72 datasets found
  1. Simple Monetary Policy Rules

    • clevelandfed.org
    csv
    Updated Jun 5, 2025
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    Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (2025). Simple Monetary Policy Rules [Dataset]. https://www.clevelandfed.org/indicators-and-data/simple-monetary-policy-rules
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    csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 5, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Federal Reserve Bank of Clevelandhttps://www.clevelandfed.org/
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    We present federal funds rates coming from a range of simple monetary policy rules based on multiple economic forecasts. Use our tool to create your own rule. Released quarterly.

  2. Monthly inflation rate and Federal Reserve interest rate in the U.S....

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jun 23, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Monthly inflation rate and Federal Reserve interest rate in the U.S. 2018-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1312060/us-inflation-rate-federal-reserve-interest-rate-monthly/
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 23, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jan 2018 - Mar 2024
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The inflation rate in the United States declined significantly between June 2022 and May 2025, despite rising inflationary pressures towards the end of 2024. The peak inflation rate was recorded in June 2022, at *** percent. In August 2023, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hit its highest level during the observed period, at **** percent, and remained unchanged until September 2024, when the Federal Reserve implemented its first rate cut since September 2021. By January 2025, the rate dropped to **** percent, signalling a shift in monetary policy. What is the Federal Reserve interest rate? The Federal Reserve interest rate, or the federal funds rate, is the rate at which banks and credit unions lend to and borrow from each other. It is one of the Federal Reserve's key tools for maintaining strong employment rates, stable prices, and reasonable interest rates. The rate is determined by the Federal Reserve and adjusted eight times a year, though it can be changed through emergency meetings during times of crisis. The Fed doesn't directly control the interest rate but sets a target rate. It then uses open market operations to influence rates toward this target. Ways of measuring inflation Inflation is typically measured using several methods, with the most common being the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI tracks the price of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, providing a measure of the price changes consumers face. At the end of 2023, the CPI in the United States was ****** percent, up from ****** a year earlier. A more business-focused measure is the producer price index (PPI), which represents the costs of firms.

  3. o

    Replication data for: Rewriting Monetary Policy 101: What's the Fed's...

    • openicpsr.org
    Updated Nov 1, 2015
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    Jane E. Ihrig; Ellen E. Meade; Gretchen C. Weinbach (2015). Replication data for: Rewriting Monetary Policy 101: What's the Fed's Preferred Post-Crisis Approach to Raising Interest Rates? [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/E113959V1
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 1, 2015
    Dataset provided by
    American Economic Association
    Authors
    Jane E. Ihrig; Ellen E. Meade; Gretchen C. Weinbach
    Description

    For many years prior to the global financial crisis, the Federal Open Market Committee set a target for the federal funds rate and achieved that target through small purchases and sales of securities in the open market. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, with a superabundant level of reserve balances in the banking system having been created as a result of the Federal Reserve's large-scale asset purchase programs, this approach to implementing monetary policy will no longer work. This paper provides a primer on the Fed's implementation of monetary policy. We use the standard textbook model to illustrate why the approach used by the Federal Reserve before the financial crisis to keep the federal funds rate near the Federal Open Market Committee's target will not work in current circumstances, and explain the approach that the Committee intends to use instead when it decides to begin raising short-term interest rates.

  4. F

    Economic Policy Uncertainty Index: Categorical Index: Monetary policy

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jun 2, 2025
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    (2025). Economic Policy Uncertainty Index: Categorical Index: Monetary policy [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/EPUMONETARY
    Explore at:
    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 2, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Economic Policy Uncertainty Index: Categorical Index: Monetary policy (EPUMONETARY) from Jan 1985 to Apr 2025 about uncertainty, World, and indexes.

  5. g

    Conducting Monetary Policy Without Government Debt: The Fed's Early Years -...

    • search.gesis.org
    Updated Apr 28, 2021
    + more versions
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    Wheelock, David C. (2021). Conducting Monetary Policy Without Government Debt: The Fed's Early Years - Version 1 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01259.v1
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 28, 2021
    Dataset provided by
    ICPSR - Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research
    GESIS search
    Authors
    Wheelock, David C.
    License

    https://search.gesis.org/research_data/datasearch-httpwww-da-ra-deoaip--oaioai-da-ra-de433897https://search.gesis.org/research_data/datasearch-httpwww-da-ra-deoaip--oaioai-da-ra-de433897

    Description

    Abstract (en): The Federal Reserve implements its monetary policy by using open market operations in United States government securities to target the federal funds rate. A substantial decline in the stock of United States Treasury debt could interfere with the conduct of monetary policy, possibly forcing the Fed to rely more heavily on discount window lending or to conduct open market transactions in other types of securities. Either choice would cause the implementation of monetary policy to resemble the methods used by the Fed before World War II. This paper describes two things: (1) how the Fed implemented monetary policy before the war and (2) the conflicts that arose within the Fed over the allocation of private-sector credit when discount window loans and Fed purchases of private securities were a substantial component of Federal Reserve credit. Those conflicts help explain the Fed's failure to respond vigorously to the Great Depression. The experience suggests that a renewed reliance on the discount window or on open market operations in securities other than those issued by the United States Treasury could hamper the conduct of monetary policy if it leads to increased pressure on the Fed to affect the allocation of credit. The file submitted is 0205dwd.txt. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator if further information is desired.

  6. Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Jul 2, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1121448/fed-balance-sheet-timeline/
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 2, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Aug 1, 2007 - Jun 25, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by June 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

  7. T

    United States Fed Funds Interest Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • ko.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jul 14, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States Fed Funds Interest Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/interest-rate
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    xml, excel, json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 14, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Aug 4, 1971 - Jun 18, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  8. Volcker Shock: federal funds, unemployment and inflation rates 1979-1987

    • statista.com
    Updated Sep 2, 2024
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    Statista (2024). Volcker Shock: federal funds, unemployment and inflation rates 1979-1987 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1338105/volcker-shock-interest-rates-unemployment-inflation/
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 2, 2024
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    1979 - 1987
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The Volcker Shock was a period of historically high interest rates precipitated by Federal Reserve Chairperson Paul Volcker's decision to raise the central bank's key interest rate, the Fed funds effective rate, during the first three years of his term. Volcker was appointed chairperson of the Fed in August 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, as replacement for William Miller, who Carter had made his treasury secretary. Volcker was one of the most hawkish (supportive of tighter monetary policy to stem inflation) members of the Federal Reserve's committee, and quickly set about changing the course of monetary policy in the U.S. in order to quell inflation. The Volcker Shock is remembered for bringing an end to over a decade of high inflation in the United States, prompting a deep recession and high unemployment, and for spurring on debt defaults among developing countries in Latin America who had borrowed in U.S. dollars.

    Monetary tightening and the recessions of the early '80s

    Beginning in October 1979, Volcker's Fed tightened monetary policy by raising interest rates. This decision had the effect of depressing demand and slowing down the U.S. economy, as credit became more expensive for households and businesses. The Fed funds rate, the key overnight rate at which banks lend their excess reserves to each other, rose as high as 17.6 percent in early 1980. The rate was allowed to fall back below 10 percent following this first peak, however, due to worries that inflation was not falling fast enough, a second cycle of monetary tightening was embarked upon starting in August of 1980. The rate would reach its all-time peak in June of 1981, at 19.1 percent. The second recession sparked by these hikes was far deeper than the 1980 recession, with unemployment peaking at 10.8 percent in December 1980, the highest level since The Great Depression. This recession would drive inflation to a low point during Volcker's terms of 2.5 percent in August 1983.

    The legacy of the Volcker Shock

    By the end of Volcker's terms as Fed Chair, inflation was at a manageable rate of around four percent, while unemployment had fallen under six percent, as the economy grew and business confidence returned. While supporters of Volcker's actions point to these numbers as proof of the efficacy of his actions, critics have claimed that there were less harmful ways that inflation could have been brought under control. The recessions of the early 1980s are cited as accelerating deindustrialization in the U.S., as manufacturing jobs lost in 'rust belt' states such as Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania never returned during the years of recovery. The Volcker Shock was also a driving factor behind the Latin American debt crises of the 1980s, as governments in the region defaulted on debts which they had incurred in U.S. dollars. Debates about the validity of using interest rate hikes to get inflation under control have recently re-emerged due to the inflationary pressures facing the U.S. following the Coronavirus pandemic and the Federal Reserve's subsequent decision to embark on a course of monetary tightening.

  9. Monthly Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1954-2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Jun 23, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Monthly Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1954-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/187616/effective-rate-of-us-federal-funds-monthly/
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 23, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jul 1954 - Jun 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. In January 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented another cut, setting the rate at 4.33 percent, which remained unchanged throughout the following months. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

  10. Replication dataset and calculations for PIIE PB 19-16, Average Inflation...

    • piie.com
    Updated Nov 4, 2019
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    David Reifschneider; David Wilcox (2019). Replication dataset and calculations for PIIE PB 19-16, Average Inflation Targeting Would Be a Weak Tool for the Fed to Deal with Recession and Chronic Low Inflation, by David Reifschneider and David Wilcox. (2019). [Dataset]. https://www.piie.com/publications/policy-briefs/average-inflation-targeting-would-be-weak-tool-fed-deal-recession-and
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Nov 4, 2019
    Dataset provided by
    Peterson Institute for International Economicshttp://www.piie.com/
    Authors
    David Reifschneider; David Wilcox
    Description

    This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in Average Inflation Targeting Would Be a Weak Tool for the Fed to Deal with Recession and Chronic Low Inflation, PIIE Policy Brief 19-16. If you use the data, please cite as: Reifschneider, David, and David Wilcox. (2019). Average Inflation Targeting Would Be a Weak Tool for the Fed to Deal with Recession and Chronic Low Inflation. PIIE Policy Brief 19-16. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

  11. F

    CSBS Community Bank Sentiment, Monetary Policy Index

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jul 8, 2025
    + more versions
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    (2025). CSBS Community Bank Sentiment, Monetary Policy Index [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CBSIMP
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    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 8, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-requiredhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-required

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for CSBS Community Bank Sentiment, Monetary Policy Index (CBSIMP) from Q2 2019 to Q2 2025 about community, business sentiment, banks, depository institutions, indexes, and USA.

  12. o

    Data and Code for: Monetary Policy with Opinionated Markets

    • openicpsr.org
    delimited
    Updated Jan 12, 2022
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    Ricardo Caballero; Alp Simsek (2022). Data and Code for: Monetary Policy with Opinionated Markets [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/E159301V1
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    delimitedAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jan 12, 2022
    Dataset provided by
    American Economic Association
    Authors
    Ricardo Caballero; Alp Simsek
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    We build a model in which the Fed and the market disagree about future aggregate demand. The market anticipates monetary policy "mistakes," which affect current demand and induce the Fed to partially accommodate the market's view. The Fed expects to implement its view gradually. Announcements that reveal an unexpected change in the Fed's belief provide a microfoundation for monetary policy shocks. Tantrum shocks arise when the market misinterprets the Fed's belief and overreacts to its announcement. Uncertainty about tantrums motivates further gradualism and communication. Finally, disagreements affect the market's expected inflation and induce a policy trade-off similar to "cost-push" shocks.

  13. o

    Federal Reserve Policy Transcripts Dataset

    • opendatabay.com
    .undefined
    Updated Jul 4, 2025
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    Datasimple (2025). Federal Reserve Policy Transcripts Dataset [Dataset]. https://www.opendatabay.com/data/ai-ml/869367f6-47a6-4d59-a97b-0d03a2962e93
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    .undefinedAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 4, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Datasimple
    License

    CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedicationhttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Finance & Banking Analytics
    Description

    This dataset contains text from Federal Reserve FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee) meeting minutes and statements. It was collected by scraping the Federal Reserve's official website. The dataset provides insights into the central bank's monetary policy decisions and discussions, spanning a specific period of time.

    Columns

    • Date: The date of the FOMC meeting or statement release, provided in the YYYYMMDD format.
    • Type: An indicator for the document type. A value of '0' signifies a statement, while '1' indicates meeting minutes.
    • Text: The actual text content of each paragraph from the meeting minutes or statements.

    Distribution

    The dataset is typically provided in CSV file format. While specific total row or record counts are not detailed, the data contains a substantial volume of text from numerous documents across various dates.

    Usage

    This dataset is ideal for various analytical and research purposes, including: * Analysing the sentiment and tone of FOMC meeting minutes and statements over time. * Identifying key phrases and words that signify shifts in monetary policy. * Developing natural language processing (NLP) models to forecast future policy decisions based on historical data. * Investigating the relationship between FOMC meeting minutes/statements and financial market reactions.

    Coverage

    The dataset primarily covers the activities and discussions of the Federal Reserve's Federal Open Market Committee, making its scope relevant to US economic and financial policy. The data spans a specific, extended period of time, though precise start and end dates are not explicitly detailed in the general description. The listing indicates a global region for the dataset's availability.

    License

    CCO

    Who Can Use It

    This dataset is particularly valuable for: * Economists and financial analysts studying central bank policy and its impact. * Data scientists and NLP practitioners looking to build models based on financial text data. * Academic researchers investigating monetary policy, economic trends, and financial markets. * Journalists reporting on central banking and economic policy.

    Dataset Name Suggestions

    • Federal Reserve FOMC Documents
    • US Monetary Policy Texts
    • FOMC Meeting & Statement Archive
    • Federal Reserve Policy Transcripts
    • Central Bank Monetary Data

    Attributes

    Original Data Source: Federal Reserve FOMC Minutes & Statements Dataset

  14. Replication dataset and background notes for PIIE PB 21-19, Reifschneider,...

    • piie.com
    Updated Aug 16, 2021
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    David Reifschneider; David Wilcox (2021). Replication dataset and background notes for PIIE PB 21-19, Reifschneider, David, and David Wilcox, Another reason to raise the Fed’s inflation target: An employment and output boom, PIIE Policy Brief, August 2021. [Dataset]. https://www.piie.com/publications/policy-briefs/another-reason-raise-feds-inflation-target-employment-and-output-boom
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Aug 16, 2021
    Dataset provided by
    Peterson Institute for International Economicshttp://www.piie.com/
    Authors
    David Reifschneider; David Wilcox
    Description

    This data package includes the underlying data, programs, documentation, and background notes for Another reason to raise the Fed’s inflation target: An employment and output boom, PIIE Policy Brief 21-19.

    If you use the data, please cite as: Reifschneider, David, and David Wilcox, Another reason to raise the Fed’s inflation target: An employment and output boom, PIIE Policy Brief 21-19, August 2021, Peterson Institute for International Economics.

  15. Inflation rate and central bank interest rate 2025, by selected countries

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jul 2, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Inflation rate and central bank interest rate 2025, by selected countries [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1317878/inflation-rate-interest-rate-by-country/
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 2, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    May 2025
    Area covered
    Worldwide
    Description

    In May 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 20 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.1 percent in May 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 9.9 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

  16. F

    Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Monetary Policy

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jun 3, 2025
    + more versions
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    (2025). Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Monetary Policy [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/EMVMONETARYPOL
    Explore at:
    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 3, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Monetary Policy (EMVMONETARYPOL) from Jan 1985 to May 2025 about volatility, uncertainty, equity, and USA.

  17. Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2024

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jan 3, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/247941/federal-funds-rate-level-in-the-united-states/
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    Dataset updated
    Jan 3, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The U.S. federal funds rate peaked in 2023 at its highest level since the 2007-08 financial crisis, reaching 5.33 percent by December 2023. A significant shift in monetary policy occurred in the second half of 2024, with the Federal Reserve implementing regular rate cuts. By December 2024, the rate had declined to 4.48 percent. What is a central bank rate? The federal funds rate determines the cost of overnight borrowing between banks, allowing them to maintain necessary cash reserves and ensure financial system liquidity. When this rate rises, banks become more inclined to hold rather than lend money, reducing the money supply. While this decreased lending slows economic activity, it helps control inflation by limiting the circulation of money in the economy. Historic perspective The federal funds rate historically follows cyclical patterns, falling during recessions and gradually rising during economic recoveries. Some central banks, notably the European Central Bank, went beyond traditional monetary policy by implementing both aggressive asset purchases and negative interest rates.

  18. Data from: The Fed's Monetary Policy Rule

    • icpsr.umich.edu
    Updated Jan 31, 2006
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    Poole, William (2006). The Fed's Monetary Policy Rule [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01326.v1
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    Dataset updated
    Jan 31, 2006
    Dataset provided by
    Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Researchhttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/pages/
    Authors
    Poole, William
    License

    https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/1326/termshttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/1326/terms

    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    This article was originally presented as a speech at the Cato Institute, Washington, DC, October 14, 2005

  19. o

    FOMC Historical Document Collection

    • opendatabay.com
    .undefined
    Updated Jul 5, 2025
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    Datasimple (2025). FOMC Historical Document Collection [Dataset]. https://www.opendatabay.com/data/ai-ml/c763df9f-8b70-4928-9e16-61598c5f0ee8
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    .undefinedAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 5, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Datasimple
    License

    CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedicationhttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Finance & Banking Analytics
    Description

    This dataset contains the textual data of Federal Reserve Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting statements and minutes. Its purpose is to provide a historical archive of communications from the US central bank, offering valuable context and insights into monetary policy decisions and economic outlooks over time. The dataset is regularly updated, ensuring access to the latest official communications.

    Columns

    • Date: This column specifies the date of the actual FOMC meeting.
    • Release Date: This indicates when the statement or minutes were officially released to the public. It is important to note that minutes are typically released with approximately a three-week lag from the meeting date.
    • Type: This column categorises the communication, distinguishing between a formal 'statement' and the more detailed 'minutes' of the meeting.
    • Text: This contains the full textual content of each communication release, whether it is a statement or minutes.

    Distribution

    The dataset is typically provided in a CSV (Comma Separated Values) format. It includes communications from 2 February 2000 to 18 June 2025. The file is updated on a weekly basis with new data sourced directly from the Federal Reserve website. Based on available information, there are approximately 420 records within the specified date range. The dataset comprises roughly 52% minutes and 48% statements.

    Usage

    This dataset is ideal for various applications and use cases, particularly within finance, banking, and economics. It can be used for: * Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as sentiment analysis or topic modelling on central bank communications. * Economic research to analyse policy shifts, communication strategies, and their impact on financial markets. * Financial modelling and forecasting, by integrating insights from official monetary policy communications. * Academic studies on central banking, macroeconomic policy, and financial history.

    Coverage

    The dataset covers the period from 2 February 2000 to 18 June 2025, providing an extensive historical record of FOMC communications. While the content focuses on US monetary policy, which is inherently US-centric, the dataset's availability is global, making it accessible to users worldwide. There are no specific notes on data availability for certain demographic groups or years, as the data represents official public releases.

    License

    CC0

    Who Can Use It

    This dataset is designed for a wide range of users, including: * Financial analysts and economists seeking to understand and forecast monetary policy decisions. * Data scientists and machine learning engineers developing NLP models for financial text. * Academic researchers in economics, finance, and political science studying central bank behaviour and communication. * Government policy advisors interested in historical policy decisions and their effects. * Journalists and media professionals reporting on economic and financial news.

    Dataset Name Suggestions

    • Federal Reserve FOMC Communications Archive
    • US Monetary Policy Statements and Minutes
    • Central Bank Economic Communications
    • FOMC Historical Document Collection

    Attributes

    Original Data Source: FOMC Meeting Statements & Minutes

  20. o

    Data and Code for "An Alternative Explanation for the 'Fed Information...

    • openicpsr.org
    delimited
    Updated Oct 12, 2022
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    Michael D. Bauer; Eric T. Swanson (2022). Data and Code for "An Alternative Explanation for the 'Fed Information Effect'" [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/E181661V2
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    delimitedAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Oct 12, 2022
    Dataset provided by
    American Economic Association
    Authors
    Michael D. Bauer; Eric T. Swanson
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 1990 - Jun 30, 2019
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    High-frequency changes in interest rates around FOMC announcements are a standard method of measuring monetary policy shocks. However, some recent studies have documented puzzling effects of these shocks on private-sector forecasts of GDP, unemployment, or inflation that are opposite in sign to what standard macroeconomic models would predict. This evidence has been viewed as supportive of a "Fed information effect" channel of monetary policy, whereby an FOMC tightening (easing) communicates that the economy is stronger (weaker) than the public had expected. We show that these empirical results are also consistent with a "Fed response to news" channel, in which incoming, publicly available economic news causes both the Fed to change monetary policy and the private sector to revise its forecasts. We provide substantial new evidence that distinguishes between these two channels and strongly favors the latter; for example, (i) regressions that include the previously omitted public economic news, (ii) a new survey that we conduct of Blue Chip forecasters, and (iii) high-frequency financial market responses to FOMC announcements all suggest that the Fed and private sector are simply responding to the same public news, with relatively little role for a "Fed information effect".

Share
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Click to copy link
Link copied
Close
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Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (2025). Simple Monetary Policy Rules [Dataset]. https://www.clevelandfed.org/indicators-and-data/simple-monetary-policy-rules
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Simple Monetary Policy Rules

Explore at:
7 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
csvAvailable download formats
Dataset updated
Jun 5, 2025
Dataset authored and provided by
Federal Reserve Bank of Clevelandhttps://www.clevelandfed.org/
License

Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically

Description

We present federal funds rates coming from a range of simple monetary policy rules based on multiple economic forecasts. Use our tool to create your own rule. Released quarterly.

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