View the total value of the assets of all Federal Reserve Banks as reported in the weekly balance sheet.

Graph and download economic data for Reserves of Depository Institutions: Total (TOTRESNS) from Jan 1959 to May 2025 about adjusted, reserves, and USA.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by June 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) is normally a triennial cross-sectional survey of U.S. families. The survey data include information on families' balance sheets, pensions, income, and demographic characteristics.

Graph and download economic data for Monetary Base: Total (BOGMBASE) from Jan 1959 to May 2025 about monetary base and USA.

The Board’s Regulation XX - Concentration Limit (12 CFR Part 251) implements section 14 of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (BHC Act), which establishes a financial sector concentration limit that generally prohibits a financial company from merging or consolidating with, or otherwise acquiring, another company if the resulting company’s liabilities upon consummation would exceed 10 percent of the aggregate liabilities of all financial companies (a covered acquisition). Under section 14 of the BHC Act and Regulation XX, a financial company means (1) an insured depository institution, (2) a bank holding company, (3) a savings and loan holding company, (4) any other company that controls an insured depository institution, (5) a nonbank financial company designated by the Financial Stability Oversight Council (Council) for supervision by the Board, or (6) a foreign bank or company that is treated as a bank holding company for purposes of the BHC Act. Regulation XX includes certain reporting requirements that apply to financial companies, and the FR XX-1 report collects information from certain financial companies that do not otherwise report consolidated financial information to the Board or another Federal banking agency.

Daily rates for commercial paper are provided for the AA nonfinancial, A2/P2 nonfinancial, AA financial, and AA asset-backed categories. The criteria that determine which issues are included in the rate categories are detailed in the Rate Calculations section of the About page of this release.

The U.S. federal funds rate peaked in 2023 at its highest level since the 2007-08 financial crisis, reaching 5.33 percent by December 2023. A significant shift in monetary policy occurred in the second half of 2024, with the Federal Reserve implementing regular rate cuts. By December 2024, the rate had declined to 4.48 percent. What is a central bank rate? The federal funds rate determines the cost of overnight borrowing between banks, allowing them to maintain necessary cash reserves and ensure financial system liquidity. When this rate rises, banks become more inclined to hold rather than lend money, reducing the money supply. While this decreased lending slows economic activity, it helps control inflation by limiting the circulation of money in the economy. Historic perspective The federal funds rate historically follows cyclical patterns, falling during recessions and gradually rising during economic recoveries. Some central banks, notably the European Central Bank, went beyond traditional monetary policy by implementing both aggressive asset purchases and negative interest rates.

The median CPI is a measure of inflation computed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. It ranks the components of CPI inflation and picks the one in the middle. Its construction makes it less sensitive to short-lived price fluctuations, thereby better capturing the trend in prices. Released monthly.

The surveys in this collection are used to gather qualitative and quantitative information directly from users or potential users of Board publications, resources, and conference materials, such as consumers (consumer surveys) and stakeholders (stakeholder surveys). Stakeholders may include, but are not limited to, nonprofits, community development organizations, consumer groups, conference attendees, financial institutions and other financial companies offering consumer financial products and services, other for profit companies, state or local agencies, and researchers from academic, government, policy and other institutions. Publications and resources may include reports and brochures, as well as audio and visual content, whether delivered in print, online, or through other means. The frequency of the survey and content of the questions will vary as needs arise for feedback on different resources and from different audiences.

The Distributional Financial Accounts (DFAs) provide a quarterly measure of the distribution of U.S. household wealth since 1989, based on a comprehensive integration of disaggregated household-level wealth data with official aggregate wealth measures. The data set contains the level and share of each balance sheet item on the Financial Accounts' household wealth table (Table B.101.h), for various sub-populations in the United States. In our core data set, aggregate household wealth is allocated to each of four percentile groups of wealth: the top 1 percent, the next 9 percent (i.e., 90th to 99th percentile), the next 40 percent (50th to 90th percentile), and the bottom half (below the 50th percentile). Additionally, the data set contains the level and share of aggregate household wealth by income, age, generation, education, and race. The quarterly frequency makes the data useful for studying the business cycle dynamics of wealth concentration--which are typically difficult to observe in lower-frequency data because peaks and troughs often fall between times of measurement. These data will be updated about 10 or 11 weeks after the end of each quarter, making them a timely measure of the distribution of wealth.

Graph and download economic data for Assets: Securities Held Outright: U.S. Treasury Securities: All: Wednesday Level (TREAST) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-07-09 about maturity, securities, Treasury, and USA.

This reporting form collects information on covered transactions between an insured depository institution and its affiliates that are subject to the quantitative limits and other requirements of section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. § 371c) and the Board's Regulation W - Transactions Between Member Banks and Their Affiliates (12 CFR Part 223). The FR Y-8 is filed quarterly by all U.S. top-tier bank holding companies (BHCs), intermediate holding companies (IHCs), and savings and loan holding companies (SLHCs); and by foreign banking organizations (FBOs) that directly own or control a U.S. subsidiary insured depository institution (collectively, holding companies). If an FBO indirectly controls a U.S. insured depository institution through a domestic U.S. holding company, the domestic U.S. holding company must file the FR Y-8. A respondent must file a separate FR Y-8 report for each U.S. insured depository institution it controls. If an insured depository institution does not conduct any section 23A covered transactions with an affiliate in a particular quarter, its parent holding company is not required to submit an FR Y-8 report for that quarter with respect to that subsidiary.

Graph and download economic data for Deposits, All Commercial Banks (DPSACBW027SBOG) from 1973-01-03 to 2025-07-02 about deposits, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

We report average expected inflation rates over the next one through 30 years. Our estimates of expected inflation rates are calculated using a Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland model that combines financial data and survey-based measures. Released monthly.

We gauge perceptions of systemic risk in the US financial services industry based on financial market data. Estimates are calculated using a model developed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Released weekly.

The G.19 Statistical Release, Consumer Credit, reports outstanding credit extended to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures, excluding loans secured by real estate. Total consumer credit comprises two major types: revolving and nonrevolving. Revolving credit plans may be unsecured or secured by collateral and allow a consumer to borrow up to a prearranged limit and repay the debt in one or more installments. Credit card loans comprise most of revolving consumer credit measured in the G.19, but other types, such as prearranged overdraft plans, are also included. Nonrevolving credit is closed-end credit extended to consumers that is repaid on a prearranged repayment schedule and may be secured or unsecured. To borrow additional funds, the consumer must enter into an additional contract with the lender. Consumer motor vehicle and education loans comprise the majority of nonrevolving credit, but other loan types, such as boat loans, recreational vehicle loans, and personal loans, are also included. This statistical release is designated by OMB as a Principal Federal Economic Indicator (PFEI).

We explain how measures of consumer prices are computed and what the differences are between the consumer price index (CPI) and the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index. We also explain various measures used to gauge underlying inflation, or the long-term trend in prices, such as median and trimmed-mean inflation rates and core inflation.

This is a no-arbitrage dynamic term structure model, implemented as in Kim and Wright using the methodology of Kim and Orphanides . The underlying model is the standard affine Gaussian model with three factors that are latent (i.e., the factors are defined only statistically and do not have a specific economic meaning). The model is parameterized in a maximally flexible way (i.e., it is the most general model of its kind with three factors that are econometrically identified). In the estimation of the parameters of the model, data on survey forecasts of 3-month Treasury bill (T-bill) rate are used in addition to yields data in order to help address the small sample problems that often pervade econometric estimation with persistent time series like bond yields.

Graph and download economic data for Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks (DRCCLACBS) from Q1 1991 to Q1 2025 about credit cards, delinquencies, commercial, loans, banks, depository institutions, rate, and USA.