69 datasets found
  1. Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Jul 2, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1121448/fed-balance-sheet-timeline/
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 2, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Aug 1, 2007 - Jun 25, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by June 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

  2. Data from: Open Market Operations and the Federal Funds Rate

    • icpsr.umich.edu
    • search.datacite.org
    excel
    Updated Nov 8, 2007
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    Thornton, Daniel L. (2007). Open Market Operations and the Federal Funds Rate [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR21303.v1
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    excelAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Nov 8, 2007
    Dataset provided by
    Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Researchhttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/pages/
    Authors
    Thornton, Daniel L.
    License

    https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/21303/termshttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/21303/terms

    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    It is commonly believed that the Fed's ability to control the federal funds rate stems from its ability to alter the supply of liquidity in the overnight market through open market operations. This paper uses daily data compiled by the author from the records of the Trading Desk of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York over the period March 1, 1984, through December 31, 1996. The author analyzes the Desk's use of its operating procedure in implementing monetary policy and the extent to which open market operations affect the federal funds rate-- the liquidity effect. The author finds that the operating procedure was used to guide daily open market operations. However, there is little evidence of a liquidity effect at the daily frequency and even less evidence at lower frequencies. Consistent with the absence of a liquidity effect, open market operations appear to be a relatively unimportant source of liquidity to the federal funds market.

  3. T

    United States Fed Funds Interest Rate

    • tradingeconomics.com
    • ko.tradingeconomics.com
    • +13more
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated Jul 10, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States Fed Funds Interest Rate [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/interest-rate
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    xml, excel, json, csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 10, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Aug 4, 1971 - Jun 18, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

  4. Simple Monetary Policy Rules

    • clevelandfed.org
    csv
    Updated Jun 5, 2025
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    Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (2025). Simple Monetary Policy Rules [Dataset]. https://www.clevelandfed.org/indicators-and-data/simple-monetary-policy-rules
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    csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 5, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Federal Reserve Bank of Clevelandhttps://www.clevelandfed.org/
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    We present federal funds rates coming from a range of simple monetary policy rules based on multiple economic forecasts. Use our tool to create your own rule. Released quarterly.

  5. g

    Conducting Monetary Policy Without Government Debt: The Fed's Early Years -...

    • search.gesis.org
    Updated Apr 28, 2021
    + more versions
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    Wheelock, David C. (2021). Conducting Monetary Policy Without Government Debt: The Fed's Early Years - Version 1 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01259.v1
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 28, 2021
    Dataset provided by
    ICPSR - Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research
    GESIS search
    Authors
    Wheelock, David C.
    License

    https://search.gesis.org/research_data/datasearch-httpwww-da-ra-deoaip--oaioai-da-ra-de433897https://search.gesis.org/research_data/datasearch-httpwww-da-ra-deoaip--oaioai-da-ra-de433897

    Description

    Abstract (en): The Federal Reserve implements its monetary policy by using open market operations in United States government securities to target the federal funds rate. A substantial decline in the stock of United States Treasury debt could interfere with the conduct of monetary policy, possibly forcing the Fed to rely more heavily on discount window lending or to conduct open market transactions in other types of securities. Either choice would cause the implementation of monetary policy to resemble the methods used by the Fed before World War II. This paper describes two things: (1) how the Fed implemented monetary policy before the war and (2) the conflicts that arose within the Fed over the allocation of private-sector credit when discount window loans and Fed purchases of private securities were a substantial component of Federal Reserve credit. Those conflicts help explain the Fed's failure to respond vigorously to the Great Depression. The experience suggests that a renewed reliance on the discount window or on open market operations in securities other than those issued by the United States Treasury could hamper the conduct of monetary policy if it leads to increased pressure on the Fed to affect the allocation of credit. The file submitted is 0205dwd.txt. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator if further information is desired.

  6. Monthly Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1954-2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Jun 23, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Monthly Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1954-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/187616/effective-rate-of-us-federal-funds-monthly/
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 23, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jul 1954 - Jun 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. In January 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented another cut, setting the rate at 4.33 percent, which remained unchanged throughout the following months. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

  7. F

    FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Range, Midpoint...

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jun 18, 2025
    + more versions
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    (2025). FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Range, Midpoint [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FEDTARRM
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    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 18, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for FOMC Summary of Economic Projections for the Fed Funds Rate, Range, Midpoint (FEDTARRM) from 2025 to 2027 about projection, federal, rate, and USA.

  8. F

    CSBS Community Bank Sentiment, Monetary Policy Index

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jul 8, 2025
    + more versions
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    (2025). CSBS Community Bank Sentiment, Monetary Policy Index [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CBSIMP
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    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 8, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-requiredhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-citation-required

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for CSBS Community Bank Sentiment, Monetary Policy Index (CBSIMP) from Q2 2019 to Q2 2025 about community, business sentiment, banks, depository institutions, indexes, and USA.

  9. Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2024

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jan 3, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/247941/federal-funds-rate-level-in-the-united-states/
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    Dataset updated
    Jan 3, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The U.S. federal funds rate peaked in 2023 at its highest level since the 2007-08 financial crisis, reaching 5.33 percent by December 2023. A significant shift in monetary policy occurred in the second half of 2024, with the Federal Reserve implementing regular rate cuts. By December 2024, the rate had declined to 4.48 percent. What is a central bank rate? The federal funds rate determines the cost of overnight borrowing between banks, allowing them to maintain necessary cash reserves and ensure financial system liquidity. When this rate rises, banks become more inclined to hold rather than lend money, reducing the money supply. While this decreased lending slows economic activity, it helps control inflation by limiting the circulation of money in the economy. Historic perspective The federal funds rate historically follows cyclical patterns, falling during recessions and gradually rising during economic recoveries. Some central banks, notably the European Central Bank, went beyond traditional monetary policy by implementing both aggressive asset purchases and negative interest rates.

  10. o

    FOMC Historical Document Collection

    • opendatabay.com
    .undefined
    Updated Jul 5, 2025
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    Datasimple (2025). FOMC Historical Document Collection [Dataset]. https://www.opendatabay.com/data/ai-ml/c763df9f-8b70-4928-9e16-61598c5f0ee8
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    .undefinedAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jul 5, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Datasimple
    License

    CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedicationhttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    Finance & Banking Analytics
    Description

    This dataset contains the textual data of Federal Reserve Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meeting statements and minutes. Its purpose is to provide a historical archive of communications from the US central bank, offering valuable context and insights into monetary policy decisions and economic outlooks over time. The dataset is regularly updated, ensuring access to the latest official communications.

    Columns

    • Date: This column specifies the date of the actual FOMC meeting.
    • Release Date: This indicates when the statement or minutes were officially released to the public. It is important to note that minutes are typically released with approximately a three-week lag from the meeting date.
    • Type: This column categorises the communication, distinguishing between a formal 'statement' and the more detailed 'minutes' of the meeting.
    • Text: This contains the full textual content of each communication release, whether it is a statement or minutes.

    Distribution

    The dataset is typically provided in a CSV (Comma Separated Values) format. It includes communications from 2 February 2000 to 18 June 2025. The file is updated on a weekly basis with new data sourced directly from the Federal Reserve website. Based on available information, there are approximately 420 records within the specified date range. The dataset comprises roughly 52% minutes and 48% statements.

    Usage

    This dataset is ideal for various applications and use cases, particularly within finance, banking, and economics. It can be used for: * Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as sentiment analysis or topic modelling on central bank communications. * Economic research to analyse policy shifts, communication strategies, and their impact on financial markets. * Financial modelling and forecasting, by integrating insights from official monetary policy communications. * Academic studies on central banking, macroeconomic policy, and financial history.

    Coverage

    The dataset covers the period from 2 February 2000 to 18 June 2025, providing an extensive historical record of FOMC communications. While the content focuses on US monetary policy, which is inherently US-centric, the dataset's availability is global, making it accessible to users worldwide. There are no specific notes on data availability for certain demographic groups or years, as the data represents official public releases.

    License

    CC0

    Who Can Use It

    This dataset is designed for a wide range of users, including: * Financial analysts and economists seeking to understand and forecast monetary policy decisions. * Data scientists and machine learning engineers developing NLP models for financial text. * Academic researchers in economics, finance, and political science studying central bank behaviour and communication. * Government policy advisors interested in historical policy decisions and their effects. * Journalists and media professionals reporting on economic and financial news.

    Dataset Name Suggestions

    • Federal Reserve FOMC Communications Archive
    • US Monetary Policy Statements and Minutes
    • Central Bank Economic Communications
    • FOMC Historical Document Collection

    Attributes

    Original Data Source: FOMC Meeting Statements & Minutes

  11. Monthly inflation rate and Federal Reserve interest rate in the U.S....

    • statista.com
    • ai-chatbox.pro
    Updated Jun 23, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Monthly inflation rate and Federal Reserve interest rate in the U.S. 2018-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1312060/us-inflation-rate-federal-reserve-interest-rate-monthly/
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Jun 23, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Jan 2018 - Mar 2024
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    The inflation rate in the United States declined significantly between June 2022 and May 2025, despite rising inflationary pressures towards the end of 2024. The peak inflation rate was recorded in June 2022, at *** percent. In August 2023, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hit its highest level during the observed period, at **** percent, and remained unchanged until September 2024, when the Federal Reserve implemented its first rate cut since September 2021. By January 2025, the rate dropped to **** percent, signalling a shift in monetary policy. What is the Federal Reserve interest rate? The Federal Reserve interest rate, or the federal funds rate, is the rate at which banks and credit unions lend to and borrow from each other. It is one of the Federal Reserve's key tools for maintaining strong employment rates, stable prices, and reasonable interest rates. The rate is determined by the Federal Reserve and adjusted eight times a year, though it can be changed through emergency meetings during times of crisis. The Fed doesn't directly control the interest rate but sets a target rate. It then uses open market operations to influence rates toward this target. Ways of measuring inflation Inflation is typically measured using several methods, with the most common being the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI tracks the price of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, providing a measure of the price changes consumers face. At the end of 2023, the CPI in the United States was ****** percent, up from ****** a year earlier. A more business-focused measure is the producer price index (PPI), which represents the costs of firms.

  12. o

    Replication data for: Rewriting Monetary Policy 101: What's the Fed's...

    • openicpsr.org
    Updated Nov 1, 2015
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    Jane E. Ihrig; Ellen E. Meade; Gretchen C. Weinbach (2015). Replication data for: Rewriting Monetary Policy 101: What's the Fed's Preferred Post-Crisis Approach to Raising Interest Rates? [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/E113959V1
    Explore at:
    Dataset updated
    Nov 1, 2015
    Dataset provided by
    American Economic Association
    Authors
    Jane E. Ihrig; Ellen E. Meade; Gretchen C. Weinbach
    Description

    For many years prior to the global financial crisis, the Federal Open Market Committee set a target for the federal funds rate and achieved that target through small purchases and sales of securities in the open market. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, with a superabundant level of reserve balances in the banking system having been created as a result of the Federal Reserve's large-scale asset purchase programs, this approach to implementing monetary policy will no longer work. This paper provides a primer on the Fed's implementation of monetary policy. We use the standard textbook model to illustrate why the approach used by the Federal Reserve before the financial crisis to keep the federal funds rate near the Federal Open Market Committee's target will not work in current circumstances, and explain the approach that the Committee intends to use instead when it decides to begin raising short-term interest rates.

  13. F

    Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Monetary Policy

    • fred.stlouisfed.org
    json
    Updated Jun 3, 2025
    + more versions
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    (2025). Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Monetary Policy [Dataset]. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/EMVMONETARYPOL
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    jsonAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 3, 2025
    License

    https://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domainhttps://fred.stlouisfed.org/legal/#copyright-public-domain

    Description

    Graph and download economic data for Equity Market Volatility Tracker: Monetary Policy (EMVMONETARYPOL) from Jan 1985 to May 2025 about volatility, uncertainty, equity, and USA.

  14. M

    Federal Funds Rate (1954-2025)

    • macrotrends.net
    csv
    Updated Jun 30, 2025
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    MACROTRENDS (2025). Federal Funds Rate (1954-2025) [Dataset]. https://www.macrotrends.net/3247/federal-funds-rate
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    csvAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Jun 30, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    MACROTRENDS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    1954 - 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    Daily Federal Funds Rate from 1928-1954 (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/categories/33951).

    The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. When a depository institution has surplus balances in its reserve account, it lends to other banks in need of larger balances. In simpler terms, a bank with excess cash, which is often referred to as liquidity, will lend to another bank that needs to quickly raise liquidity. (1) The rate that the borrowing institution pays to the lending institution is determined between the two banks; the weighted average rate for all of these types of negotiations is called the effective federal funds rate.(2) The effective federal funds rate is essentially determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target.(2) The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate. As previously stated, this rate influences the effective federal funds rate through open market operations or by buying and selling of government bonds (government debt).(2) More specifically, the Federal Reserve decreases liquidity by selling government bonds, thereby raising the federal funds rate because banks have less liquidity to trade with other banks. Similarly, the Federal Reserve can increase liquidity by buying government bonds, decreasing the federal funds rate because banks have excess liquidity for trade. Whether the Federal Reserve wants to buy or sell bonds depends on the state of the economy. If the FOMC believes the economy is growing too fast and inflation pressures are inconsistent with the dual mandate of the Federal Reserve, the Committee may set a higher federal funds rate target to temper economic activity. In the opposing scenario, the FOMC may set a lower federal funds rate target to spur greater economic activity. Therefore, the FOMC must observe the current state of the economy to determine the best course of monetary policy that will maximize economic growth while adhering to the dual mandate set forth by Congress. In making its monetary policy decisions, the FOMC considers a wealth of economic data, such as: trends in prices and wages, employment, consumer spending and income, business investments, and foreign exchange markets. The federal funds rate is the central interest rate in the U.S. financial market. It influences other interest rates such as the prime rate, which is the rate banks charge their customers with higher credit ratings. Additionally, the federal funds rate indirectly influences longer- term interest rates such as mortgages, loans, and savings, all of which are very important to consumer wealth and confidence.(2) References (1) Federal Reserve Bank of New York. "Federal funds." Fedpoints, August 2007. (2) Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. "Monetary Policy (https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy.htm)".

    For questions on the data, please contact the data source (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/ContactUs/feedback.aspx?refurl=/releases/h15/%). For questions on FRED functionality, please contact us here (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/contactus/).

  15. J

    Nonlinearity in the Fed's monetary policy rule (replication data)

    • journaldata.zbw.eu
    txt, zip
    Updated Dec 8, 2022
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    Dong Heon Kim; Denise R. Osborn; Marianne Sensier; Dong Heon Kim; Denise R. Osborn; Marianne Sensier (2022). Nonlinearity in the Fed's monetary policy rule (replication data) [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.15456/jae.2022319.0709185450
    Explore at:
    txt(3398), zip(72087)Available download formats
    Dataset updated
    Dec 8, 2022
    Dataset provided by
    ZBW - Leibniz Informationszentrum Wirtschaft
    Authors
    Dong Heon Kim; Denise R. Osborn; Marianne Sensier; Dong Heon Kim; Denise R. Osborn; Marianne Sensier
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    This paper investigates the nature of nonlinearities in the monetary policy rule of the US Federal Reserve (Fed) using the flexible approach to nonlinear inference. We find that while there is significant evidence of nonlinearity for the period to 1979, there is little such evidence for the subsequent period. Possible asymmetries in the Fed's reactions to inflation deviations from target and the output gap in the 1960s and 1970s may tell part of the story, but do not capture the entire nature of the nonlinearity. The inclusion of the interaction between inflation deviations and the output gap, as recently proposed, appears to characterize the nonlinear policy rule more adequately.

  16. m

    Data and Code for: The Federal Reserve's Response to the Global Financial...

    • data.mendeley.com
    Updated Jun 12, 2023
    + more versions
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    Arnaud Cedric KAMKOUM (2023). Data and Code for: The Federal Reserve's Response to the Global Financial Crisis and Its Long-Term Impact: An Interrupted Time-Series Natural Experimental Analysis [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.17632/73cd6mk4dz.1
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    Dataset updated
    Jun 12, 2023
    Authors
    Arnaud Cedric KAMKOUM
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    This file contains the data and code for the publication "The Federal Reserve's Response to the Global Financial Crisis and Its Long-Term Impact: An Interrupted Time-Series Natural Experimental Analysis" by A. C. Kamkoum, 2023.

  17. U.S. Fed Funds Target Rate

    • kaggle.com
    Updated Nov 16, 2023
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    Aniket Patil (2023). U.S. Fed Funds Target Rate [Dataset]. https://www.kaggle.com/aniketkolte04/u-s-fed-funds-target-rate/discussion
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    CroissantCroissant is a format for machine-learning datasets. Learn more about this at mlcommons.org/croissant.
    Dataset updated
    Nov 16, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Kagglehttp://kaggle.com/
    Authors
    Aniket Patil
    License

    MIT Licensehttps://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Dataset Description

    This dataset contains the actual and predicted federal funds target rate for the United States from 1990 to 2023. The federal funds target rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions lend their excess reserves to each other overnight. It is set by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and is a key tool used by the Federal Reserve to influence the economy.

    The dataset includes the following five columns:

    Release Date: The date on which the data was released by the Federal Reserve. Time: The time of day at which the data was released. Actual: The actual federal funds target rate. Predicted: The predicted federal funds target rate. Forecast: The forecast federal funds target rate.

    Data Usage

    This dataset can be used for a variety of purposes, including: - Analyzing trends in the federal funds target rate over time. - Forecasting the future path of the federal funds target rate. - Assessing the effectiveness of monetary policy. - Data Quality

    The data for this dataset is of high quality. The Federal Reserve is a reputable source of data and the data is updated regularly.

    Data Limitations

    The data for this dataset is limited to the United States. Additionally, the data does not include information on the factors that influenced the Federal Open Market Committee's decision to set the federal funds target rate.

  18. o

    Data and Code for: Does Monetary Policy Matter? The Narrative Approach after...

    • openicpsr.org
    Updated Mar 5, 2023
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    Christina D. Romer; David H. Romer (2023). Data and Code for: Does Monetary Policy Matter? The Narrative Approach after 35 Years [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/E185843V1
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    Dataset updated
    Mar 5, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    American Economic Association
    Authors
    Christina D. Romer; David H. Romer
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    The narrative approach to macroeconomic identification uses qualitative sources, such as newspapers or government records, to provide information that can help establish causal relationships. This paper discusses the requirements for rigorous narrative analysis using fresh research on the impact of monetary policy as the focal application. We read the historical minutes and transcripts of Federal Reserve policymaking meetings to identify significant contractionary and expansionary changes in monetary policy not taken in response to current or prospective developments in real activity for the period 1946 to 2016. We find that such monetary shocks have large and significant effects on unemployment, output, and inflation in the expected directions. Analysis of available policy records suggests that a contractionary monetary shock likely occurred in 2022. Based on the empirical estimates of the effect of previous shocks, one would expect substantial negative impacts on real GDP and inflation in 2023 and 2024.

  19. T

    United States - Economic Policy Uncertainty : Categorical : Monetary policy

    • tradingeconomics.com
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated May 17, 2025
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2025). United States - Economic Policy Uncertainty : Categorical : Monetary policy [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/economic-policy-uncertainty-index-categorical-index-monetary-policy-fed-data.html
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    excel, csv, json, xmlAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 17, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 1976 - Dec 31, 2025
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    United States - Economic Policy Uncertainty : Categorical : Monetary policy was 444.37323 Index in March of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Economic Policy Uncertainty : Categorical : Monetary policy reached a record high of 444.37323 in March of 2025 and a record low of 16.57451 in September of 1997. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Economic Policy Uncertainty : Categorical : Monetary policy - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

  20. Does the Fed's New Policy of Immediate Disclosure Affect the Market? -...

    • search.gesis.org
    Updated Oct 29, 2021
    + more versions
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    Thornton, Daniel L. (2021). Does the Fed's New Policy of Immediate Disclosure Affect the Market? - Version 1 [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR01170.v1
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    Dataset updated
    Oct 29, 2021
    Dataset provided by
    Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Researchhttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/pages/
    GESIS search
    Authors
    Thornton, Daniel L.
    License

    https://search.gesis.org/research_data/datasearch-httpwww-da-ra-deoaip--oaioai-da-ra-de433733https://search.gesis.org/research_data/datasearch-httpwww-da-ra-deoaip--oaioai-da-ra-de433733

    Description

    Abstract (en): The purpose of the data is to investigate whether and how financial markets have responded to the change in the Federal Open Market Commission (FOMC) disclosure policy, specifically, whether the policy of immediate disclosure has created an announcement effect and whether the policy of immediate disclosure has increased or reduced financial market uncertainty. (1) The files submitted are ND96DATA.DT and ND96PGM.DT, both in ASCII text format. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator(s) if further information is desired.

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Statista (2025). Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1121448/fed-balance-sheet-timeline/
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Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2025

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3 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
Dataset updated
Jul 2, 2025
Dataset authored and provided by
Statistahttp://statista.com/
Time period covered
Aug 1, 2007 - Jun 25, 2025
Area covered
United States
Description

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by June 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

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