The Federal National Mortgage Association, commonly known as Fannie Mae, was created by the U.S. congress in 1938, in order to maintain liquidity and stability in the domestic mortgage market. The company is a government-sponsored enterprise (GSE), meaning that while it was a publicly traded company for most of its history, it was still supported by the federal government. While there is no legally binding guarantee of shares in GSEs or their securities, it is generally acknowledged that the U.S. government is highly unlikely to let these enterprises fail. Due to these implicit guarantees, GSEs are able to access financing at a reduced cost of interest. Fannie Mae's main activity is the purchasing of mortgage loans from their originators (banks, mortgage brokers etc.) and packaging them into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) in order to ease the access of U.S. homebuyers to housing credit. The early 2000s U.S. mortgage finance boom During the early 2000s, Fannie Mae was swept up in the U.S. housing boom which eventually led to the financial crisis of 2007-2008. The association's stated goal of increasing access of lower income families to housing finance coalesced with the interests of private mortgage lenders and Wall Street investment banks, who had become heavily reliant on the housing market to drive profits. Private lenders had begun to offer riskier mortgage loans in the early 2000s due to low interest rates in the wake of the "Dot Com" crash and their need to maintain profits through increasing the volume of loans on their books. The securitized products created by these private lenders did not maintain the standards which had traditionally been upheld by GSEs. Due to their market share being eaten into by private firms, however, the GSEs involved in the mortgage markets began to also lower their standards, resulting in a 'race to the bottom'. The fall of Fannie Mae The lowering of lending standards was a key factor in creating the housing bubble, as mortgages were now being offered to borrowers with little or no ability to repay the loans. Combined with fraudulent practices from credit ratings agencies, who rated the junk securities created from these mortgage loans as being of the highest standard, this led directly to the financial panic that erupted on Wall Street beginning in 2007. As the U.S. economy slowed down in 2006, mortgage delinquency rates began to spike. Fannie Mae's losses in the mortgage security market in 2006 and 2007, along with the losses of the related GSE 'Freddie Mac', had caused its share value to plummet, stoking fears that it may collapse. On September 7th 2008, Fannie Mae was taken into government conservatorship along with Freddie Mac, with their stocks being delisted from stock exchanges in 2010. This act was seen as an unprecedented direct intervention into the economy by the U.S. government, and a symbol of how far the U.S. housing market had fallen.

Graph and download economic data for Agency-and GSE-Backed Mortgage Pools; Multifamily Residential Mortgages Held in a Fannie Mae Pool; Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FA413065443A) from 1946 to 2024 about fannie mae, multifamily, transactions, mortgage, family, residential, assets, and USA.

Market DataResidential Mortgage Debt Outstanding—Enterprise Share, 1990 – 2010Total mortgages held or securitized by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as a Percentage of Residential Mortgage Debt Outstanding, 1990 – 2010. Note: Currently, FHFA does not have any plans to update this dataset through more recent periods.Single-Family Mortgages Originated and Outstanding, 1990 – 2011 Q2Statistics for conventional and government-insured or -guaranteed loans and, within each of those sectors, for fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages. Conventional loans are also divided into jumbo and non-jumbo loans. Note: Currently, FHFA does not have any plans to update this dataset through more recent periods.​ Treasury and Federal Reserve Purchase Programs for GSE and Mortgage-Related Securities Data on activities by the Department of the Treasury and the Federal Reserve System to support mortgage markets through purchases of securities issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Federal Home Loan Banks and by Ginnie Mae, a federal agency that guarantees securities backed by mortgages insured or guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and other federal agencies. More details are available on the Treasury and Federal Reserve Purchase Programs for GSE and Mortgage-Related Securities page. ​Note: Currently, FHFA does not have any plans to update this dataset through more recent periods.

Graph and download economic data for Government-Sponsored Enterprises; Securitized Multifamily Residential Mortgages Held by Fannie Mae; Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FA403065463A) from 1946 to 2024 about fannie mae, GSE, multifamily, securitized, transactions, mortgage, family, residential, assets, and USA.

Long term dataset showing the 30 year fixed rate mortgage average in the United States since 1971.

The Commercial/Multifamily Mortgage Bankers Originations Index in the United States declined for the third consecutive quarter, reflecting a trend of decreasing commercial mortgage originations. In the first quarter of 2023, the index stood at 142 index points, meaning that originations had increased by 42 percent since the base year, 2001 when the index value was set to 100. Among the different institution types, Freddie Mac/Fannie Mae witnessed the highest, and CMBS/Conduits the lowest index value.

Graph and download economic data for Government-Sponsored Enterprises; Multifamily Residential Mortgages Held by Fannie Mae (Includes All GSEs Before 2000:Q4); Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FA403065413Q) from Q4 1946 to Q4 2024 about fannie mae, GSE, multifamily, transactions, mortgage, family, residential, assets, and USA.

The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) is an independent regulatory agency that is not part of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

The FHFA was established by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA) and is responsible for the effective supervision, regulation, and housing mission oversight of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac (the Enterprises), Common Securitization Solutions, LLC (CSS), and the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which includes the 11 Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLBanks) and the Office of Finance. Since 2008, FHFA has also served as conservator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

Conforming Loan Limits are mortgage limits set annually (as required by HERA) by the FHFA. In order for a mortgage loan to be eligible to be insured by Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae, the loan amount must be less than the loan limit. Mortgage exceeding the Conforming Loan Limit are referred to as "non-conforming loans" or "jumbo loans." While most counties use a single set of Conforming Loan Limits based on the number of units, high cost of living counties use higher Conforming Loan Limits. The FHFA analyzes year-over-year change in average home prices in October of each year using the Monthly Interest Rate Survey (MIRS) to adjust the Conforming Loan Limits for the upcoming year.

Geospatial data in this feature service uses the Census 2010 County geographies.

To learn more about about the FHFA, please visit:https://www.fhfa.gov/AboutUs



For more information about FHFA Conforming Loan Limits, please visit:https://www.fhfa.gov/DataTools/Downloads/Pages/Conforming-Loan-Limits.aspx, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. 

Date of Coverage: 2022 Data Dictionary:DD_FHFA Conforming Loan Limits

Wells Fargo Bank and PNC Real Estate / Midland Loan Services were the two largest commercial real estate mortgage loan servicing firms in the U.S. in 2023. Each of the two companies serviced close to 700 billion U.S. dollars of loans secured by commercial or multifamily properties in that year. Often, after a loan is originated, it is sold from the original lender to an investor or an entity such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. In such cases, mortgage servicing companies take the responsibility to manage and administer the loans on behalf of the investors and borrowers.

FHFA House Price IndexThe FHFA House Price Index (FHFA HPI®) is a comprehensive​ collection of publicly available house price indexes that measure changes in single-family home values based on data that extend back to the mid-1970s from all 50 states and over 400 American cities. The FHFA HPI incorporates tens of millions of home sales and offers insights about house price fluctuations at the national, census division, state, metro area, county, ZIP code, and census tract levels. FHFA uses a fully transparent methodology based upon a weighted, repeat-sales statistical technique to analyze house price transaction data.What does the FHFA HPI represent?The FHFA HPI is a broad measure of the movement of single-family house prices. The FHFA HPI is a weighted, repeat-sales index, meaning that it measures average price changes in repeat sales or refinancings on the same properties. This information is obtained by reviewing repeat mortgage transactions on single-family properties whose mortgages have been purchased or securitized by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac since January 1975.The FHFA HPI serves as a timely, accurate indicator of house price trends at various geographic levels. Because of the breadth of the sample, it provides more information than is available in other house price indexes. It also provides housing economists with an improved analytical tool that is useful for estimating changes in the rates of mortgage defaults, prepayments and housing affordability in specific geographic areas.

Graph and download economic data for Government-Sponsored Enterprises; Total Mortgages Held by Fannie Mae (Includes All GSEs Before 2000:Q4); Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FA403065015Q) from Q4 1946 to Q4 2024 about fannie mae, GSE, transactions, mortgage, assets, and USA.

The leading multifamily lender financed through Fannie Mae was Walker & Dunlop in 2023. Walker & Dunlop had a lending volume of 6.6 billion U.S. dollars, followed by Berkadia and Greystone.

Graph and download economic data for Agency-and GSE-Backed Mortgage Pools; Total Mortgages Held in a Fannie Mae Pool; Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FA413065045Q) from Q4 1946 to Q4 2024 about GSE-Backed, fannie mae, transactions, mortgage, assets, and USA.

In 2023, the biggest issuer of social bonds in the United States was Fannie Mae. A state-sponsored company and the country's largest mortgage bank, Fanny Mae, issued social bonds worth 11.6 billion U.S. dollars in 2023. On the other hand, issuance by the Illinois Housing Development Authority and the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency was considerably lower, at 2.5 billion U.S. dollars when both combined.

Graph and download economic data for Government-Sponsored Enterprises; Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities and Other Asset-Backed Agency- and GSE-Backed Securities Held by Fannie Mae (Includes All GSE Agency- and GSE-Backed Securities Before 2000:Q4); Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FA403061913A) from 1946 to 2024 about fannie mae, asset-backed, GSE, mortgage-backed, agency, transactions, securities, assets, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States (MORTGAGE15US) from 1991-08-30 to 2025-03-20 about 15-year, fixed, mortgage, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Government-Sponsored Enterprises; Debt Securities and Loans Held by Fannie Mae (Includes All GSEs Before 2000:Q4); Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FA404004015Q) from Q4 1946 to Q3 2024 about fannie mae, GSE, transactions, debt, securities, assets, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Delinquency Rate on Single-Family Residential Mortgages, Booked in Domestic Offices, All Commercial Banks (DRSFRMACBS) from Q1 1991 to Q4 2024 about domestic offices, delinquencies, 1-unit structures, mortgage, family, residential, commercial, domestic, banks, depository institutions, rate, and USA.