Content

More details about each file are in the individual file descriptions.

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the Federal Reserve organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by Loïc Mermilliod on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

Content

Effective Date.

Early historical data for this series include the following:

1929 range of 5.5 to 6 1930 range of 3.5 to 6 1931 range of 2.75 to 5 1932 range of 3.25 to 4 1933 range of 1.5 to 4 1934 (date uncertain) value of 1.5 1935 (date uncertain) value of 1.5 1947-12 (specific date uncertain) value of 1.75 1948-08 (specific date uncertain) value of 2 1950-09-22: 2.25 1951-01-08: 2.5 1951-10-17: 2.75 1951-12-19: 3 1953-04-27: 3.25 1954-03-17: 3

EFFECTIVE 4/16/73 DUAL PRIME RATE

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the Federal Reserve organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

• Observation Start: 1955-08-04

• Observation End : 2019-10-31

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by lucas Favre on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

Content

This series has been discontinued and will no longer be updated. It was a duplicate of the following series, which will continue to be updated: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WSHOMCB

The current face value of mortgage-backed obligations held by Federal Reserve Banks. These securities are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae.

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the Federal Reserve organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

• Observation Start: 2002-12-18

• Observation End : 2018-06-13

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by Rob Sarmiento on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

Under the Bank Holding Company Act, submission of this application is required for any company organized under the laws of a foreign country seeking to acquire a U.S. subsidiary bank or bank holding company. Applicants must provide financial and managerial information, discuss the competitive effects of the proposed transaction, and discuss how the proposed transaction would enhance the convenience and needs of the community to be served. The Federal Reserve uses the information, in part, to fulfill its supervisory responsibilities with respect to foreign banking organizations in the United States.

International journal of central banking Impact Factor 2024-2025 - ResearchHelpDesk - International journal of central banking - In July 2004, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the European Central Bank, and each of the Group of Ten* (G-10) central banks announced their plans to support the development of a new publication focused on central bank theory and practice. Other central banks were invited to participate in this joint project, and there are now 55 sponsoring institutions. From its initiation, the sponsors were committed to ensuring that the International Journal of Central Banking (IJCB) offer peer-reviewed articles of high analytical quality for a professional audience. The primary objectives of the IJCB are to widely disseminate the best policy-relevant and applied research on central banking and to promote communication among researchers both inside and outside of central banks. Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., then Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, first proposed the idea of such a journal and discussed the concept with several BIS colleagues and with Ben S. Bernanke, then Chair of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, who agreed to serve as the initial managing editor. Charles Bean, then Chief Economist of the Bank of England, strongly supported the project, and the journal's governing body, comprising representatives from the sponsoring institutions, was established. The journal's managing editor, co-editors and associate editors coordinate solicitation and review of articles across a range of disciplines reflecting the missions of central banks around the world. While featuring policy-relevant articles on any aspect of the theory and practice of central banking, the publication has a special emphasis on research bearing on monetary and financial stability. Managing editors of the journal and their affiliations during their terms as managing editor: Ben S. Bernanke 2000 - 2005, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System John B. Taylor 2005 - 2007, Stanford University Frank Smets 2008 - 2010, European Central Bank John C. Williams 2011 - 2016, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Loretta J. Mester 2016 - 2019, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Luc Laeven 2020 - present, European Central Bank

PGvsPI-43 plays a key role in discussions of banking supervision and wider financial regulation at the US Federal Reserve. The interview touches upon the relations between US regulators, global policymaking processes, and developments in the US markets (including desegmentation). The Financial Elite Policymakers Interviewed (FINEPINT) database consists of interviews with financial policymakers from advanced economies and emerging markets. The interviews touch upon both national-level regulatory developments and global-level policymaking processes, as well as the interactions between the two. Interviewees are officials from Ministries, Central Banks and Financial Supervisors, representatives of banking and financial associations, representatives of Civil Society Organizations, and officials from International Organizations working on global financial governance.The semi-structured interviews followed a standard format in which policymakers were asked about:1. The development of their negotiating positions, asking who is involved internally, how the positions are informed by external actors, and who are the main partners in the policymaking process.2. The developments in policymaking processes, asking what were the main drivers of new issues emerging on the agenda, what issues came up in policymaking processes, and who is influential in the policymaking processes.3. The outcomes, asking how the main issues in policymaking processes were resolved and what the expected impacts of new policies will be.Interviews were conducted from 1992 onwards, covering a period of profound changes in the global financial system and its governance. Broad topics that were the focal points of different waves of interviews were the interaction between public and private actors in global policymaking, the political economy of financial liberalization, the internationalization / globalization of financial markets and the regulatory response to this, the Basel Capital Accords, the resolution of sovereign debt crisis, and sustainable finance.Interviewees have been provided with the following options for the use of the transcript:• Quotation: direct quotes from the interview may be used and attributed in the reference.• Referencing, no quotation: interview may be refenced by name as support for a claim, but no direct quotes may be used.• No quotation or referencing: the interview may not be quoted or referenced by name.The principal investigators of the projects included in this database are prof. G.R.D. Underhill and dr. J. Blom. Data collection and development of this dataset has been made possible by:• NWO MaGW Open Competition grant ‘Public-private interaction and shifting patterns of governance’ (grant no. 400-04-233, prof. G.R.D. Underhill)• UKRI ESRC World Economy and Finance program grant ‘National and International Aspects of Financial Development’ (grant no. RES-156-25-0009).• EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship grant ‘G20LAP: G20 Legitimacy and Policymaking’ (grant agreement no. 845121, dr. J. Blom).

Content

The current face value of federal agency obligations held by Federal Reserve Banks. These securities are direct obligations of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Federal Home Loan Banks.

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the Federal Reserve organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

• Observation Start: 2002-12-18

• Observation End : 2019-12-18

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by Jason Briscoe on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

PGvsPI-43 plays a key role in discussions of banking supervision and wider financial regulation at the US Federal Reserve. The interview touches upon the relations between US regulators, global policymaking processes, and developments in the US markets (including desegmentation).

International journal of central banking FAQ - ResearchHelpDesk - International journal of central banking - In July 2004, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the European Central Bank, and each of the Group of Ten* (G-10) central banks announced their plans to support the development of a new publication focused on central bank theory and practice. Other central banks were invited to participate in this joint project, and there are now 55 sponsoring institutions. From its initiation, the sponsors were committed to ensuring that the International Journal of Central Banking (IJCB) offer peer-reviewed articles of high analytical quality for a professional audience. The primary objectives of the IJCB are to widely disseminate the best policy-relevant and applied research on central banking and to promote communication among researchers both inside and outside of central banks. Roger W. Ferguson, Jr., then Vice Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, first proposed the idea of such a journal and discussed the concept with several BIS colleagues and with Ben S. Bernanke, then Chair of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, who agreed to serve as the initial managing editor. Charles Bean, then Chief Economist of the Bank of England, strongly supported the project, and the journal's governing body, comprising representatives from the sponsoring institutions, was established. The journal's managing editor, co-editors and associate editors coordinate solicitation and review of articles across a range of disciplines reflecting the missions of central banks around the world. While featuring policy-relevant articles on any aspect of the theory and practice of central banking, the publication has a special emphasis on research bearing on monetary and financial stability. Managing editors of the journal and their affiliations during their terms as managing editor: Ben S. Bernanke 2000 - 2005, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System John B. Taylor 2005 - 2007, Stanford University Frank Smets 2008 - 2010, European Central Bank John C. Williams 2011 - 2016, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Loretta J. Mester 2016 - 2019, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Luc Laeven 2020 - present, European Central Bank

Ten-Year TIPS Yields versus Real Yields is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

Abstract (en): This paper was prepared for the Homer Jones Lecture, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, March 28, 2001. The author addresses the influence of monetarism and the role of money in making monetary policy. The monetarist idea that monetary policy has primary responsibility for inflation is now conventional wisdom. However, monetary aggregates are largely absent from models used by policy analysts and from currency monetary policy debates (at least in the United States). The author concludes with a discussion of whether current models and current practice undervalue the role of money, specifically noting how monetary aggregates may become important again if market interest rates are driven to zero, as they have been recently in Japan. The file submitted is 0109lmd.xls, which shows data and/or calculations for figures in the article. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator(s) if further information is desired.

For many years, economics researchers have discussed the importance of sharing code and data files to ensure replicability. The discussion, however, rarely includes questions about long-term access to those files. This paper looks in-depth at the code and data policies from top economics journals to understand the guidance provided to researchers regarding data sharing and asks if that guidance supports preservation of code and data files for access and use, long into the future. We used content analysis to review journal policies from 184 economics journals. We discovered that while most journals recommend code and data be released with papers and that a few journals recommend practices consistent with long-term preservation, almost no journals specifically or emphatically consider long-term preservation of those files.

We report average expected inflation rates over the next one through 30 years. Our estimates of expected inflation rates are calculated using a Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland model that combines financial data and survey-based measures. Released monthly.

Expected Inflation Term Structure is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

Evidence suggests that judgment variance is greater when the true value is more extreme. These patterns are, unlike the patterns presented in Table 2 - Table 7, inconsistent with predictions of the AQ model under the applied assumptions. The discussion section includes an explanation of why these patterns may occur using AQ model logic.Testing H7: No association between var(eT) and .

Graph and download economic data for Nominal Broad U.S. Dollar Index (DTWEXBGS) from 2006-01-02 to 2025-07-25 about trade-weighted, broad, exchange rate, currency, goods, services, rate, indexes, and USA.

In May 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 20 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.1 percent in May 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 9.9 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

Content

Series is calculated as the spread between 3-Month LIBOR based on US dollars (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/USD3MTD156N) and 3-Month Treasury Bill (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DTB3). The series is lagged by one week because the LIBOR series is lagged by one week due to an agreement with the source. Starting with the update on June 21, 2019, the Treasury bond data used in calculating interest rate spreads is obtained directly from the U.S. Treasury Department (https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield).

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the St. Louis Fed organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

• Observation Start: 1986-01-02

• Observation End : 2019-12-04

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by Sidharth Bhatia on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

Ten-Year Expected Inflation and Real and Inflation Risk Premia is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

Graph and download economic data for NBER based Recession Indicators for the United States from the Period following the Peak through the Trough (USREC) from Dec 1854 to Jun 2025 about peak, trough, recession indicators, and USA.