designed to ensure the rights of workers in the private sector. This is done by establishing a database of both Saudi and foreign labor workers in the private sector, containing their updated payment information. This information is used to track whether workers are paid on time, and that remuneration is in accordance with their employment contract.

In 2021, the total number of non-national employed workers in the private sector of Saudi Arabia totaled to around **** million workers. Foreign nationals made up around **** percent of the private sector workforce in Saudi Arabia.

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