The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by June 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

View the total value of the assets of all Federal Reserve Banks as reported in the weekly balance sheet.

Central Bank Balance Sheet in the United States decreased to 6642578 USD Million in July 30 from 6657715 USD Million in the previous week. This dataset provides - United States Central Bank Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Graph and download economic data for Balance Sheet: Total Assets: Securities (QBPBSTASSC) from Q1 1984 to Q1 2025 about securities, assets, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Assets: Total Assets: Total Assets: Wednesday Level (RESPPANWW) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-07-30 about assets and USA.

This dataset provides values for CENTRAL BANK BALANCE SHEET reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Central Bank Balance Sheet in Japan decreased to 717494.20 JPY Billion in June from 733603.50 JPY Billion in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Japan Central Bank Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Central Bank Balance Sheet in Canada decreased to 245786 CAD Million in June from 253362 CAD Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Canada Central Bank Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Graph and download economic data for Central Bank Assets for Euro Area (11-19 Countries) (ECBASSETSW) from 1999-01-01 to 2025-07-25 about central bank, Euro Area, Europe, assets, banks, and depository institutions.

The financial crisis that began in the summer of 2007 took a turn for the worse in September 2008. Until then, Federal Reserve actions taken to improve the functioning financial markets did not affect the monetary base. The unusual lending and purchase of private debt was offset by the sale of United States Treasury securities so that the total size of the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve remained relatively unchanged. In September, however, the Federal Reserve stopped selling securities as it made massive purchases of private debt and issued hundreds of billions of dollars in short-term loans. The result was a doubling of the size of the monetary base in the final four months of 2008. This article discusses the details of the programs that the Federal Reserve has initiated since the crisis began, shows which programs have grown as the monetary base grew, and discusses some factors that will determine whether this rapid increase in the monetary base will lead to rapid inflation.

Central Bank Balance Sheet in China increased to 457823.75 CNY Hundred Million in June from 450997.98 CNY Hundred Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides - China Central Bank Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Graph and download economic data for Assets: Securities Held Outright: Mortgage-Backed Securities: Wednesday Level (WSHOMCB) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-07-23 about outright, mortgage-backed, securities, assets, and USA.

This table represents the breakdown of total public debt outstanding as it relates to the statutory debt limit. All figures are rounded to the nearest million.

Graph and download economic data for Assets: Securities Held Outright: U.S. Treasury Securities: All: Wednesday Level (TREAST) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-07-23 about maturity, securities, Treasury, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Bank of England Balance Sheet - Total Assets in the United Kingdom (BOEBSTAUKA) from 1701 to 2016 about balance sheet, academic data, United Kingdom, and assets.

This table represents the Treasury General Account balance. Additional detail on changes to the Treasury General Account can be found in the Deposits and Withdrawals of Operating Cash table. All figures are rounded to the nearest million.

This table represents the amount Treasury has in short-term cash investments. Deposits and withdrawals of short-term cash investments are also represented in the Deposits and Withdrawals of Operating Cash table. This program was suspended indefinitely in 2008. All figures are rounded to the nearest million. As of February 14, 2023, Table V Short Term Cash Investments will no longer be updated and removed from the published report. The historical data will remain available.

In December 2019, the assets held by the Federal Reserve in the United States were valued at 19.3 percent of the U.S. economy's gross domestic product. This compares to 39.6 percent for the European Central bank, and 103.5 percent for the Bank of Japan (as of November 2019).

This table represents cash basis adjustments to the issues and redemptions of Treasury securities in the Public Debt Transactions table. All figures are rounded to the nearest million.

This table represents the breakdown of tax refunds by recipient (individual vs business) and type (check vs electronic funds transfer). Tax refunds are also represented as withdrawals in the Deposits and Withdrawals of Operating Cash table. All figures are rounded to the nearest million. As of February 14, 2023, Table VI Income Tax Refunds Issued was renamed to Table V Income Tax Refunds Issued within the published report.