Graph and download economic data for Federal government subsidies: Economic affairs (G170911A027NBEA) from 1959 to 2023 about economic affairs, subsidies, federal, government, GDP, and USA.

U.S. Economic and Financial Dataset

Dataset Description

This dataset combines historical U.S. economic and financial indicators, spanning the last 50 years, to facilitate time series analysis and uncover patterns in macroeconomic trends. It is designed for exploring relationships between interest rates, inflation, economic growth, stock market performance, and industrial production.

Key Features

• Frequency: Monthly
• Time Period: Last 50 years from Nov-24
• Sources:
  • Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)
  • Yahoo Finance

Dataset Feature Description

1. Interest Rate (Interest_Rate):

   • The effective federal funds rate, representing the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds overnight.

2. Inflation (Inflation):

   • The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, an indicator of inflation trends.

3. GDP (GDP):

   • Real GDP measures the inflation-adjusted value of goods and services produced in the U.S.

4. Unemployment Rate (Unemployment):

   • The percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking work.

5. Stock Market Performance (S&P500):

   • Monthly average of the adjusted close price, representing stock market trends.

6. Industrial Production (Ind_Prod):

   • A measure of real output in the industrial sector, including manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Dataset Statistics

1. Total Entries: 599
2. Columns: 6
3. Memory usage: 37.54 kB
4. Data types: float64

Feature Overview

• Columns:
  • Interest_Rate: Monthly Federal Funds Rate (%)
  • Inflation: CPI (All Urban Consumers, Index)
  • GDP: Real GDP (Billions of Chained 2012 Dollars)
  • Unemployment: Unemployment Rate (%)
  • Ind_Prod: Industrial Production Index (2017=100)
  • S&P500: Monthly Average of S&P 500 Adjusted Close Prices

Executive Summary

This project explores the interconnected dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators and financial market trends over the past 50 years, leveraging data from the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) and Yahoo Finance. The dataset integrates critical variables such as the Federal Funds Rate, Inflation (CPI), Real GDP, Unemployment Rate, Industrial Production, and the S&P 500 Index, providing a holistic view of the U.S. economy and financial markets.

The analysis focuses on uncovering relationships between these variables through time-series visualization, correlation analysis, and trend decomposition. Key findings are included in the Insights section. This project serves as a robust resource for understanding long-term economic trends, policy impacts, and market behavior. It is particularly valuable for students, researchers, policymakers, and financial analysts seeking to connect macroeconomic theory with real-world data.

Potential Use Cases

• Economic Analysis: Examine relationships between interest rates, inflation, GDP, and unemployment.
• Stock Market Prediction: Study how macroeconomic indicators influence stock market trends.
• Time Series Modeling: Perform ARIMA, VAR, or other models to forecast economic trends.
• Cyclic Pattern Analysis: Identify how economic shocks and recoveries impact key indicators.

Snap of Power Analysis

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1b40e0ca-7d2e-4fbc-8cfd-df3f09e4fdb8">

To ensure sufficient power, the dataset covers last 50 years of monthly data i.e., around 600 entries.

Key Insights derived through EDA, time-series visualization, correlation analysis, and trend decomposition

• Interest Rate and Inflation Dynamics: The interest Rate and inflation exhibit an inverse relationship, especially during periods of aggressive monetary tightening by the Federal Reserve.
• Economic Growth and Market Performance: GDP growth and the S&P 500 Index show a positive correlation, reflecting how market performance often aligns with overall economic health.
• Labor Market and Industrial Output: Unemployment and industrial production demonstrate a strong inverse relationship. Higher industrial output is typically associated with lower unemployment
• Market Behavior During Economic Shocks: The S&P 500 experienced sharp declines during significant crises, such as the 2008 financial crash and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. These events also triggered increased unemployment and contractions in GDP, highlighting the interplay between markets and the broader economy.
• Correlation Highlights: S&P 500 and GDP have a strong positive correlation. Interest rates negatively correlate with GDP and inflation, reflecting monetary policy impacts. Unemployment is negatively correlated with industrial production but positively correlated with interest rates.

Link to GitHub Repo

https:/...

United States - Government social benefits: Federal: Economic affairs was 10.94400 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government social benefits: Federal: Economic affairs reached a record high of 44.34700 in January of 2020 and a record low of 0.00500 in January of 1960. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government social benefits: Federal: Economic affairs - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on December of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt: Total Public Debt (GFDEBTN) from Q1 1966 to Q2 2025 about public, debt, federal, government, and USA.

United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs was 234.46500 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs reached a record high of 987.44000 in January of 2021 and a record low of 5.46400 in January of 1960. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

United States Federal Govt Outlays: Physical Resources: as % of GDP data was reported at 1.300 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.800 % for 2022. United States Federal Govt Outlays: Physical Resources: as % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.250 % from Sep 1940 (Median) to 2023, with 84 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.000 % in 2020 and a record low of 0.300 % in 2014. United States Federal Govt Outlays: Physical Resources: as % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of Management and Budget. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.F006: Federal Government Receipts and Outlays: Annual.

United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Transportation: Water was 16.77500 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Transportation: Water reached a record high of 16.77500 in January of 2023 and a record low of 0.70400 in January of 1959. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Transportation: Water - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

United States Federal Govt Receipts: Off Budget Receipts: as % of GDP data was reported at 4.400 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.200 % for 2022. United States Federal Govt Receipts: Off Budget Receipts: as % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 3.800 % from Sep 1937 (Median) to 2023, with 87 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.800 % in 2002 and a record low of 0.300 % in 1937. United States Federal Govt Receipts: Off Budget Receipts: as % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of Management and Budget. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.F006: Federal Government Receipts and Outlays: Annual.

United States - Federal government capital transfers paid: Economic affairs was 87.62600 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Federal government capital transfers paid: Economic affairs reached a record high of 187.28100 in January of 2022 and a record low of 2.61600 in January of 1960. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Federal government capital transfers paid: Economic affairs - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

United States Federal Govt Outlays: Other Functions data was reported at 262.871 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 346.879 USD bn for 2022. United States Federal Govt Outlays: Other Functions data is updated yearly, averaging 49.081 USD bn from Sep 1940 (Median) to 2023, with 84 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 475.254 USD bn in 2021 and a record low of 0.775 USD bn in 1940. United States Federal Govt Outlays: Other Functions data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of Management and Budget. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.F006: Federal Government Receipts and Outlays: Annual.

Graph and download economic data for Federal government consumption expenditures (A957RC1Q027SBEA) from Q1 1947 to Q2 2025 about consumption expenditures, federal, consumption, government, GDP, and USA.

United States Federal Govt Outlays: On Budget Outlays: as % of GDP data was reported at 18.200 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.500 % for 2022. United States Federal Govt Outlays: On Budget Outlays: as % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 16.150 % from Sep 1930 (Median) to 2023, with 94 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 42.700 % in 1944 and a record low of 3.400 % in 1930. United States Federal Govt Outlays: On Budget Outlays: as % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of Management and Budget. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.F006: Federal Government Receipts and Outlays: Annual.

United States - Government consumption expenditures and gross investments: Federal: Economic affairs was 229.46200 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government consumption expenditures and gross investments: Federal: Economic affairs reached a record high of 229.46200 in January of 2023 and a record low of 6.86700 in January of 1960. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government consumption expenditures and gross investments: Federal: Economic affairs - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

View quarterly updates and historical trends for US Federal Government Employment Forecast. from United States. Source: Oregon Office of Economic Analysis…

Comprehensive federal funds rate data with real-time values, historical trends, charts, and economic analysis. Track federal funds rate indicators for informed investment decisions.

Graph and download economic data for Government consumption expenditures and gross investments: Federal: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Postal service (W630RC1A027NBEA) from 1959 to 2023 about economic affairs, postal, investment, gross, consumption expenditures, federal, consumption, government, services, GDP, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Energy (G170621A027NBEA) from 1959 to 2023 about grants, economic affairs, state & local, energy, federal, government, GDP, and USA.

United States Federal Government Financing: Borrowing from the Public data was reported at 2.000 USD bn in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.586 USD bn for Feb 2025. United States Federal Government Financing: Borrowing from the Public data is updated monthly, averaging 23.380 USD bn from Sep 1982 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 511 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,386.528 USD bn in Apr 2020 and a record low of -135.572 USD bn in Apr 2001. United States Federal Government Financing: Borrowing from the Public data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bureau of the Fiscal Service. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.F005: Federal Government Receipts and Outlays.

United States - Government consumption expenditures and gross investments: Federal: Economic affairs: Transportation: Air was 32.41000 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government consumption expenditures and gross investments: Federal: Economic affairs: Transportation: Air reached a record high of 32.41000 in January of 2023 and a record low of 0.47400 in January of 1959. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government consumption expenditures and gross investments: Federal: Economic affairs: Transportation: Air - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

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