The monetary base typically is defined as a measure of the money-supply impulseoriginating from the stock of high-powered, central-bank money. In addition to nonbanks’ demand for hand-to-hand currency, banks have demanded base money in the United States since 1913 to satisfy two needs. One is a reserve need, to fulfill a Federal Reserve regulatory requirement. The other is an operational need, to protect against teller shortages of coin and currency and against daylight and overnight overdrafts of banks’ accounts at Reserve Banks. As the level of reserve requirements declines, the aggregate demand for base money originating from banks reflects reserve requirements less and less, and reflects operating needs more and more. Moreover, the adjusted measure of the monetary base, combining the quantity of base money with an adjustment for changes in reserve requirements, becomes unreliable. It includes adjustments for banks that are, infact, unaffected by changes in reserve requirements.

Graph and download economic data for Large Bank Definition by Total Assets (SUBLPDMCONQ) from Q1 1989 to Q4 2025 about large, assets, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

United States - Defined Contribution Plans for Monetary Authorities-Central Bank, All Establishments, Employer Firms (DISCONTINUED) was 139.00000 Mil. of $ in January of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Defined Contribution Plans for Monetary Authorities-Central Bank, All Establishments, Employer Firms (DISCONTINUED) reached a record high of 139.00000 in January of 2017 and a record low of 104.00000 in January of 2012. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Defined Contribution Plans for Monetary Authorities-Central Bank, All Establishments, Employer Firms (DISCONTINUED) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on October of 2025.

United States - Defined Benefit Pension Plans for Monetary Authorities-Central Bank, All Establishments, Employer Firms (DISCONTINUED) was 142.00000 Mil. of $ in January of 2017, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Defined Benefit Pension Plans for Monetary Authorities-Central Bank, All Establishments, Employer Firms (DISCONTINUED) reached a record high of 187.00000 in January of 2013 and a record low of 142.00000 in January of 2017. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Defined Benefit Pension Plans for Monetary Authorities-Central Bank, All Establishments, Employer Firms (DISCONTINUED) - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Defined Contribution Plans for Monetary Authorities-Central Bank, All Establishments, Employer Firms (DISCONTINUED) (EXPDCPEF521ALLEST) from 2012 to 2017 about pension, contributions, employer firms, establishments, expenditures, services, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

United States FRBOP: 3Mo TBillsRate over Next-Qtr CPE Inflation: Mean: Plus 2 Qtrs data was reported at 0.075 % in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.148 % for Mar 2018. United States FRBOP: 3Mo TBillsRate over Next-Qtr CPE Inflation: Mean: Plus 2 Qtrs data is updated quarterly, averaging -1.296 % from Mar 2007 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.893 % in Mar 2007 and a record low of -1.965 % in Jun 2012. United States FRBOP: 3Mo TBillsRate over Next-Qtr CPE Inflation: Mean: Plus 2 Qtrs data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.M006: Treasury Bills Rates: Forecast: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

Overview with Chart & Report: The trimmed average PCE inflation rate is an alternative measure of the core inflation in the price index of private consumption expenditure (PCE). Trimming limits upper and lower extremes results in

We provide explanations of basic and fundamental concepts on the definition of inflation, measurement of inflation, costs of inflation, the importance of measuring and controlling inflation, the role of the Federal Reserve in inflation, and other concepts such as price indexes, hyperinflation, trend and underlying inflation, measures of inflation like CPI, core CPI, median CPI, trimmed-mean CPI, PCE, core PCE, and trimmed-mean PCE.

A historical look at the origin and uses of the word inflation, arguing that although the term has become nearly synonymous with “price increase,” its original meaning - a rise in the general price level caused by an imbalance between the quantity of money and trade needs - is the definition driving many of those who advocate an anti-inflation policy for the Federal Reserve.

Graph and download economic data for Defined Benefit Pension Funds; Pension Entitlements (Total Liabilities), Level (BOGZ1FL594190045A) from 1945 to 2024 about pension, benefits, liabilities, and USA.

Learn the differences between the consumer price index (CPI) and the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index. Find out what measures are used to gauge underlying inflation, or the long-term trend in prices, such as median and trimmed-mean inflation rates and core inflation.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland works on regional and national levels to strengthen the US economy. Learn about our responsibilities and the services we deliver.

United States FRBOP: 3Mo TBills over Same & Next Qtrs Ave Core CPE Inflation: Mean data was reported at -0.218 % in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.385 % for Mar 2018. United States FRBOP: 3Mo TBills over Same & Next Qtrs Ave Core CPE Inflation: Mean data is updated quarterly, averaging -1.183 % from Mar 2007 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.972 % in Mar 2007 and a record low of -1.787 % in Sep 2014. United States FRBOP: 3Mo TBills over Same & Next Qtrs Ave Core CPE Inflation: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.M006: Treasury Bills Rates: Forecast: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

Median Consumer Price Index is a part of the Median CPI indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Total Financial Assets, Level (BOGZ1FL344090045Q) from Q4 1945 to Q2 2025 about retirement, benefits, federal, assets, and USA.

United States FRBOP: 3Mo TBills over Same & Next Qtrs Ave(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductPI Inflation: Mean data was reported at -0.547 % in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.747 % for Mar 2018. United States FRBOP: 3Mo TBills over Same & Next Qtrs Ave(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductPI Inflation: Mean data is updated quarterly, averaging -1.478 % from Mar 2007 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.714 % in Jun 2007 and a record low of -2.027 % in Sep 2014. United States FRBOP: 3Mo TBills over Same & Next Qtrs Ave(GDP) Gross Domestic ProductPI Inflation: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.M006: Treasury Bills Rates: Forecast: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Treasury Securities; Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FA343061165A) from 1946 to 2024 about retirement, benefits, transactions, Treasury, securities, federal, assets, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Government; Other Loans and Advances Due to Federal Government Defined Contribution Retirement Funds; Liability, Transactions (BOGZ1FA313169003A) from 1946 to 2024 about transactions, liabilities, federal, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Gross Domestic Product: Implicit Price Deflator (GDPDEF) from Q1 1947 to Q2 2025 about implicit price deflator, headline figure, inflation, GDP, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Government Defined Contribution Retirement Funds; Treasury Securities Held by Thrift Savings Plan F Fund; Asset, Level (BOGZ1FL343061113A) from 1945 to 2024 about thrifts, retirement, contributions, savings, Treasury, securities, federal, assets, depository institutions, and USA.