In 2021, ** percent of all Medicare Advantage enrollees in the United States lived below 100 percent of the federal poverty level. This statistic depicts the distribution of Medicare Advantage enrollees in the United States in 2021, by federal poverty level.

Tabular data of population by age groups, race and gender, and the poverty by race is attached to the split tract geography to create this split tract with population and poverty data. Split tract data is the product of 2020 census tracts split by 2021 incorporated city boundaries and unincorporated community/countywide statistical areas (CSA) boundaries. The census tract boundaries have been altered and aligned where necessary with legal city boundaries and unincorporated areas, including shoreline/coastal areas. Census Tract:Every 10 years the Census Bureau counts the population of the United States as mandated by Constitution. The Census Bureau (https://www.census.gov/) released 2020 geographic boundaries data including census tracts for the analysis and mapping of demographic information across the United States. City Boundary:City Boundary data is the base map information for the County of Los Angeles. These City Boundaries are based on the Los Angeles County Seamless Cadastral Landbase. The Landbase is jointly maintained by the Los Angeles County Assessor and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (DPW). This layer represents current city boundaries within Los Angeles County. The DPW provides the most current shapefiles representing city boundaries and city annexations. True, legal boundaries are only determined on the ground by surveyors licensed in the State of California.Countywide Statistical Areas (CSA): The countywide Statistical Area (CSA) was defined to provide a common geographic boundary for reporting departmental statistics for unincorporated areas and incorporated Los Angeles city to the Board of Supervisors. The CSA boundary and CSA names are established by the CIO and the LA County Enterprise GIS group worked with the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors Unincorporated Area and Field Deputies that reflect as best as possible the general name preferences of residents and historical names of areas. This data is primarily focused on broad statistics and reporting, not mapping of communities. This data is not designed to perfectly represent communities, nor jurisdictional boundaries such as Angeles National Forest. CSA represent board approved geographies comprised of Census block groups split by cities.Data Field:CT20: 2020 Census tractFIP21: 2021 City FIP CodeCITY: City name for incorporated cities and “Unincorporated” for unincorporated areas (as of July 1, 2021) CSA: Countywide Statistical Area (CSA) - Unincorporated area community names and LA City neighborhood names.CT20FIP21CSA: 2020 census tract with 2021 city FIPs for incorporated cities, unincorporated areas and LA neighborhoods. SPA22: 2022 Service Planning Area (SPA) number.SPA_NAME: Service Planning Area name.HD22: 2022 Health District (HD) number: HD_NAME: Health District name.POP21_AGE_0_4: 2021 population 0 to 4 years oldPOP21_AGE_5_9: 2021 population 5 to 9 years old POP21_AGE_10_14: 2021 population 10 to 14 years old POP21_AGE_15_17: 2021 population 15 to 17 years old POP21_AGE_18_19: 2021 population 18 to 19 years old POP21_AGE_20_44: 2021 population 20 to 24 years old POP21_AGE_25_29: 2021 population 25 to 29 years old POP21_AGE_30_34: 2021 population 30 to 34 years old POP21_AGE_35_44: 2021 population 35 to 44 years old POP21_AGE_45_54: 2021 population 45 to 54 years old POP21_AGE_55_64: 2021 population 55 to 64 years old POP21_AGE_65_74: 2021 population 65 to 74 years old POP21_AGE_75_84: 2021 population 75 to 84 years old POP21_AGE_85_100: 2021 population 85 years and older POP21_WHITE: 2021 Non-Hispanic White POP21_BLACK: 2021 Non-Hispanic African AmericanPOP21_AIAN: 2021 Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska NativePOP21_ASIAN: 2021 Non-Hispanic Asian POP21_HNPI: 2021 Non-Hispanic Hawaiian Native or Pacific IslanderPOP21_HISPANIC: 2021 HispanicPOP21_MALE: 2021 Male POP21_FEMALE: 2021 Female POV21_WHITE: 2021 Non-Hispanic White below 100% Federal Poverty Level POV21_BLACK: 2021 Non-Hispanic African American below 100% Federal Poverty Level POV21_AIAN: 2021 Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native below 100% Federal Poverty Level POV21_ASIAN: 2021 Non-Hispanic Asian below 100% Federal Poverty Level POV21_HNPI: 2021 Non-Hispanic Hawaiian Native or Pacific Islander below 100% Federal Poverty Level POV21_HISPANIC: 2021 Hispanic below 100% Federal Poverty Level POV21_TOTAL: 2021 Total population below 100% Federal Poverty Level POP21_TOTAL: 2021 Total PopulationAREA_SQMIL: Area in square milePOP21_DENSITY: Population per square mile.POV21_PERCENT: Poverty percentage.How this data created?The tabular data of population by age groups, by ethnic groups and by gender, and the poverty by ethnic groups is attributed to the split tract geography to create this data. Split tract polygon data is created by intersecting 2020 census tract polygons, LA Country City Boundary polygons and Countywide Statistical Areas (CSA) polygon data. The resulting polygon boundary aligned and matched with the legal city boundary whenever possible. Note:1. Population and poverty data estimated as of July 1, 2021. 2. 2010 Census tract and 2020 census tracts are not the same. Similarly, city and community boundary are not the same because boundary is reviewed and updated annually.

In 2024, approximately 10.6 percent of the population was living below the national poverty line in the United States. This reflected a 0.5 percentage point decrease from the previous year. Most recently, poverty levels in the country peaked in 2010 at just over 15 percent. Poverty in the U.S. States The number of people living in poverty in the U.S. as well as poverty rates, vary greatly from state to state. With their large populations, California and Texas led that charts in terms of the size of their impoverished residents. On the other hand, Louisiana had the highest rates of poverty, standing at 20 percent in 2024. The state with the lowest poverty rate was New Hampshire at 5.9 percent. Vulnerable populations The poverty rate in the United States varies widely across different ethnic groups. American Indians and Alaska Natives are the ethnic group with the highest levels of poverty in 2024, with about 19 percent earning an income below the official threshold. In comparison, only about 7.5 percent of the White (non-Hispanic) and Asian populations were living below the poverty line. Children are one of the most poverty endangered population groups in the U.S. between 1990 and 2024. Child poverty peaked in 1993 with 22.7 percent of children living in poverty. Despite fluctuations, in 2024, poverty among minors reached its lowest level in decades, falling to 14.3 percent.

The 2020-2021 School Neighborhood Poverty Estimates are based on school locations from the 2020-2021 Common Core of Data (CCD) school file and income data from families with children ages 5 to 18 in the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2017-2021 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year collection. The ACS is a continuous household survey that collects social, demographic, economic, and housing information from the population in the United States each month. The Census Bureau calculates the income-to-poverty ratio (IPR) based on money income reported for families relative to the poverty thresholds, which are determined based on the family size and structure. Noncash benefits (such as food stamps and housing subsidies) are excluded, as are capital gains and losses. The IPR is the percentage of family income that is above or below the federal poverty level. The IPR indicator ranges from 0 to a top-coded value of 999. A family with income at the poverty threshold has an IPR value of 100. The estimates in this file reflect the IPR for the neighborhoods around schools which may be different from the neighborhood conditions of students enrolled in schools.Collections are available for the following years: School Neighborhood Poverty Estimates, 2020-2021School Neighborhood Poverty Estimates, 2019-2020 School Neighborhood Poverty Estimates, 2018-2019 School Neighborhood Poverty Estimates, 2017-2018 School Neighborhood Poverty Estimates, 2016-2017 School Neighborhood Poverty Estimates, 2015-2016 All information contained in this file is in the public _domain. Data users are advised to review NCES program documentation and feature class metadata to understand the limitations and appropriate use of these data.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Poverty (EQ5)

FULL MEASURE NAME
The share of the population living in households that earn less than 200 percent of the federal poverty limit

LAST UPDATED
January 2023

DESCRIPTION
Poverty refers to the share of the population living in households that earn less than 200 percent of the federal poverty limit, which varies based on the number of individuals in a given household. It reflects the number of individuals who are economically struggling due to low household income levels.

DATA SOURCE
U.S Census Bureau: Decennial Census - http://www.nhgis.org
1980-2000

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey - https://data.census.gov/
2007-2021
Form C17002

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@mtc.ca.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
The U.S. Census Bureau defines a national poverty level (or household income) that varies by household size, number of children in a household, and age of householder. The national poverty level does not vary geographically even though cost of living is different across the United States. For the Bay Area, where cost of living is high and incomes are correspondingly high, an appropriate poverty level is 200% of poverty or twice the national poverty level, consistent with what was used for past equity work at MTC and ABAG. For comparison, however, both the national and 200% poverty levels are presented.

For Vital Signs, the poverty rate is defined as the number of people (including children) living below twice the poverty level divided by the number of people for whom poverty status is determined. The household income definitions for poverty change each year to reflect inflation. The official poverty definition uses money income before taxes and does not include capital gains or non-cash benefits (such as public housing, Medicaid and food stamps).

For the national poverty level definitions by year, see: US Census Bureau Poverty Thresholds - https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-thresholds.html.

For an explanation on how the Census Bureau measures poverty, see: How the Census Bureau Measures Poverty - https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html.

American Community Survey (ACS) 1-year data is used for larger geographies – Bay counties and most metropolitan area counties – while smaller geographies rely upon 5-year rolling average data due to their smaller sample sizes. Note that 2020 data uses the 5-year estimates because the ACS did not collect 1-year data for 2020.

To be consistent across metropolitan areas, the poverty definition for non-Bay Area metros is twice the national poverty level. Data were not adjusted for varying income and cost of living levels across the metropolitan areas.

From August 2021 to August 2023, the prevalence of depression among people with family income less than 100 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL) surveyed in the United States was ** percent in females and **** percent in males. Meanwhile, this figure was significantly lower among individuals with a family income level at or above 400 percent of the federal poverty level, around *** and *** percent in females and males, respectively.

Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in New Haven County, CT was 11.50% in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in New Haven County, CT reached a record high of 13.00 in January of 2015 and a record low of 11.20 in January of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in New Haven County, CT - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

This dataset lists census tracts that were identified as high poverty, low opportunity areas according to PA 23-205 Section 101. "High poverty, low opportunity areas" mean a census tract in the state where thirty percent or more of the residents have incomes below the federal poverty level, according to the 2021 five-year United States Census Bureau American Community Survey. The 2021 ACS estimates were used to identify these tracts.

Created for the 2023-2025 State of Black Los Angeles County (SBLA) interactive report. To learn more about this effort, please visit the report home page at https://ceo.lacounty.gov/ardi/sbla/. For more information about the purpose of this data, please contact CEO-ARDI. For more information about the configuration of this data, please contact ISD-Enterprise GIS. table name indicator name Universe timeframe source race notes source url

below_fpl_perc below 100% federal poverty level percent (%) Population for whom poverty status is determined 2016-2020 American Community Survey - S1703 Race alone; White is Non-Hispanic White https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US06037&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1703

below_200fpl_perc below 200% federal poverty level percent (%) Total population 2021 Population and Poverty Estimates of Los Angeles County Tract-City Splits by Age, Sex and Race-Ethnicity for July 1, 2021, Los Angeles, CA, April 2022 All races are Non-Hispanic LA County eGIS-Demography

median_income Median income (household) Households 2016-2020 American Community Survey - S1903 All races are Non-Hispanic; Race is that of householder https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=S1903&g=0500000US06037

percapita_income Mean Per Capita Income Total population 2016-2020 American Community Survey - S1902 Race alone; White is Non-Hispanic White https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US06037&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1902

college_degree_any College degree AA, BA, or Higher % Population 25 years and over 2021 American Community Survey - B15002B-I Race alone; White is Non-Hispanic White https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=b15002b&g=0500000US06037

graduate_professional_degree Graduate or professional degree % Population 25 years and over 2021 American Community Survey - B15002B-I Race alone; White is Non-Hispanic White https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=b15002b&g=0500000US06037

unemployment_rate Unemployment Rate Population 16 years and over 2016-2020 American Community Survey - S2301 Race alone; White is Non-Hispanic White https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=S2301%3A%20EMPLOYMENT%20STATUS&g=0500000US06037&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S2301

below_300fpl_food_insecure Percent of Households with Incomes <300% Federal Poverty Level That Are Food Insecure Percent of Households with Incomes <300% Federal Poverty Level 2018 Los Angeles County Health Survey

https://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/LACHSDataTopics2018.htm

below_185fpl_snap Percent of Adults (Ages 18 Years and Older) with Household Incomes <185% Federal Poverty Level Who Are Currently Receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Also Known as Calfresh Adults (Ages 18 Years and Older) with Household Incomes <185% Federal Poverty Level Los Angeles County Health Survey 20182018 https://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ha/LACHSDataTopics2018.htm

B24010 Sex by Occupation for the Civilian Employed Population 16 Years and Over Civilian employed population 16 years and over

Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in Tolland County, CT was 9.70% in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in Tolland County, CT reached a record high of 9.70 in January of 2021 and a record low of 6.50 in January of 2013. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in Tolland County, CT - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

In 2021, it was estimated that around ** percent of adults in the United States with a family income less than 100 percent the federal poverty level suffered from chronic pain, compared to ** percent of adults with a family income of *** percent or more of the federal poverty level. This statistic shows the percentage of adults in the U.S. with chronic pain in 2021, by family income.

In 2024, **** percent of Black people living in the United States were living below the poverty line, compared to *** percent of white people. That year, the overall poverty rate in the U.S. across all races and ethnicities was **** percent. Poverty in the United States The poverty threshold for a single person in the United States was measured at an annual income of ****** U.S. dollars in 2023. Among families of four, the poverty line increases to ****** U.S. dollars a year. Women and children are more likely to suffer from poverty. This is due to the fact that women are more likely than men to stay at home, to care for children. Furthermore, the gender-based wage gap impacts women's earning potential. Poverty data Despite being one of the wealthiest nations in the world, the United States has some of the highest poverty rates among OECD countries. While, the United States poverty rate has fluctuated since 1990, it has trended downwards since 2014. Similarly, the average median household income in the U.S. has mostly increased over the past decade, except for the covid-19 pandemic period. Among U.S. states, Louisiana had the highest poverty rate, which stood at some ** percent in 2024.

Graph and download economic data for Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in New Haven County, CT (S1701ACS009009) from 2012 to 2021 about New Haven County, CT; New Haven; CT; poverty; percent; 5-year; population; and USA.

Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in New London County, CT was 8.70% in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in New London County, CT reached a record high of 10.20 in January of 2018 and a record low of 8.10 in January of 2012. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in New London County, CT - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in Hartford County, CT (S1701ACS009003) from 2012 to 2021 about Hartford County, CT; Hartford; CT; poverty; percent; 5-year; population; and USA.

This dataset contains details about income below 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL) in King County by Health Reporting Area (HRA) for 2021. It has been developed for the Determinant of Equity - Jobs and Jobs Training presentation. It includes information about Poverty Rate equity indicator. Fields describe the total population for whom poverty status is determined (Denominator), population below 200% of FPL (Numerator), the type of equity indicator being measured (Indicator), and the value that describes this measurement (Indicator Value).

For more information about King County's equity efforts, please see:

Equity, Racial & Social Justice Vision Ordinance 16948 describing the determinates of equity Determinants of Equity and Data Tool

Graph and download economic data for Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in New London County, CT (S1701ACS009011) from 2012 to 2021 about New London County, CT; Norwich; CT; poverty; percent; 5-year; population; and USA.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Poverty (EQ5)

FULL MEASURE NAME
The share of the population living in households that earn less than 200 percent of the federal poverty limit

LAST UPDATED
January 2023

DESCRIPTION
Poverty refers to the share of the population living in households that earn less than 200 percent of the federal poverty limit, which varies based on the number of individuals in a given household. It reflects the number of individuals who are economically struggling due to low household income levels.

DATA SOURCE
U.S Census Bureau: Decennial Census - http://www.nhgis.org
1980-2000

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey - https://data.census.gov/
2007-2021
Form C17002

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@mtc.ca.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
The U.S. Census Bureau defines a national poverty level (or household income) that varies by household size, number of children in a household, and age of householder. The national poverty level does not vary geographically even though cost of living is different across the United States. For the Bay Area, where cost of living is high and incomes are correspondingly high, an appropriate poverty level is 200% of poverty or twice the national poverty level, consistent with what was used for past equity work at MTC and ABAG. For comparison, however, both the national and 200% poverty levels are presented.

For Vital Signs, the poverty rate is defined as the number of people (including children) living below twice the poverty level divided by the number of people for whom poverty status is determined. The household income definitions for poverty change each year to reflect inflation. The official poverty definition uses money income before taxes and does not include capital gains or non-cash benefits (such as public housing, Medicaid and food stamps).

For the national poverty level definitions by year, see: US Census Bureau Poverty Thresholds - https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-thresholds.html.

For an explanation on how the Census Bureau measures poverty, see: How the Census Bureau Measures Poverty - https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html.

American Community Survey (ACS) 1-year data is used for larger geographies – Bay counties and most metropolitan area counties – while smaller geographies rely upon 5-year rolling average data due to their smaller sample sizes. Note that 2020 data uses the 5-year estimates because the ACS did not collect 1-year data for 2020.

To be consistent across metropolitan areas, the poverty definition for non-Bay Area metros is twice the national poverty level. Data were not adjusted for varying income and cost of living levels across the metropolitan areas.

A survey of women who obtained an abortion in the United States between June 2021 and July 2022 found that almost 42 percent of women who received an abortion at that time had a family income less than 100 percent of the federal poverty level. This statistic shows the distribution of women in the U.S. who obtained an abortion from June 2021 to July 2022, by family income as a percent of the federal poverty level.

Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in Litchfield County, CT was 7.80% in January of 2021, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in Litchfield County, CT reached a record high of 7.80 in January of 2021 and a record low of 6.20 in January of 2012. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Percent of Population Below the Poverty Level (5-year estimate) in Litchfield County, CT - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.