Graph and download economic data for Assets: Securities Held Outright: U.S. Treasury Securities: All: Wednesday Level (TREAST) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-11-26 about maturity, Treasury, securities, and USA.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by October 29, 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic—both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S.—showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by August 2025, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in August 2023, before the first rate cut since September 2021 occurred in September 2024. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2024, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Graph and download economic data for Repurchase Agreements: Treasury Securities Purchased by the Federal Reserve in the Temporary Open Market Operations (RPTSYD) from 2000-01-03 to 2025-12-02 about repurchase agreements, purchase, trade, Treasury, securities, and USA.

View the total value of the assets of all Federal Reserve Banks as reported in the weekly balance sheet.

Graph and download economic data for Assets: Securities Held Outright: U.S. Treasury Securities: Maturing in over 10 Years: Wednesday Level (TREAS10Y) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-11-26 about 10 years +, maturity, Treasury, securities, and USA.

As of December 2024, Japan held United States treasury securities totaling about 1.06 trillion U.S. dollars. Foreign holders of United States treasury debt According to the Federal Reserve and U.S. Department of the Treasury, foreign countries held a total of 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars in U.S. treasury securities as of December 2024. Of the total held by foreign countries, Japan and Mainland China held the greatest portions, with China holding 759 billion U.S. dollars in U.S. securities. The U.S. public debt In 2023, the United States had a total public national debt of 33.2 trillion U.S. dollars, an amount that has been rising steadily, particularly since 2008. In 2023, the total interest expense on debt held by the public of the United States reached 678 billion U.S. dollars, while 197 billion U.S. dollars in interest expense were intra governmental debt holdings. Total outlays of the U.S. government were 6.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2023. By 2029, spending is projected to reach 8.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

Graph and download economic data for Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed (DFII30) from 2010-02-22 to 2025-11-28 about TIPS, 30-year, maturity, Treasury, securities, interest rate, interest, real, rate, and USA.

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, the Board's emergency lending facilities have provided a critical backstop. The Board launched a centralized 13(3) Lending Facilities Data Repository on November 6, 2020 to bring together the emergency lending facilities data from different systems and databases. The Federal Reserve established the Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facility (SMCCF) on March 23, 2020, to support credit to employers by providing liquidity to the market for outstanding corporate bonds. The SMCCF supports market liquidity by purchasing in the secondary market corporate bonds issued by investment grade U.S. companies or certain U.S. companies that were investment grade as of March 22, 2020, as well as U.S.-listed exchange-traded funds whose investment objective is to provide broad exposure to the market for U.S. corporate bonds. The SMCCF's purchases of corporate bonds will create a portfolio that tracks a broad, diversified market index of U.S. corporate bonds. The Treasury, using funds appropriated to the ESF through the CARES Act, will make an equity investment in an SPV established by the Federal Reserve for the SMCCF and the Primary Market Corporate Credit Facility. The SMCCF ceased purchasing eligible assets on December 31, 2020.

As of July 22, 2025, the yield for a ten-year U.S. government bond was 4.38 percent, while the yield for a two-year bond was 3.88 percent. This represents an inverted yield curve, whereby bonds of longer maturities provide a lower yield, reflecting investors' expectations for a decline in long-term interest rates. Hence, making long-term debt holders open to more risk under the uncertainty around the condition of financial markets in the future. That markets are uncertain can be seen by considering both the short-term fluctuations, and the long-term downward trend, of the yields of U.S. government bonds from 2006 to 2021, before the treasury yield curve increased again significantly in the following years. What are government bonds? Government bonds, otherwise called ‘sovereign’ or ‘treasury’ bonds, are financial instruments used by governments to raise money for government spending. Investors give the government a certain amount of money (the ‘face value’), to be repaid at a specified time in the future (the ‘maturity date’). In addition, the government makes regular periodic interest payments (called ‘coupon payments’). Once initially issued, government bonds are tradable on financial markets, meaning their value can fluctuate over time (even though the underlying face value and coupon payments remain the same). Investors are attracted to government bonds as, provided the country in question has a stable economy and political system, they are a very safe investment. Accordingly, in periods of economic turmoil, investors may be willing to accept a negative overall return in order to have a safe haven for their money. For example, once the market value is compared to the total received from remaining interest payments and the face value, investors have been willing to accept a negative return on two-year German government bonds between 2014 and 2021. Conversely, if the underlying economy and political structures are weak, investors demand a higher return to compensate for the higher risk they take on. Consequently, the return on bonds in emerging markets like Brazil are consistently higher than that of the United States (and other developed economies). Inverted yield curves When investors are worried about the financial future, it can lead to what is called an ‘inverted yield curve’. An inverted yield curve is where investors pay more for short term bonds than long term, indicating they do not have confidence in long-term financial conditions. Historically, the yield curve has historically inverted before each of the last five U.S. recessions. The last U.S. yield curve inversion occurred at several brief points in 2019 – a trend which continued until the Federal Reserve cut interest rates several times over that year. However, the ultimate trigger for the next recession was the unpredicted, exogenous shock of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, showing how such informal indicators may be grounded just as much in coincidence as causation.

These rates are the daily secondary market quotation on the most recently auctioned Treasury Bills for each maturity tranche (4-week, 13-week, 26-week, and 52-week) that Treasury currently issues new Bills. Market quotations are obtained at approximately 3:30 PM each business day by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The Bank Discount rate is the rate at which a Bill is quoted in the secondary market and is based on the par value, amount of the discount and a 360-day year. The Coupon Equivalent, also called the Bond Equivalent, or the Investment Yield, is the bill's yield based on the purchase price, discount, and a 365- or 366-day year. The Coupon Equivalent can be used to compare the yield on a discount bill to the yield on a nominal coupon bond that pays semiannual interest. Data updated daily on weekdays.

United States Net Purchases: Outs: CFB: Federal Government data was reported at 0.492 USD bn in Jun 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.492 USD bn for Mar 2018. United States Net Purchases: Outs: CFB: Federal Government data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 267 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.880 USD bn in Dec 2010 and a record low of 0.000 USD bn in Mar 2009. United States Net Purchases: Outs: CFB: Federal Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB048: Funds by Instruments: Flows and Outstanding: Corporate and Foreign Bonds.

United States Net Purchases: Flow: saar: CFB: Federal Government data was reported at 0.000 USD bn in Mar 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States Net Purchases: Flow: saar: CFB: Federal Government data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.488 USD bn in Jun 2009 and a record low of -0.388 USD bn in Sep 2012. United States Net Purchases: Flow: saar: CFB: Federal Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB048: Funds by Instruments: Flows and Outstanding: Corporate and Foreign Bonds.

A table that shows in detail by CUSIP, the interest rate, the STRIP CUSIP, maturity date, and amounts outstanding for securities held in unstripped form, stripped form and amount that have been reconstituted. STRIP stands for Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities. This is a security that has been stripped down into separate securities representing the principal and each interest payment. Each payment has its own identification number and can be traded individually. These securities are also known as zero-coupon bonds.

United States Net Purchases: Outs: CFB: Federal Government Retirement Funds data was reported at 13.433 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.954 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States Net Purchases: Outs: CFB: Federal Government Retirement Funds data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.969 USD bn in Sep 2017 and a record low of 0.000 USD bn in Sep 1988. United States Net Purchases: Outs: CFB: Federal Government Retirement Funds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB048: Funds by Instruments: Flows and Outstanding: Corporate and Foreign Bonds.

United States Net Purchases: Flow: CFB: Federal Government Retirement Funds data was reported at -0.063 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of -0.016 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States Net Purchases: Flow: CFB: Federal Government Retirement Funds data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.711 USD bn in Sep 2003 and a record low of -1.497 USD bn in Sep 2005. United States Net Purchases: Flow: CFB: Federal Government Retirement Funds data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB048: Funds by Instruments: Flows and Outstanding: Corporate and Foreign Bonds.

Graph and download economic data for Assets: Securities Held Outright: Mortgage-Backed Securities: Wednesday Level (WSHOMCB) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-10-29 about outright, mortgage-backed, securities, assets, and USA.

A table that shows in detail by CUSIP, interest rate, the issue date, maturity date, interest payment dates and amounts outstanding for unmatured Bills, Notes, Bonds, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities and Floating Rate Notes as of the last business day of the month.

United States Net Purchases: Outs: Corporate & Foreign Bonds (CFB) data was reported at 13,055.445 USD bn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 12,951.128 USD bn for Dec 2017. United States Net Purchases: Outs: Corporate & Foreign Bonds (CFB) data is updated quarterly, averaging 756.131 USD bn from Dec 1951 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 266 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,055.445 USD bn in Mar 2018 and a record low of 44.858 USD bn in Dec 1951. United States Net Purchases: Outs: Corporate & Foreign Bonds (CFB) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.AB048: Funds by Instruments: Flows and Outstanding: Corporate and Foreign Bonds.

A table that shows details on marketable and non-marketable Treasury securities that are outstanding as of the last business day of the month.

The Fed is buying corporate bonds to enable larger businesses to access credit needed to maintain business operations during the COVID-19 pandemic.