View data of a measure of the U.S. money supply that includes all components of M1 plus several less-liquid assets.

View a measure of the most-liquid assets in the U.S. money supply: cash, checking accounts, traveler's checks, demand deposits, and other checkable deposits.

Money Supply M2 in the United States increased to 22298.10 USD Billion in October from 22212.50 USD Billion in September of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Money Supply M2 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Graph and download economic data for M3 Money Stock (DISCONTINUED) (M3) from 1981-01-05 to 2006-03-13 about M3, monetary aggregates, and USA.

Money Supply M0 in the United States increased to 53615000 USD Million in October from 5478000 USD Million in September of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Money Supply M0 - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about United States Money Supply M2

• United States Money Supply M2 was reported at 22,298.100 USD bn in Oct 2025
• This records an increase from the previous number of 22,212.500 USD bn for Sep 2025
• US Money Supply M2 data is updated monthly, averaging 0.050 USD mn from Jan 1959 to Oct 2025, with 802 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 97.284 USD mn in Dec 2013 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Dec 1996
• US Money Supply M2 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Money Supply M2: USD: Monthly: Seasonally Adjusted

Federal Reserve Board provides monthly Money Supply M2 in USD.

View monthly updates and historical trends for US M2 Money Supply. from United States. Source: Federal Reserve. Track economic data with YCharts analytics.

Graph and download economic data for Monetary Base: Total (BOGMBASE) from Jan 1959 to Oct 2025 about monetary base and USA.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by October 29, 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic—both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S.—showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by August 2025, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in August 2023, before the first rate cut since September 2021 occurred in September 2024. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2024, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Key information about Portugal Money Supply M1

• Portugal Money Supply M1 was reported at 175.752 USD bn in Oct 2025
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 176.744 USD bn for Sep 2025
• Portugal Money Supply M1 data is updated monthly, averaging 43.971 USD bn from Dec 1979 to Oct 2025, with 551 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 189.349 USD bn in Jan 2023 and a record low of 4.023 USD bn in Feb 1985. Portugal Money Supply M1 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Money Supply M1: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Money Supply M1 into USD. Banco de Portugal provides Money Supply M1 in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Money Supply M1 excludes Currency in Circulation. Portugal is part of the Euro Area and the reported figure corresponds to its contribution to the Euro money supply. Since September 1997, data is not fully comparable with data of previous periods as 'Resident' refers to the residents of Portugal and of other Euro Area member states (before that Portugal only). Money Supply M1 prior to September 1997 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

Key information about Germany Money Supply M1

• Germany Money Supply M1 was reported at 3,299.803 USD bn in Oct 2025
• This records an increase from the previous number of 3,298.826 USD bn for Sep 2025
• Germany Money Supply M1 data is updated monthly, averaging 314.895 USD bn from Jan 1957 to Oct 2025, with 826 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 3,363.105 USD bn in May 2021 and a record low of 7.665 USD bn in Jan 1957. Germany Money Supply M1 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Money Supply M1: USD: Monthly: Seasonally Adjusted

CEIC calculates Money Supply M1 from monthly Money Supply M1 and converts it into USD. Deutsche Bundesbank provides Money Supply M1 in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Money Supply M1 covers Overnight Deposits only. Germany is part of the Euro Area and the reported figure corresponds to its contribution to the Euro money supply. Since January 1995, data is not fully comparable with data of previous periods as 'Resident' refers to the residents of Germany and of other Euro Area member states (before that Germany only). Money Supply M1 prior to January 1995 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

Key information about Italy Money Supply M2

• Italy Money Supply M2 was reported at 2,547.892 USD bn in Sep 2025
• This records an increase from the previous number of 2,538.704 USD bn for Aug 2025
• Italy Money Supply M2 data is updated monthly, averaging 599.943 USD bn from Dec 1974 to Sep 2025, with 610 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 2,549.745 USD bn in May 2021 and a record low of 137.041 USD bn in Apr 1976
• Italy Money Supply M2 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Money Supply M2: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Money Supply M2 into USD. The Bank of Italy provides Money Supply M2 in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Italy is part of the Euro Area and the reported figure corresponds to its contribution to the Euro money supply. Since September 1997, data is not fully comparable with data of previous periods as 'Resident' refers to the residents of Italy and of other Euro Area member states (before that Italy only).

Graph and download economic data for Real M2 Money Stock (M2REAL) from Jan 1959 to Sep 2025 about M2, monetary aggregates, real, and USA.

Key information about Ireland Money Supply M1

• Ireland Money Supply M1 was reported at 355.473 USD bn in Oct 2025
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 355.653 USD bn for Sep 2025
• Ireland Money Supply M1 data is updated monthly, averaging 134.630 USD bn from Jan 1990 to Oct 2025, with 430 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 355.653 USD bn in Sep 2025 and a record low of 4.151 USD bn in Feb 1990. Ireland Money Supply M1 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Money Supply M1: USD: Monthly

CEIC converts monthly Money Supply M1 into USD. The Central Bank of Ireland provides Money Supply M1 in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Ireland is part of the Euro Area since January 1999 and the reported figure corresponds to its contribution to the Euro money supply. Since January 1999, data is not fully comparable with data of previous periods as 'Resident' refers to the residents of Ireland and of other Euro Area member states (before that Ireland only).

Key information about Latvia Money Supply M2

• Latvia Money Supply M2 was reported at 25.819 USD bn in Oct 2025
• This records a decrease from the previous number of 26.125 USD bn for Sep 2025
• Latvia Money Supply M2 data is updated monthly, averaging 13.117 USD bn from Jul 2003 to Oct 2025, with 268 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 26.125 USD bn in Sep 2025 and a record low of 3.474 USD bn in Aug 2003
• Latvia Money Supply M2 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Money Supply M2: USD: Monthly

CEIC calculates monthly Money Supply M2 as the sum of Deposits with Agreed Maturity up to 2 Years, Deposits Redeemable at Notice of up to 3 Months and Overnight Deposits and converts it into USD. The Bank of Latvia provides Money Supply M2 in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Latvia is part of the Euro Area since January 2014 and the reported figure corresponds to its contribution to the Euro money supply. Since January 2014, data is not fully comparable with data of previous periods as 'Resident' refers to the residents of Latvia and of other Euro Area member states (before that Latvia only).

Key information about Slovenia Money Supply M2

• Slovenia Money Supply M2 was reported at 48.619 USD bn in Jan 2025
• This records an increase from the previous number of 48.542 USD bn for Dec 2024
• Slovenia Money Supply M2 data is updated monthly, averaging 28.559 USD bn from Jan 1994 to Jan 2025, with 373 observations
• The data reached an all-time high of 51.601 USD bn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 3.534 USD bn in Jan 1994
• Slovenia Money Supply M2 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Money Supply M2: USD: Monthly

CEIC calculates monthly Money Supply M2 as the sum of Currency in Circulation and Money Supply M2 and converts it into USD. The Bank of Slovenia provides Currency in Circulation and Money Supply M2 in EUR. The Federal Reserve Board period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Slovenia is part of the Euro Area and the reported figure corresponds to its contribution to the Euro money supply. Since January 2007, data is not fully comparable with data of previous periods as 'Resident' refers to the residents of Slovenia and of other euro area member states (before that Slovenia only). Money Supply M2 prior to January 2007 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.

The Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) influences market interest rates by changing the administered rates that it controls, such as the interest rates on overnight repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements. This requires an ample level of bank reserves. Quantitative tightening (QT) reduces the level of reserves. To guard against supply and demand shocks that drive reserves too low, the FOMC may need to hold a buffer above the point at which reserves become scarce. In this Economic Commentary , I present evidence based on inventory theory that the estimated buffer might be relatively small, though the true number is uncertain. Treating the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet as inventory helps to estimate the level of reserves needed to stay above the scarce threshold.

Key information about United States M2 Growth

• United States Money Supply M2 increased 4.6 % YoY in Oct 2025, compared with a growth of 4.5 % in the previous month
• US Money Supply M2 growth data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1960 to Oct 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 26.7 % in Feb 2021 and a record low of -4.7 % in Apr 2023

CEIC calculates M2 Growth Rate from monthly M2. Federal Reserve Board provides M2 in USD.


Further information about United States M2 Growth

• In the latest reports, US Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 38.3 USD bn in Oct 2025
• The Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 0.1 Months of Import in Aug 2025
• US Domestic Credit reached 31,813.3 USD bn in Mar 2025, representing an increased of 4.0 % YoY
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.5 % in Sep 2025, compared with the ratio of 1.5 % in the previous quarter
• Household Debt of US reached 18,585.0 USD bn in Sep 2025, accounting for 61.4 % of the country's Nominal GDP

Graph and download economic data for Currency in Circulation (CURRCIR) from Aug 1917 to Oct 2025 about currency and USA.

Loretta J. Mester-President and Chief Executive Officer-Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland-2023 UC San Diego Economics Roundtable, San Diego, CA (via videoconference), July 10, 2023, 11:00 AM EDT