According to recent projections, the impact of reciprocal tariffs worldwide will lead to a short-term acceleration of prices by 0.71 percent. The U.S. is expected to experience the highest price index increase, estimated at 7.26 percent.

This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data, tables, and charts presented in Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans, PIIE Policy Brief 24-1.

If you use the data, please cite as: Clausing, Kimberly, and Mary E. Lovely. 2024. Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans. PIIE Policy Brief 24-1. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

In May 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 20 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.1 percent in May 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 9.9 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

Building materials made of steel, copper and other metals had some of the highest price growth rates in the U.S. in early 2025 in comparison to the previous year. The growth rate of the cost of several construction materials was slightly lower than in late 2024. It is important to note, though, that the figures provided are Producer Price Indices, which cover production within the United States, but do not include imports or tariffs. This might matter for lumber, as Canada's wood production is normally large enough that the U.S. can import it from its neighboring country. Construction material prices in the United Kingdom Similarly to these trends in the U.S., at that time the price growth rate of construction materials in the UK were generally lower 2024 than in 2023. Nevertheless, the cost of some construction materials in the UK still rose that year, with several of those items reaching price growth rates of over **** percent. Considering that those materials make up a very big share of the costs incurred for a construction project, those developments may also have affected the average construction output price in the UK. Construction material shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic During the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic, there often were supply problems and material shortages, which created instability in the construction market. According to a survey among construction contractors, the construction materials most affected by shortages in the U.S. during most of 2021 were steel and lumber. This was also a problem on the other side of the Atlantic: The share of building construction companies experiencing shortages in Germany soared between March and June 2021, staying at high levels for over a year. Meanwhile, the shortage of material or equipment was one of the main factors limiting the building activity in France in June 2022.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The statistic depicts Mexico's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. In 2024, Mexico's real GDP grew by about 1.45 percent compared to the previous year. Mexico's economy Mexico, having not been dramatically affected by the 2002 South American crisis, has one of the strongest economies in the Americas behind the United States and Canada. By improving its macroeconomic rules and regulations, Mexico improved on many aspects of its economy, most notably inflation. Several goals that the government wanted accomplish were the improvement of infrastructure around the country as well as newer tax laws that would allow for higher income equality. Mexico is generally an export-oriented country, with the majority of export goods consisting of electronics, automobiles and agricultural goods. Exports over the past decade have seen continuous growth, with the exception of 2009. This increase in exports is largely due to an increasing number of free trade agreements with international countries, which essentially eliminate tariffs between member countries. However, Mexico imports more than they export, having recorded an annual trade deficit over the past decade. While most economics label this as a negative aspect, other economics believe that trade deficits are associated with positive economic developments.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.