In 2024, the national debt of India amounted to around 3.16 trillion U.S. dollars. Projections show an upward trend, with a significant increase each year. Honor thy national debtNational debt, also called government debt or public debt, is money owed by the federal government. It can be divided into internal debt, (which is owed to lenders in the country) and external debt (which is owed to foreign lenders). National debt is created and increased by using government bonds, for example, or by borrowing money from other nations due to financial struggles (well-known case in point: Greece). A quite complex issue, national debt is expected to be paid back in accordance with certain regulations overseen by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), a financial organization owned by central banks. India’s debt is rising, but so is its economic growthIndia’s liabilities have increased significantly, and forecasts show no end in sight. While India is a fast-growing economy and considered one of the main emerging economies, the so-called BRIC countries, India has been investing and borrowing money from commercial banks as well as several non-banking finance companies, and its national debt today makes up almost 70 percent of its GDP. Luckily, even though the national debt is forecast to increase, this share of GDP is predicted to decrease, as is the trade deficit in the long run, despite a significant jump back into the red in 2017.

External Debt in India increased to 736300 USD Million in the first quarter of 2025 from 717900 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset provides - India External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about India External Debt: % of GDP

• India External Debt accounted for 18.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 20.0 % in the previous year.
• India External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Mar 1970 to Mar 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 38.2 % in Mar 1992 and a record low of 10.9 % in Mar 1980.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Finance provides External Debt in local currency. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on SNA 2008, at 2011-2012 prices. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, ending in March of each year.


Related information about India External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of India, Current Account recorded a deficit of 1.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 9.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• India Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 3.0 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 1.6 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• The country's External Debt reached 624,653.7 in Mar 2023.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 873.7 USD bn in Mar 2023.

India recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 81.59 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2023. This dataset provides - India Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Historical chart and dataset showing India external debt by year from 1970 to 2023.

India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors: Long Term data was reported at 176.906 USD bn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 172.309 USD bn for 2023. India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors: Long Term data is updated yearly, averaging 175.067 USD bn from Mar 2019 (Median) to 2024, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 183.010 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 153.492 USD bn in 2019. India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors: Long Term data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table IN.FK008: External Debt: IMF's 2013 External Debt Statistics Guide: USD: Annual.

This layer shows India's External Debt: Currency-Wise (2019-24) reported in the Economic Survey 2024-2025Data source: https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/doc/stat/tab7.4.pdfNotes: P: Provisional PR: Partially RevisedThis web layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any questions or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

India IN: External Debt: NTR: PS: Multilateral Concessional data was reported at -1.334 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of -833.242 USD mn for 2022. India IN: External Debt: NTR: PS: Multilateral Concessional data is updated yearly, averaging 364.828 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2023, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.098 USD bn in 1982 and a record low of -1.754 USD bn in 2019. India IN: External Debt: NTR: PS: Multilateral Concessional data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Net Flows and Net Transfers: Annual. Public sector multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 5 percent. Net transfers are net flows minus interest payments during the year; negative transfers show net transfers made by the borrower to the creditor during the year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Total Union Budget Allocation for Repayment of Debt under Ministry of Finace .It has Internal and External Debt , appropriation includes provision for repayment of internal and external debt raised by Central Government including discharge of Treasury bills of different maturities, short term borrowings through Cash Management Bills, Ways and Means Advances, buy back/switches for reduction/debt portfolio management etc.

India IN: External Debt: NTR: GG: Multilateral Concessional data was reported at -832.013 USD mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 267.525 USD mn for 2021. India IN: External Debt: NTR: GG: Multilateral Concessional data is updated yearly, averaging 373.040 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2022, with 53 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.101 USD bn in 1982 and a record low of -1.750 USD bn in 2019. India IN: External Debt: NTR: GG: Multilateral Concessional data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Net Flows and Net Transfers: Annual. General government multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 5 percent. Net transfers are net flows minus interest payments during the year; negative transfers show net transfers made by the borrower to the creditor during the year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors data was reported at 301.303 USD bn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 297.787 USD bn for 2023. India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors data is updated yearly, averaging 287.061 USD bn from Mar 2019 (Median) to 2024, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 301.832 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 257.637 USD bn in 2019. India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table IN.FK008: External Debt: IMF's 2013 External Debt Statistics Guide: USD: Annual.

The national debt of Pakistan stood at about ************** U.S. dollars in 2024. Between 1994 and 2024, the national debt rose by approximately ************** U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The national debt will steadily rise by around ************** U.S. dollars over the period from 2024 to 2030, reflecting a clear upward trend.

India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors: Other Financial Corporations data was reported at 48.512 USD bn in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 55.004 USD bn for 2023. India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors: Other Financial Corporations data is updated yearly, averaging 50.691 USD bn from Mar 2019 (Median) to 2024, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 55.166 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 31.608 USD bn in 2019. India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors: Other Financial Corporations data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table IN.FK008: External Debt: IMF's 2013 External Debt Statistics Guide: USD: Annual.

External Debt in Bangladesh increased to 69.65 USD Billion in 2024 from 62.41 USD Billion in 2023. This dataset provides - Bangladesh External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

India IN: External Debt: NFL: GG: Multilateral Concessional data was reported at -862.537 USD mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of -632.510 USD mn for 2022. India IN: External Debt: NFL: GG: Multilateral Concessional data is updated yearly, averaging 475.472 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2023, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.147 USD bn in 1982 and a record low of -1.586 USD bn in 2019. India IN: External Debt: NFL: GG: Multilateral Concessional data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Net Flows and Net Transfers: Annual. General government multilateral loans include loans and credits from the World Bank, regional development banks, and other multilateral and intergovernmental agencies. Excluded are loans from funds administered by an international organization on behalf of a single donor government; these are classified as loans from governments. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 5 percent. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal repayments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

India IN: External Debt: Stock: Reduction data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2014. India IN: External Debt: Stock: Reduction data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2019, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2019 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2019. India IN: External Debt: Stock: Reduction data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Arrears and Reschedulings: Annual. Debt stock reductions show the amount that has been netted out of the stock of debt using debt conversion schemes such as buybacks and equity swaps or the discounted value of long-term bonds that were issued in exchange for outstanding debt. It includes the effect of any financial operation that will reduce the debt stock other than debt stock restructuring, repayment of principal and debt forgiven. In particular, debt stock reduction will include the face value of debt bought back, the face value of debt swapped for equity (or 'nature' or 'development'), any face value reduction that might result as the consequence of a bond exchange, and any face value reduction resulting from an exchange of debt for discount bonds. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

India IN: External Debt: DOD: PNG: Commercia; Banks and Other Creditors data was reported at 226.736 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 236.509 USD bn for 2021. India IN: External Debt: DOD: PNG: Commercia; Banks and Other Creditors data is updated yearly, averaging 5.070 USD bn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2022, with 53 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 237.532 USD bn in 2019 and a record low of 100.000 USD mn in 1972. India IN: External Debt: DOD: PNG: Commercia; Banks and Other Creditors data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service: Annual. Nonguaranteed long-term commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions. Private nonguaranteed long-term debt outstanding and disbursed is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors: Other Financial Corporations: Long Term: Debt Securities data was reported at 19.133 USD bn in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 28.405 USD bn for 2023. India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors: Other Financial Corporations: Long Term: Debt Securities data is updated yearly, averaging 21.058 USD bn from Mar 2019 (Median) to 2024, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.405 USD bn in 2023 and a record low of 12.850 USD bn in 2019. India External Debt: IMF's 2013: USD: Other Sectors: Other Financial Corporations: Long Term: Debt Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table IN.FK008: External Debt: IMF's 2013 External Debt Statistics Guide: USD: Annual.

India IN: External Debt: AMT: Other Public Sector (OPS): Bilateral data was reported at 189.006 USD mn in 2031. This records a decrease from the previous number of 195.572 USD mn for 2030. India IN: External Debt: AMT: Other Public Sector (OPS): Bilateral data is updated yearly, averaging 305.911 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2031, with 62 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 718.110 USD mn in 2019 and a record low of 24.657 USD mn in 1971. India IN: External Debt: AMT: Other Public Sector (OPS): Bilateral data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.IDS: External Debt: Amortization: Annual. Other public sector bilateral debt includes loans from governments and their agencies (including central banks), loans from autonomous bodies, and direct loans from official export credit agencies. Principal repayments are actual amounts of principal (amortization) paid by the borrower in currency, goods, or services in the year specified. Data are in current U.S. dollars.