Graph and download economic data for Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Elections And Political Governance (EMVELECTGOVRN) from Jan 1985 to Jun 2025 about political, volatility, uncertainty, equity, government, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All Member Banks, Classification of Deposits: Demand: States and Political Subdivisions (DESPS) from Oct 1928 to Dec 1941 about political, demand, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

This article was originally presented as a speech at the Cato Institute, Washington, DC, October 14, 2005

Abstract (en): The Federal Reserve implements its monetary policy by using open market operations in United States government securities to target the federal funds rate. A substantial decline in the stock of United States Treasury debt could interfere with the conduct of monetary policy, possibly forcing the Fed to rely more heavily on discount window lending or to conduct open market transactions in other types of securities. Either choice would cause the implementation of monetary policy to resemble the methods used by the Fed before World War II. This paper describes two things: (1) how the Fed implemented monetary policy before the war and (2) the conflicts that arose within the Fed over the allocation of private-sector credit when discount window loans and Fed purchases of private securities were a substantial component of Federal Reserve credit. Those conflicts help explain the Fed's failure to respond vigorously to the Great Depression. The experience suggests that a renewed reliance on the discount window or on open market operations in securities other than those issued by the United States Treasury could hamper the conduct of monetary policy if it leads to increased pressure on the Fed to affect the allocation of credit. The file submitted is 0205dwd.txt. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator if further information is desired.

Graph and download economic data for Reserve City Member Banks, Classification of Deposits: Demand: States and Political Subdivisions (DESPSRCM) from Oct 1928 to Dec 1941 about political, demand, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Central Reserve City Member Banks in Chicago, Classification of Deposits: Demand: States and Political Subdivisions (DESPSCH) from Oct 1928 to Dec 1941 about political, demand, Chicago, deposits, and USA.

All Employees: Other Services: Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations in New York was 32.30000 Thous. of Persons in March of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, All Employees: Other Services: Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations in New York reached a record high of 34.60000 in August of 2019 and a record low of 26.50000 in February of 2005. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for All Employees: Other Services: Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations in New York - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

The purpose of the data is to investigate whether and how financial markets have responded to the change in the Federal Open Market Commission (FOMC) disclosure policy, specifically, whether the policy of immediate disclosure has created an announcement effect and whether the policy of immediate disclosure has increased or reduced financial market uncertainty.

This repository contains replication materials for the article "Fed Up: The Determinants of Public Opposition to the U.S. Federal Reserve", published in 2024 in Political Research Quarterly.

Graph and download economic data for Country Member Banks, Classification of Deposits: Time: States and Political Subdivisions (TISPSCMB) from Oct 1928 to Dec 1941 about political, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

United States - Balance Sheet: Total Assets: Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions in the U.S. was 191925.87900 Mil. of U.S. $ in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Balance Sheet: Total Assets: Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions in the U.S. reached a record high of 209798.87400 in July of 2022 and a record low of 18233.11500 in April of 1998. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Balance Sheet: Total Assets: Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions in the U.S. - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

This spreadsheet contains data for Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK, and US for the period 1810 – 1995. The data reported are for specie, M0, M2, prices, and output. The results in Rolnick-Weber, Journal of Political Economy (1997) are based on the data in this spreadsheet. For a description of how the data are constructed, see Rolnick and Weber, Staff Report 175 (1995) : https://www.minneapolisfed.org/research/staff-reports/inflation-money-and-output-under-alternative-monetary-standards.

Context

The dataset was obtained in order to exercise prediction of some variables. In particular the number of votes to a specific federal deputy, during a Brazilian election.

Content

The data correspond to candidates for federal deputy elections from the period of 2006 to 2010. There's a variety of names, from various states and parties.

Acknowledgements

The data was provided by my teacher at UFCG.

abstract The Covid-19 crisis reinforced and consolidated a template for global monetary cooperation, aiming to keep the international financial markets functioning. At the core of the monetary system, the legal design for cooperation has changed substantially: from the central role of multilateral organizations responsible for organizing collective actions (such as the International Monetary Fund - IMF), to more flexible contractual arrangements, formalized by a network of Central Bank swaps. The management of the Covid-19 monetary impacts reveals a new Bretton Woods moment, organized in novel political and legal terms. This article argues that Law has an explanatory and constitutive role in this substantial development. The US dollar, as a global currency, is structured by a specific type of contract, the eurodollar. In times of crisis, this contract requires an international lender of last resort that provides unlimited financial support to the currency’s global uses. Only a financial institution organized as a central bank has the legal and economic capacity to perform this role - not a multilateral fund. The hierarchical network of Central Bank swaps, with the American Central Bank (the Federal Reserve - Fed) at the top, was the legal arrangement structured to support the functioning of the global financial market and its currency par excellence, the eurodollar.

All Employees: Other Services: Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations in California was 41.20000 Thous. of Persons in March of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, All Employees: Other Services: Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations in California reached a record high of 44.00000 in July of 2016 and a record low of 32.90000 in January of 1998. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for All Employees: Other Services: Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations in California - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

A primary purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was to prevent banking panics by establishing the Federal Reserve System to function as a lender of last resort. Other types of financial crisis require a similar response, however, and the Federal Reserve has repeatedly used its capacity to generate liquidity to insulate the economy from crises in financial markets. The Fed's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is the most recent example of this. This paper reviews the Fed's responses to crises and potential crises in financial markets: the stock market crash of 1987, the Russian default, and the September 11th attacks.

All Employees: Other Services: Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations in District of Columbia was 26.45928 Thous. of Persons in April of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, All Employees: Other Services: Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations in District of Columbia reached a record high of 28.04144 in January of 2001 and a record low of 25.30058 in January of 1990. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for All Employees: Other Services: Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations in District of Columbia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

Ideas of young people on politics, society, government, nation and democracy. Attitudes to nationalism and foreigners. Media usage.

Topics: preferred decade in which to grow up since the 50s; desire for life in a country other than Germany and country preferred for this; selection of an ideal weekend city from a list presented; characterization of negatives of German cities; classification of the ideal or desired way of life between globetrotter and manager; ideal leisure activity on a Friday evening; fear of the future (scale); desired life expectancy; feelings of hate; party preference of parents; description of the upbringing style of parents; most important reference person or upbringing authority; personal desire for children; reason for a possible rejection of desire for children; significance of work; monthly income sought at the age of 35 years; ideas of an ideal monthly income for a four-person family; primary source of income and monthly income available; forms of use or investment of a small inheritance; brand orientation with selected products; attitude to movie and television advertising; frequency of reading books; preferred book author; preference for reading books, magazines or comics; greatest Rock or Pop singer of all times; preferred film; attitude to German films; use of video per week; judgement on the extent of violence and sex broadcasts on television; perceived aversion or tension from scenes of violence; attitude to more German series on television, more German films in the movies and increased German music on the radio; daily watching television; watching news on television and frequency of reading daily newspapers; optimistic future prospects; expected future development of society and technology; judgement on the sensibility of demonstrations; attitude to stickers, buttons and posters with political content; attitude to the federal chancellor; trust in selected organizations; party preference; general attitude to membership in a political party and ideas about one´s own candidacy for a political office; attitude to a social year for all young people; attitude to personal participation in a mission of the Federal German Armed Forces in military actions, in peace actions of the UN and in missions in time of catastrophe; attitude to men in Uniform; personal election participation or reasons for non-participation in the election; interest in politics; general attitude to politics, politicians and the parties (scale); fed up with politics; attitude to state; best German post-war chancellor; national pride and achievements of which one can be proud as a German; knowledge of the date of the opening of the wall and significance of this day for the respondent; knowledge of the date of the national holiday for German unity; significance of democracy; attitude to defense of the social system of the country; personal political actions to defend democracy in Germany; comparison of the current political condition of the country with that of before unification of Germany; naming the perceived improvements or deteriorations of the condition; association with the words East Germans and West Germans; desired assimilation of the East Germans to West German customs; mutual learning about one another by the West Germans and East Germans; friends in the other part of Germany; associations with the term fatherland; national pride; nations whose citizens can be particularly proud of their country; characterization of Germany and typical German characteristics; naming of great German personalities; attitude to the federal flag and the term nation; attitude to singing the National Anthem in school each morning; attitude to preference for Germans over foreigners in house-hunting as well as in allocating admissions to university and trainee positions; assumed superiority of the Germans compared to other peoples and specification of the peoples to whom one feels superior; hostility to foreigners; term used for people of black skin color and for homosexuals; perception of applicants for political asylum as economic refugees, foreigners or politically persecuted; groups, about which one tells jokes; attitude to nationalist sayings; attitude to a stricter penal system as well as the death penalty; attitude to reduction in foreign aid; social distance from foreigners, with the example of a Vietnamese; personal contacts with foreigners; attitude to Africans and assumed attitude of parents to a friendship with an African; attitude to a Jew as Federal President and assessment of Hitler as statesman; judgement on school education about Hitler; personal contacts with Nazis and Neonazis; attitude to the Hitler salute; secret desire to paint swastikas; attitude to discussion about the Third Reich (scale); political conduct given a hypothetical participation of Republicans in the Federal Government; local ties or identification with the region, state, the western or eastern part or feeling as a German, European...

This article summarizes a reconstruction of the adjusted monetary base and adjusted bank reserves of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The revised figures, based on as much original source data as feasible, include changes to both the monetary (source) base and reserve requirement magnitude (RAM). The revised figures include the new measure or RAM developed by Anderson and Rasche (2001) that interprets the operation of retail-deposit sweep programs by United States banks, beginning in 1994, as economically equivalent to a reduction in statutory reserve requirements. The authors also present new seasonal adjustment factors that incorporate adjustments for the Y2K-related surge in the monetary base and reserves.

United States - Total Revenue for Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations, All Establishments, Employer Firms was 91376.00000 Mil. of $ in January of 2022, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Total Revenue for Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations, All Establishments, Employer Firms reached a record high of 91376.00000 in January of 2022 and a record low of 37917.00000 in January of 1998. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Total Revenue for Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations, All Establishments, Employer Firms - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.