View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

Chicago Fed National Activity Index in the United States increased to 0.18 points in February from -0.08 points in January of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Chicago Fed National Activity Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Overnight Reverse Repurchase Agreements Award Rate: Treasury Securities Sold by the Federal Reserve in the Temporary Open Market Operations (RRPONTSYAWARD) from 2013-09-23 to 2025-03-25 about reverse repos, overnight, securities, Treasury, sales, rate, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Funds Effective Rate (RIFSPFFNB) from 1954-07-01 to 2025-03-21 about funds, federal, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Policy interest rates in the U.S. and Europe are forecasted to decrease gradually between 2024 and 2027, following exceptional increases triggered by soaring inflation between 2021 and 2023. The U.S. federal funds rate stood at 5.38 percent at the end of 2023, the European Central Bank deposit rate at four percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate at 1.75 percent. With inflationary pressures stabilizing, policy interest rates are forecast to decrease in each observed region. The U.S. federal funds rate is expected to decrease to 3.5 percent, the ECB refi rate to 2.65 percent, the Bank of England bank rate to 3.33 percent, and the Swiss National Bank policy rate to 0.75 percent by 2025. An interesting aspect to note is the impact of these interest rate changes on various economic factors such as growth, employment, and inflation. The impact of central bank policy rates The U.S. federal funds effective rate, crucial in determining the interest rate paid by depository institutions, experienced drastic changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The subsequent slight changes in the effective rate reflected the efforts to stimulate the economy and manage economic factors such as inflation. Such fluctuations in the federal funds rate have had a significant impact on the overall economy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut its fixed interest rate in June 2024 for the first time since 2016 marked a significant shift in attitude towards economic conditions. The reasons behind the fluctuations in the ECB's interest rate reflect its mandate to ensure price stability and manage inflation, shedding light on the complex interplay between interest rates and economic factors. Inflation and real interest rates The relationship between inflation and interest rates is critical in understanding the actions of central banks. Central banks' efforts to manage inflation through interest rate adjustments reveal the intricate balance between economic growth and inflation. Additionally, the concept of real interest rates, adjusted for inflation, provides valuable insights into the impact of inflation on the economy.

While interest rates in the United States declined three times by late 2024, average credit card interest rates did not immediately follow suit. This reveals itself when comparing the Federal Reserve interest rate against the APR, or annual percentage rates, of credit cards issued by commercial banks. The APR reached a record high in the country in 2024, likely adding to the growing credit card debt in the United States. This was below the APR of credit cards in a country like Brazil, however. It is expected that the credit card interest rates will continue to need time to catch up with the Fed interest rate.

Among the 12 Federal Reserve Banks of the Federal Reserve System in the United States, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York held by far the highest value of assets in 2023. With approximately 4.3 trillion U.S. dollars on its balance sheet, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York held over 50 percent of the Fed's total assets. It was followed by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.

Graph and download economic data for Reserves of Depository Institutions: Total (TOTRESNS) from Jan 1959 to Feb 2025 about adjusted, reserves, and USA.

The weekly average value of securities held by Federal Reserve Banks in the United States decreased since the second half of 2022, after a period of sharp increase in 2020 and 2021. As of the end of May 2024, the weekly average value of securities held outright by the Federal Reserve amounted to roughly seven trillion U.S. dollars.

Graph and download economic data for FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Range, Midpoint (FEDTARRM) from 2025 to 2027 about projection, federal, rate, and USA.

Richmond Fed Services Index in the United States decreased to -4 points in March from 11 points in February of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States Richmond Fed Services Index.

United States Diffusion Index: sa: New York Fed: General Business Condition: Highe data was reported at 39.600 NA in Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 37.700 NA for Jun 2018. United States Diffusion Index: sa: New York Fed: General Business Condition: Highe data is updated monthly, averaging 30.700 NA from Jul 2001 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 205 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 50.600 NA in Apr 2004 and a record low of 9.900 NA in Mar 2009. United States Diffusion Index: sa: New York Fed: General Business Condition: Highe data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.S009: Empire State Manufacturing Survey.

United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Nxt 6 Mths: Available Skills data was reported at 21.000 % Point in Apr 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of -6.000 % Point for Mar 2020. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Nxt 6 Mths: Available Skills data is updated monthly, averaging -2.000 % Point from Dec 2010 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 113 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.000 % Point in Apr 2020 and a record low of -33.000 % Point in Oct 2018. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Nxt 6 Mths: Available Skills data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S014: Fifth District Survey of Service Sector Activity. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Content

More details about each file are in the individual file descriptions.

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the St. Louis Fed organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by Martin Sanchez on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

United States Assets: Flow: FED: saar: DS: Agency & GSE Backed Securities data was reported at 0.000 USD bn in Jun 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD bn for Mar 2018. United States Assets: Flow: FED: saar: DS: Agency & GSE Backed Securities data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 267 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 209.136 USD bn in Mar 2009 and a record low of -157.984 USD bn in Dec 2011. United States Assets: Flow: FED: saar: DS: Agency & GSE Backed Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB009: Funds by Sector: Flows and Outstanding: Federal Government.

United States Kansas Fed Diffusion Index: Svcs: 6 Mths: Capital Expenditures data was reported at 9.000 % Point in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14.000 % Point for Jan 2025. United States Kansas Fed Diffusion Index: Svcs: 6 Mths: Capital Expenditures data is updated monthly, averaging 15.500 % Point from Jan 2014 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 134 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35.000 % Point in May 2019 and a record low of -32.000 % Point in Apr 2020. United States Kansas Fed Diffusion Index: Svcs: 6 Mths: Capital Expenditures data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S054: Tenth District Services Survey.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt: Total Public Debt (GFDEBTN) from Q1 1966 to Q4 2024 about public, debt, federal, government, and USA.

The benchmark interest rate in Hong Kong was last recorded at 4.75 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Hong Kong Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Contributions to the Chicago Fed Midwest Economy Index: Iowa Contribution: Manufacturing Sector was 0.10910 Index Standard Deviation in May of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Contributions to the Chicago Fed Midwest Economy Index: Iowa Contribution: Manufacturing Sector reached a record high of 0.17811 in November of 2020 and a record low of -0.25245 in February of 2009. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Contributions to the Chicago Fed Midwest Economy Index: Iowa Contribution: Manufacturing Sector - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on March of 2025.

United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Mfg: Capital Expenditures data was reported at -22.000 % Point in Apr 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.000 % Point for Mar 2020. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Mfg: Capital Expenditures data is updated monthly, averaging 13.000 % Point from Dec 2010 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 113 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.000 % Point in Apr 2018 and a record low of -22.000 % Point in Apr 2020. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Mfg: Capital Expenditures data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S013: Fifth District Survey of Manufacturing Sector Activity.