Graph and download economic data for Assets: Securities Held Outright: U.S. Treasury Securities: All: Wednesday Level (TREAST) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-06-25 about maturity, securities, Treasury, and USA.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by May 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached * percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Graph and download economic data for Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity, Quoted on an Investment Basis, Inflation-Indexed (DFII30) from 2010-02-22 to 2025-06-26 about TIPS, 30-year, maturity, securities, Treasury, interest rate, interest, real, rate, and USA.

Daily Federal Funds Rate from 1928-1954 (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/categories/33951).

The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. When a depository institution has surplus balances in its reserve account, it lends to other banks in need of larger balances. In simpler terms, a bank with excess cash, which is often referred to as liquidity, will lend to another bank that needs to quickly raise liquidity. (1) The rate that the borrowing institution pays to the lending institution is determined between the two banks; the weighted average rate for all of these types of negotiations is called the effective federal funds rate.(2) The effective federal funds rate is essentially determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target.(2) The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate. As previously stated, this rate influences the effective federal funds rate through open market operations or by buying and selling of government bonds (government debt).(2) More specifically, the Federal Reserve decreases liquidity by selling government bonds, thereby raising the federal funds rate because banks have less liquidity to trade with other banks. Similarly, the Federal Reserve can increase liquidity by buying government bonds, decreasing the federal funds rate because banks have excess liquidity for trade. Whether the Federal Reserve wants to buy or sell bonds depends on the state of the economy. If the FOMC believes the economy is growing too fast and inflation pressures are inconsistent with the dual mandate of the Federal Reserve, the Committee may set a higher federal funds rate target to temper economic activity. In the opposing scenario, the FOMC may set a lower federal funds rate target to spur greater economic activity. Therefore, the FOMC must observe the current state of the economy to determine the best course of monetary policy that will maximize economic growth while adhering to the dual mandate set forth by Congress. In making its monetary policy decisions, the FOMC considers a wealth of economic data, such as: trends in prices and wages, employment, consumer spending and income, business investments, and foreign exchange markets. The federal funds rate is the central interest rate in the U.S. financial market. It influences other interest rates such as the prime rate, which is the rate banks charge their customers with higher credit ratings. Additionally, the federal funds rate indirectly influences longer- term interest rates such as mortgages, loans, and savings, all of which are very important to consumer wealth and confidence.(2) References (1) Federal Reserve Bank of New York. "Federal funds." Fedpoints, August 2007. (2) Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. "Monetary Policy (https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy.htm)".

For questions on the data, please contact the data source (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/ContactUs/feedback.aspx?refurl=/releases/h15/%). For questions on FRED functionality, please contact us here (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/contactus/).

Graph and download economic data for Total Fed Funds Sold and Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell, Domestically Chartered Commercial Banks (H8B3092NDMD) from 2010-01-06 to 2025-06-18 about purchase, securities, domestic, sales, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Repurchase Agreements: Treasury Securities Purchased by the Federal Reserve in the Temporary Open Market Operations (RPTSYD) from 2000-01-03 to 2025-06-27 about repurchase agreements, purchase, trade, securities, Treasury, and USA.

This item includes other Federal Reserve assets and non-float-related as-of adjustments. In addition to the as-of adjustments, there are many components in this category, including the following major items:

Assets denominated in foreign currencies: Foreign currencies are revalued to reflect movements in market exchange rates each day. If, in the revaluation, the value of the currency increases, then other Federal Reserve assets increase. On the other side of the balance sheet, "Other liabilities and capital" increase because the increase in value of the currency becomes earnings, which are reflected in the earnings category within the capital account. Other liabilities and capital decline in value as the earnings are removed from this category and the U.S. Treasury's general account increases because the funds are remitted to this account at the Reserve Banks. Since 1963, the Federal Reserve has occasionally agreed to warehouse foreign currency for the Treasury. In such transactions, the Federal Reserve takes the foreign currency from the Treasury in return for dollars provided to the Treasury. The Federal Reserve makes a spot purchase of the currency and protects the value of those currencies purchased by simultaneously selling the same amount of currencies forward at the same price to the Treasury.

When the Federal Reserve warehouses foreign currencies for the Treasury, both "other Federal Reserve assets" and "U.S. Treasury, general account" increase in value at the time of the spot transaction. Both accounts decline when the forward transaction is completed or when currencies are withdrawn from the warehousing arrangement prior to maturity.

Premiums paid on securities bought: This release reports Federal Reserve holdings of securities at face value, not necessarily at market value. If the Federal Reserve pays more than the face value for securities it purchased, the premiums over the face value are amortized as the securities mature. Part of the premium is transferred daily to the earnings category as a "negative earning." As the premium in "Other Federal Reserve assets" is reduced, a simultaneous balancing reduction is made in "Other liabilities and capital." Securities purchased at a premium over face value are accounted for in this way because, at maturity, the Federal Reserve Banks receive only the face amount of the securities, not the amount actually paid. The premiums paid on securities bought under repurchase agreements, though, are not amortized. These premiums are, in effect, returned to the Federal Reserve Banks when the securities are repurchased by the dealer, since the negotiated price in the original transaction reflects the premiums.

Accrued interest and other accounts receivable: This item represents the daily accumulation of interest earned on U.S. government securities--other than bills--owned by the Federal Reserve or held under repurchase agreements, on loans to depository institutions, and on foreign currency investments. Interest is accrued daily. Reserve Bank premises and operating equipment less allowances for depreciation: This item states the value, at initial cost, of the land and buildings of the Reserve Banks and branches less an allowance for depreciation on buildings, including building-related machinery and equipment.

Graph and download economic data for Repurchase Agreements: Federal Agency Securities Purchased by the Federal Reserve in the Temporary Open Market Operations (RPAGYD) from 2000-01-03 to 2025-06-23 about repurchase agreements, agency, purchase, trade, securities, federal, and USA.

In response to the COVID-19 crisis, the Board's emergency lending facilities have provided a critical backstop. The Board launched a centralized 13(3) Lending Facilities Data Repository on November 6, 2020 to bring together the emergency lending facilities data from different systems and databases. The Federal Reserve established the Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facility (SMCCF) on March 23, 2020, to support credit to employers by providing liquidity to the market for outstanding corporate bonds. The SMCCF supports market liquidity by purchasing in the secondary market corporate bonds issued by investment grade U.S. companies or certain U.S. companies that were investment grade as of March 22, 2020, as well as U.S.-listed exchange-traded funds whose investment objective is to provide broad exposure to the market for U.S. corporate bonds. The SMCCF's purchases of corporate bonds will create a portfolio that tracks a broad, diversified market index of U.S. corporate bonds. The Treasury, using funds appropriated to the ESF through the CARES Act, will make an equity investment in an SPV established by the Federal Reserve for the SMCCF and the Primary Market Corporate Credit Facility. The SMCCF ceased purchasing eligible assets on December 31, 2020.

View the total value of the assets of all Federal Reserve Banks as reported in the weekly balance sheet.

United States FB: NY: IBF Only: Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities data was reported at 460.000 USD mn in Dec 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 205.000 USD mn for Sep 2019. United States FB: NY: IBF Only: Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities data is updated quarterly, averaging 456.500 USD mn from Sep 2009 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 793.000 USD mn in Sep 2010 and a record low of 140.000 USD mn in Mar 2013. United States FB: NY: IBF Only: Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.KB044: Balance Sheet: Foreign Banks: New York.

United States FB: IL: IBF Only: Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in Dec 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for Sep 2019. United States FB: IL: IBF Only: Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Sep 2009 (Median) to Dec 2019, with 42 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in Dec 2019 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in Dec 2019. United States FB: IL: IBF Only: Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.KB046: Balance Sheet: Foreign Banks: Illinois.

Graph and download economic data for Repurchase Agreements: Total Securities Purchased by the Federal Reserve in the Temporary Open Market Operations (RPTTLD) from 2000-01-03 to 2025-06-20 about repurchase agreements, purchase, trade, securities, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Foreign and International Investors as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (HBFIGDQ188S) from Q1 1970 to Q1 2025 about foreign, debt, federal, GDP, and USA.

FB：AS：IBF Only：Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities在12-01-2019达460.000百万美元，相较于09-01-2019的205.000百万美元有所增长。FB：AS：IBF Only：Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities数据按季更新，09-01-2009至12-01-2019期间平均值为456.500百万美元，共42份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于09-01-2010，达793.000百万美元，而历史最低值则出现于03-01-2013，为140.000百万美元。CEIC提供的FB：AS：IBF Only：Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Federal Reserve Board，数据归类于全球数据库的美国 – 表 US.KB043：资产负债表：外资银行：所有国家。

Graph and download economic data for Overnight Reverse Repurchase Agreements: Treasury Securities Sold by the Federal Reserve in the Temporary Open Market Operations (RRPONTSYD) from 2003-02-07 to 2025-06-20 about reverse repos, overnight, trade, securities, Treasury, sales, and USA.

FB：CA：IBF Only：Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities在12-01-2019达0.000百万美元，相较于09-01-2019的0.000百万美元保持不变。FB：CA：IBF Only：Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities数据按季更新，09-01-2009至12-01-2019期间平均值为0.000百万美元，共42份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-2019，达0.000百万美元，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-2019，为0.000百万美元。CEIC提供的FB：CA：IBF Only：Loans for Purchasing or Carrying Securities数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Federal Reserve Board，数据归类于全球数据库的美国 – 表 US.KB045：资产负债表：外资银行：加利福尼亚。

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for United States (IRLTLT01USM156N) from Apr 1953 to May 2025 about long-term, 10-year, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Debt Held by Private Investors (FDHBPIN) from Q1 1970 to Q1 2025 about debt, federal, private, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Assets: Securities Held Outright: Mortgage-Backed Securities: Wednesday Level (WSHOMCB) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-06-11 about outright, mortgage-backed, securities, assets, and USA.