Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Federal Reserve Banks as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (HBFRGDQ188S) from Q1 1970 to Q4 2024 about debt, federal, banks, depository institutions, GDP, and USA.

View the total value of the assets of all Federal Reserve Banks as reported in the weekly balance sheet.

The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Among the 12 Federal Reserve Banks of the Federal Reserve System in the United States, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York held by far the highest value of assets in 2023. With approximately 4.3 trillion U.S. dollars on its balance sheet, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York held over 50 percent of the Fed's total assets. It was followed by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by May 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached * percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Federal Reserve Banks (FDHBFRBN) from Q1 1970 to Q1 2025 about debt, federal, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. In January 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented another cut, setting the rate at 4.33 percent, which remained unchanged throughout the following months. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

United States - Federal Debt Held by Federal Reserve Banks was 4556.36200 Bil. of $ in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Federal Debt Held by Federal Reserve Banks reached a record high of 6254.96600 in January of 2022 and a record low of 55.80000 in January of 1970. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Federal Debt Held by Federal Reserve Banks - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

Central Bank Balance Sheet in the United States decreased to 6672885 USD Million in June 3 from 6673244 USD Million in the previous week. This dataset provides - United States Central Bank Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The U.S. federal funds rate peaked in 2023 at its highest level since the 2007-08 financial crisis, reaching 5.33 percent by December 2023. A significant shift in monetary policy occurred in the second half of 2024, with the Federal Reserve implementing regular rate cuts. By December 2024, the rate had declined to 4.48 percent. What is a central bank rate? The federal funds rate determines the cost of overnight borrowing between banks, allowing them to maintain necessary cash reserves and ensure financial system liquidity. When this rate rises, banks become more inclined to hold rather than lend money, reducing the money supply. While this decreased lending slows economic activity, it helps control inflation by limiting the circulation of money in the economy. Historic perspective The federal funds rate historically follows cyclical patterns, falling during recessions and gradually rising during economic recoveries. Some central banks, notably the European Central Bank, went beyond traditional monetary policy by implementing both aggressive asset purchases and negative interest rates.

With over 91 billion U.S. dollars, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York reported the highest net interest income of the Federal Reserve (Fed) in 2023. It was followed by San Francisco and Richmond, with 22.72 and 11.69 billion U.S. dollars. The total net interest income of the Fed amounted to roughly 174.5 billion U.S. dollars at the end of the year.

Graph and download economic data for Total Deposits, Federal Reserve Banks for United States (M14070USM027NNBR) from Nov 1914 to Apr 1949 about deposits, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

From 2003 to 2025, the central banks of the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union exhibited remarkably similar interest rate patterns, reflecting shared global economic conditions. In the early 2000s, rates were initially low to stimulate growth, then increased as economies showed signs of overheating prior to 2008. The financial crisis that year prompted sharp rate cuts to near-zero levels, which persisted for an extended period to support economic recovery. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to further rate reductions to historic lows, aiming to mitigate economic fallout. However, surging inflation in 2022 triggered a dramatic policy shift, with the Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank significantly raising rates to curb price pressures. As inflation stabilized in late 2023 and early 2024, the ECB and Bank of England initiated rate cuts by mid-2024, and the Federal Reserve also implemented its first cut in three years, with forecasts suggesting a gradual decrease in all major interest rates between 2025 and 2026. Divergent approaches within the European Union While the ECB sets a benchmark rate for the Eurozone, individual EU countries have adopted diverse strategies to address their unique economic circumstances. For instance, Hungary set the highest rate in the EU at 13 percent in September 2023, gradually reducing it to 6.5 percent by October 2024. In contrast, Sweden implemented more aggressive cuts, lowering its rate to 2.25 percent by February 2025, the lowest among EU members. These variations highlight the complex economic landscape that European central banks must navigate, balancing inflation control with economic growth support. Global context and future outlook The interest rate changes in major economies have had far-reaching effects on global financial markets. Government bond yields, for example, reflect these policy shifts and investor sentiment. As of December 2024, the United States had the highest 10-year government bond yield among developed economies at 4.59 percent, while Switzerland had the lowest at 0.27 percent. These rates serve as important benchmarks for borrowing costs and economic expectations worldwide.

United States Liabilities: Flow: MA: saar: Misc: Federal Reserve Bank Stock data was reported at 1.112 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.804 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States Liabilities: Flow: MA: saar: Misc: Federal Reserve Bank Stock data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.078 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.752 USD bn in Jun 2009 and a record low of -1.924 USD bn in Sep 2011. United States Liabilities: Flow: MA: saar: Misc: Federal Reserve Bank Stock data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB011: Funds by Sector: Flows and Outstanding: Monetary Authority.

United States FRB: Assets: Bank Premises data was reported at 2.186 USD bn in 25 Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.185 USD bn for 18 Jul 2018. United States FRB: Assets: Bank Premises data is updated weekly, averaging 2.046 USD bn from Jun 1996 (Median) to 25 Jul 2018, with 1153 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.388 USD bn in 29 Feb 2012 and a record low of 1.182 USD bn in 03 Jul 1996. United States FRB: Assets: Bank Premises data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.KB001: Balance Sheet: Federal Reserve Banks.

United States GDP: GO: PI: FR: FI: Federal Reserve Bank & Credit Intermediation data was reported at 959.300 USD bn in 2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 992.600 USD bn for 2010. United States GDP: GO: PI: FR: FI: Federal Reserve Bank & Credit Intermediation data is updated yearly, averaging 519.800 USD bn from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2011, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,016.700 USD bn in 2009 and a record low of 231.500 USD bn in 1987. United States GDP: GO: PI: FR: FI: Federal Reserve Bank & Credit Intermediation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bureau of Economic Analysis. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.A120: NIPA 2009: GDP by Industry: Gross Output: Current Price.

United States - Federal Reserve Bank Held Gold Bullion: On Display was 1993.32100 Fine Troy Ounces in May of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Federal Reserve Bank Held Gold Bullion: On Display reached a record high of 2393.35200 in October of 2021 and a record low of 1993.31900 in February of 2012. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Federal Reserve Bank Held Gold Bullion: On Display - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

United States - Book Value of Federal Reserve Bank Held Gold Bullion: NY Vault was 564805851.07000 U.S. $ in May of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Book Value of Federal Reserve Bank Held Gold Bullion: NY Vault reached a record high of 564805851.07000 in September of 2017 and a record low of 564804727.98000 in May of 2012. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Book Value of Federal Reserve Bank Held Gold Bullion: NY Vault - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.

United States FRB: Assets: Central Bank Liquidity Swaps data was reported at 122.000 USD mn in 25 Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 91.000 USD mn for 18 Jul 2018. United States FRB: Assets: Central Bank Liquidity Swaps data is updated weekly, averaging 70.000 USD mn from Dec 2002 (Median) to 25 Jul 2018, with 815 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 583.135 USD bn in 17 Dec 2008 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 22 Jun 2016. United States FRB: Assets: Central Bank Liquidity Swaps data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.KB001: Balance Sheet: Federal Reserve Banks.

Key information about United States Bank Lending Rate

• United States Bank Lending Rate was reported at 7.500 % pa in Mar 2025.
• This stayed constant from the previous number of 7.500 % pa for Mar 2025.
• US Bank Lending Rate data is updated daily, averaging 4.250 % pa from Aug 1955 to 24 Mar 2025, with 25436 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 8.500 % pa in 18 Sep 2024 and a record low of 3.250 % pa in 16 Mar 2022.
• US Bank Lending Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Bank Lending Rate: Daily.