Graph and download economic data for Gross Domestic Product: All Industries in Independence County, AR (GDPALL05063) from 2001 to 2023 about Independence County, AR; AR; industry; GDP; and USA.

I estimate various backward-looking and forward-looking Taylor rules augmented with variables that indicate proximity to an election and whether the Fed Chair and the majority of a chamber of Congress share the same political party affiliation to investigate whether Congress has influenced Federal Reserve policy from 1961 to 2020. I find that the Fed is susceptible to pressures from the Senate. In line with previous work, left-leaning politicians exhibit a higher tolerance for inflation. This results in the federal funds rate being lower by about 2.35 points when the Democratic party has a Senate majority. Second, while I find some evidence that the House and the Fed Chair sharing partisan affiliation results in tighter policy, this result is not robust to alternative measures of inflation. Finally, I find persuasive evidence that Congressional pressures on the Fed do not create a political monetary cycle around elections.

Graph and download economic data for Equifax Subprime Credit Population for Independence County, AR (EQFXSUBPRIME005063) from Q2 2014 to Q1 2025 about Independence County, AR; subprime; AR; population; and USA.

Estimate of People of All Ages in Poverty in Independence County, AR was 5006.00000 Persons in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Estimate of People of All Ages in Poverty in Independence County, AR reached a record high of 7684.00000 in January of 2011 and a record low of 4627.00000 in January of 1989. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Estimate of People of All Ages in Poverty in Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

U.S. Granted Utility Patents Originating in Independence County, AR was 3.00000 Number in January of 2015, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, U.S. Granted Utility Patents Originating in Independence County, AR reached a record high of 3.00000 in January of 2014 and a record low of 0.00000 in January of 2000. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for U.S. Granted Utility Patents Originating in Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Estimated Percent of People of All Ages in Poverty for Independence County, AR was 13.50% in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Estimated Percent of People of All Ages in Poverty for Independence County, AR reached a record high of 21.40 in January of 2011 and a record low of 13.50 in January of 2023. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Estimated Percent of People of All Ages in Poverty for Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

Disconnected Youth (5-year estimate) for Independence County, AR was 8.66% in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Disconnected Youth (5-year estimate) for Independence County, AR reached a record high of 14.00 in January of 2012 and a record low of 2.51 in January of 2018. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Disconnected Youth (5-year estimate) for Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Poverty Universe, Age 5-17 related for Independence County, AR was 6722.00000 Persons in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Poverty Universe, Age 5-17 related for Independence County, AR reached a record high of 6722.00000 in January of 2023 and a record low of 5476.00000 in January of 2008. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Poverty Universe, Age 5-17 related for Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Poverty Universe, All Ages for Independence County, AR was 37002.00000 Persons in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Poverty Universe, All Ages for Independence County, AR reached a record high of 37002.00000 in January of 2023 and a record low of 33247.00000 in January of 1998. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Poverty Universe, All Ages for Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Estimated Percent of People Age 0-17 in Poverty for Independence County, AR was 18.10% in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Estimated Percent of People Age 0-17 in Poverty for Independence County, AR reached a record high of 29.10 in January of 2009 and a record low of 17.90 in January of 1989. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Estimated Percent of People Age 0-17 in Poverty for Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Per Capita Personal Income in Independence County, AR (PCPI05063) from 1969 to 2023 about Independence County, AR; AR; personal income; per capita; personal; income; and USA.

Personal Income in Independence County, AR was 1813240.00000 Thous. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Personal Income in Independence County, AR reached a record high of 1813240.00000 in January of 2023 and a record low of 56513.00000 in January of 1969. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Personal Income in Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Per Capita Personal Income in Independence County, AR was 47318.00000 $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Per Capita Personal Income in Independence County, AR reached a record high of 47318.00000 in January of 2023 and a record low of 2512.00000 in January of 1969. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Per Capita Personal Income in Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

All-Transactions House Price Index for Independence County, AR was 213.06000 Index 2000=100 in January of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, All-Transactions House Price Index for Independence County, AR reached a record high of 213.06000 in January of 2024 and a record low of 66.80000 in January of 1987. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for All-Transactions House Price Index for Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

During the financial crisis of 2007-10, the Federal Reserve (Fed) served as a global lender of last resort by establishing currency swap agreements with 14 foreign central banks, including several in East Asia. These agreements were controversial internationally because the Fed selectively established swaps with some central banks and not others, raising concerns about access to the Fed’s dollar-creating facilities. Within the U.S. Congress, the swaps were controversial because they appeared to be a new and unauthorized form of foreign aid. I analyze both the Fed’s decision to establish swap lines with certain central banks and the congressional response to these arrangements. I find that the Fed was more likely to establish swaps with central banks whose jurisdictions were important to U.S. commercial banks, suggesting that the Fed discriminated in ways that served U.S. interests. To analyze the congressional reaction to the foreign currency swaps, I examine voting in the House of Representatives on a legislative proposal known as “Audit the Fed” that would end the Fed's confidentiality about the foreign central banks it supports and reduce its political independence more broadly. I find that campaign contributions from commercial banks to representatives are negatively correlated with voting “yes” on this proposal. I also find that right-wing representatives are much more likely to support this proposal than left-wing representatives, which suggests that new congressional coalitions are forming on the role of the Fed in the (global) economy.

Number of Private for All Industries in Independence County, AR was 882.00000 Establishments in October of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Number of Private for All Industries in Independence County, AR reached a record high of 887.00000 in April of 2008 and a record low of 677.00000 in April of 1990. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Number of Private for All Industries in Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Estimate of Median Household Income for Independence County, AR was 59695.00000 $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Estimate of Median Household Income for Independence County, AR reached a record high of 59695.00000 in January of 2023 and a record low of 20862.00000 in January of 1989. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Estimate of Median Household Income for Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Net County-to-County Migration Flow (5-year estimate) for Independence County, AR (DISCONTINUED) (NETMIGNACS005063) from 2009 to 2020 about Independence County, AR; migration; flow; AR; Net; 5-year; and population.

Estimate of Related Children Age 5-17 in Families in Poverty for Independence County, AR was 1178.00000 Persons in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Estimate of Related Children Age 5-17 in Families in Poverty for Independence County, AR reached a record high of 1595.00000 in January of 2012 and a record low of 972.00000 in January of 1989. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Estimate of Related Children Age 5-17 in Families in Poverty for Independence County, AR - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Independence County, AR (ATNHPIUS05063A) from 1986 to 2024 about Independence County, AR; AR; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.