Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

We report average expected inflation rates over the next one through 30 years. Our estimates of expected inflation rates are calculated using a Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland model that combines financial data and survey-based measures. Released monthly.

The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland provides daily “nowcasts” of inflation for two popular price indexes, the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCE) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). These nowcasts give a sense of where inflation is today. Released each business day.

Graph and download economic data for Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index (PCEPI) from Jan 1959 to Feb 2026 about headline figure, chained, PCE, consumption expenditures, consumption, personal, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy in U.S. City Average (CPILFESL) from Jan 1957 to Mar 2026 about core, headline figure, all items, urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

In 2025, the annual rate of inflation in the United States, was *** percent. This reflected a further slowing in inflation after the 2024 rate reached *** percent. Most recently, U.S. inflation peaked in 2022 at * percent. What is inflation? Inflation measures the rate of change in the prices of goods and services in the economy. The most common gauge for this is the consumer price index (CPI). When inflation is high, it decreases the purchasing power of money, meaning that each dollar can buy a little less than it did before. This is why high inflation is so disruptive. It erodes the value of people’s incomes. Inflation and purchasing power Interest rates are policymakers' main tool for taming inflation. In the U.S. the Federal Reserve has the capacity to set the federal interest rate. Raising interest rates limits the supply of money in the economy, which can slow price increases. After COVID-19 lockdowns, government stimulus checks increased households' access to cash, driving up demand. At the same time, supply chain bottlenecks reduced the supply of goods available to buy. This resulted in a price spike after years of relative stability.

Expected Inflation Term Structure is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

Ten-Year TIPS Yields versus Real Yields is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

In 2025, the average inflation rate in the United States was 2.73 percent. Between 1980 and 2025, the figure dropped by 10.77 percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The inflation is forecast to decline by 0.55 percentage points from 2025 to 2031, fluctuating as it trends downward.This indicator measures inflation based upon the year-on-year change in the average consumer price index, expressed in percent. The latter expresses a country's average level of prices based on a typical basket of consumer goods and services.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food at Home in U.S. City Average (CUSR0000SAF11) from Jan 1952 to Mar 2026 about food, urban, consumer, CPI, housing, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Ten-Year Expected Inflation and Real and Inflation Risk Premia is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar in U.S. City Average (CUUR0000SA0R) from Jan 1913 to Mar 2026 about urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

In February 2026, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2025. In February 2026, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at **** percent, while Japan retained the lowest at **** percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. Sweden had the lowest inflation rate at *** percent in February 2026. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of *** percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in late 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from **** percent in September 2019 to *** percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2024 and 2025.

Inflation Nowcasting Quarterly is a part of the Inflation Nowcasting indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

Graph and download economic data for Research Consumer Price Index: All Items (CPIEALL) from Dec 1982 to Mar 2026 about 62 and older, consumer prices, all items, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy (Chain-Type Price Index) (PCEPILFE) from Jan 1959 to Feb 2026 about core, headline figure, chained, energy, PCE, consumption expenditures, consumption, personal, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Real interest rates describe the growth in the real value of the interest on a loan or deposit, adjusted for inflation. Nominal interest rates on the other hand show us the raw interest rate, which is unadjusted for inflation. If the inflation rate in a certain country were zero percent, the real and nominal interest rates would be the same number. As inflation reduces the real value of a loan, however, a positive inflation rate will mean that the nominal interest rate is more likely to be greater than the real interest rate. We can see this in the recent inflationary episode which has taken place in the wake of the Coronavirus pandemic, with nominal interest rates rising over the course of 2022, but still lagging far behind the rate of inflation, meaning these rate rises register as smaller increases in the real interest rate.

Consumer Price Index CPI in the United States increased to 330.21 points in March from 326.79 points in February of 2026. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Consumer Price Index (CPI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities (PPIACO) from Jan 1913 to Mar 2026 about commodities, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Median Consumer Price Index is a part of the Median CPI indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.