Graph and download economic data for St. Louis Fed Financial Stress Index (STLFSI4) from 1993-12-31 to 2025-08-01 about FSI and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Liabilities: Notes in Circulation: Federal Reserve Bank Notes in Actual Circulation (LNCFRBNC) from 1916-03-10 to 1935-03-20 about actual, notes, liabilities, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

Data set for research work on:
Sustainability of the regional financial system: a case study of the Northwestern Federal District. Eng.

Lending to Financial Institutions is a part of the Credit Easing indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

The Board’s Regulation XX - Concentration Limit (12 CFR Part 251) implements section 14 of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (BHC Act), which establishes a financial sector concentration limit that generally prohibits a financial company from merging or consolidating with, or otherwise acquiring, another company if the resulting company’s liabilities upon consummation would exceed 10 percent of the aggregate liabilities of all financial companies (a covered acquisition). Under section 14 of the BHC Act and Regulation XX, a financial company means (1) an insured depository institution, (2) a bank holding company, (3) a savings and loan holding company, (4) any other company that controls an insured depository institution, (5) a nonbank financial company designated by the Financial Stability Oversight Council (Council) for supervision by the Board, or (6) a foreign bank or company that is treated as a bank holding company for purposes of the BHC Act. Regulation XX includes certain reporting requirements that apply to financial companies, and the FR XX-1 report collects information from certain financial companies that do not otherwise report consolidated financial information to the Board or another Federal banking agency.

Graph and download economic data for Liabilities: Deposits: Deposits with Federal Reserve Banks, other than Reserve Balances (LDDFRB) from 2008-09-24 to 2011-07-27 about balance, reserves, liabilities, deposits, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

These interactive charts allow you to view the assets on the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet and to see how their composition has changed following the financial crisis in 2008. Released weekly.

Graph and download economic data for Liabilities: Deposits: Member Bank Reserve Account (LDMB) from 1914-11-20 to 2002-12-11 about accounts, reserves, liabilities, deposits, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

On August 23, 2013, the Federal Reserve published a final rule in the Federal Register (78 FR 52391). This final rule implements section 318 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which directs the Federal Reserve to collect assessments, fees, or other charges equal to the total expenses the Federal Reserve estimates are necessary or appropriate to carry out the supervisory and regulatory responsibilities of the Federal Reserve for bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more and nonbank financial companies designated for Federal Reserve supervision by the Financial Stability Oversight Council. Each assessed company would have thirty calendar days from June 30 or, for the 2012 assessment period, thirty calendar days from the Board’s issuance of a notice of assessment for that assessment period, to submit a written statement to appeal the Board’s determination (1) that the company is an assessed company or (2) of the company’s total assessable assets. These reporting requirements are found in section 246.5(b) of the final rule.

The Uniform Bank Performance Report (UBPR) serves as an analysis of the impact that management and economic conditions can have on a bank's balance sheet. It examines liquidity, adequacy of capital and earnings and other factors that could damage the stability of the bank. The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) is a formal U.S. government interagency body that includes five banking regulators—the Federal Reserve Board of Governors (FRB), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). It is "empowered to prescribe uniform principles, standards, and report forms to promote uniformity in the supervision of financial institutions".[1] It also oversees real estate appraisal in the United States.[2] Its regulations are contained in title 12 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

Graph and download economic data for Liabilities: Other Liabilities: Due to Other Federal Reserve Banks, Collection Items, Deferred Availability Items (LOLDOFRB) from 1917-01-05 to 2018-04-11 about deferred, fees, collection, liabilities, all items, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Resources and Assets: Gold and Gold Certificates: Gold Held Exclusively Against Federal Reserve Notes (RAGGCHEFRN) from 1927-01-05 to 1934-01-24 about notes, gold, assets, and USA.

The imposition of federal conservatorships on September 6, 2008, at the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation—commonly known as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac—was one of the most dramatic events of the financial crisis. These two government-sponsored enterprises play a central role in the US housing finance system, and at the start of their conservatorships held or guaranteed about $5.2 trillion of home mortgage debt. The two firms were often cited as shining examples of public-private partnerships—that is, the harnessing of private capital to advance the social goal of expanding homeownership. But in reality, the hybrid structures of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were destined to fail at some point, owing to their singular exposure to residential real estate and moral hazard incentives emanating from the implicit guarantee of their liabilities. We describe the financial distress experienced by the two firms, the events that led the federal government to take dramatic action in an effort to stabilize housing and financial markets, and the various resolution options available to US policymakers at the time; and we evaluate the success of the choice of conservatorship in terms of its effects on financial markets and financial stability, on mortgage supply, and on the financial position of the two firms themselves. Conservatorship achieved its key short-run goals of stabilizing mortgage markets and promoting financial stability during a period of extreme stress. However, conservatorship was intended to be a temporary fix, not a long-term solution, and more than six years later, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac still remain in conservatorship.

Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at **** percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at **** percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to *** percent, the ECB refi rate to **** percent, the Bank of England bank rate to **** percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to **** percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

Graph and download economic data for Resources and Assets: Federal Agency Obligations: Total Federal Agency Obligations (RAFAOTFAO) from 1966-12-07 to 2018-04-11 about obligations, agency, federal, assets, and USA.

Personal savings in the United States reached a value of 975 billion U.S. dollars in 2024, marking a slight increase compared to 2023. Personal savings peaked in 2020 at nearly 2.7 trillion U.S. dollars. Those figures remained very high until 2021. The excess savings during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. and other countries were the main reason for that increase, as the measures implemented to contain the spread of the virus had an impact on consumer spending. Saving before and after the 2008 financial crisis During the periods of growth and certain economic stability in the pre-2008 crisis period, there were falling savings rates. People were confident the good times would stay and felt comfortable borrowing money. Credit was easily accessible and widely available, which encouraged people to spend money. However, in times of austerity, people generally tend to their private savings due to a higher economic uncertainty. That was also the case in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. Savings and inflation The economic climate of high inflation and rising Federal Reserve interest rates in the U.S. made it increasingly difficult to save money in 2022. Not only does inflation affect the ability of people to save, but reversely, consumer behavior also affects inflation. On the one hand, prices can increase when the production costs are higher. That can be the case, for example, when the price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil or other raw materials increases. On the other hand, when people have a lot of savings and the economy is strong, high levels of consumer demand can also increase the final price of products.

ABSTRACT The conventional view on the U.S. economy is that economic growth above “potential” is bad for bonds since it spells inflation. The purpose of this note is to show that following the Volker deflation (l980-82), the policy regime changed, and greater economic stability obtained.

The Central Banking Systems market plays a pivotal role in the global economy by providing a framework for managing monetary policy, regulating financial institutions, and ensuring economic stability. Central banks, such as the Federal Reserve in the United States or the European Central Bank in the Eurozone, use so

International journal of central banking - ResearchHelpDesk - International journal of central banking - In July 2004, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the European Central Bank, and each of the Group of Ten* (G-10) central banks announced their plans to support the development of a new publication focused on central bank theory and practice. Other central banks were invited to participate in this joint project, and there are now 55 sponsoring institutions. From its initiation, the sponsors were committed to ensuring that the International Journal of Central Banking (IJCB) offer peer-reviewed articles of high analytical quality for a professional audience. The primary objectives of the IJCB are to widely disseminate the best policy-relevant and applied research on central banking and to promote communication among researchers both inside and outside of central banks. Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., then Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, first proposed the idea of such a journal and discussed the concept with several BIS colleagues and with Ben S. Bernanke, then Chair of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, who agreed to serve as the initial managing editor. Charles Bean, then Chief Economist of the Bank of England, strongly supported the project, and the journal's governing body, comprising representatives from the sponsoring institutions, was established. The journal's managing editor, co-editors and associate editors coordinate solicitation and review of articles across a range of disciplines reflecting the missions of central banks around the world. While featuring policy-relevant articles on any aspect of the theory and practice of central banking, the publication has a special emphasis on research bearing on monetary and financial stability. Managing editors of the journal and their affiliations during their terms as managing editor: Ben S. Bernanke 2000 - 2005, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System John B. Taylor 2005 - 2007, Stanford University Frank Smets 2008 - 2010, European Central Bank John C. Williams 2011 - 2016, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Loretta J. Mester 2016 - 2019, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Luc Laeven 2020 - present, European Central Bank

Graph and download economic data for Resources and Assets: Gold and Gold Certificates: Gold Certificate Account (RAGGCGCA) from 1934-01-31 to 2018-04-11 about certificate account, gold, assets, and USA.