The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by July 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *********, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Graph and download economic data for Other Financial Business; Loans from Federal Reserve Funding, Credit and Liquidity Facility Special Purpose Vehicles; Asset, Transactions (BOGZ1FU503069075A) from 1946 to 2024 about funds, liquidity, finance companies, companies, transactions, finance, credits, vehicles, financial, assets, loans, and USA.

Abstract (en): A primary purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was to prevent banking panics by establishing the Federal Reserve System to function as a lender of last resort. Other types of financial crisis require a similar response, however, and the Federal Reserve has repeatedly used its capacity to generate liquidity to insulate the economy from crises in financial markets. The Fed's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, is the most recent example of this. This paper reviews the Fed's responses to crises and potential crises in financial markets: the stock market crash of 1987, the Russian default, and the September 11th attacks. Files submitted are the data file 0403cnd.xls and the program file 0403cnp.prg. These data are part of ICPSR's Publication-Related Archive and are distributed exactly as they arrived from the data depositor. ICPSR has not checked or processed this material. Users should consult the investigator(s) if further information is desired.

The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Act) authorizes the Board to regulate securities credit extended by brokers, dealers, banks, and other lenders. The FR T-4, FR U-1, and FR G-3 are recordkeeping requirements for brokers and dealers, banks, and other lenders, respectively. The FR G-3 and FR U-1 document the purpose of loans secured by margin stock. For purposes of these forms, margin stock is defined as (1) stocks that are registered on a national securities exchange or any over-the-counter security designated for trading in the National Market System, (2) debt securities (bonds) that are convertible into such stocks, and (3) shares of most mutual funds. The FR T-4 documents the purpose of credit being extended when that credit is not to purchase, carry, or trade in securities and the credit is in excess of that otherwise permitted under Regulation T , Credit by Brokers and Dealers. Lenders that are not brokers, dealers, and banks making loans secured by margin stock must register and deregister with the Federal Reserve using the FR G-1 and FR G-2, respectively, and must file an annual report (FR G-4) while registered. The Federal Reserve uses the data collected by the FR G-1, FR G-2, and FR G-4 to identify lenders subject to the Board’s Regulation U (Credit by Banks or Persons other than Brokers or Dealers for the Purpose of Purchasing or Carrying Margin Stocks) to verify their compliance with the regulation, and to monitor margin credit.

Graph and download economic data for Other Financial Business; Loans from Federal Reserve Funding, Credit and Liquidity Facility Special Purpose Vehicles; Asset, Level (BOGZ1FL503069075Q) from Q4 1945 to Q1 2025 about funds, liquidity, finance companies, companies, finance, credits, vehicles, financial, assets, loans, and USA.

United States IPI: Mfg: Machinery: Ind: Commercial & Serv & Other General Purpose data was reported at 99.775 2002=100 in May 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 99.347 2002=100 for Apr 2010. United States IPI: Mfg: Machinery: Ind: Commercial & Serv & Other General Purpose data is updated monthly, averaging 101.983 2002=100 from Jan 1986 (Median) to May 2010, with 293 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 125.128 2002=100 in Dec 1999 and a record low of 76.677 2002=100 in Jul 1986. United States IPI: Mfg: Machinery: Ind: Commercial & Serv & Other General Purpose data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.B031: Industrial Production Index: By NAIC System: 2002=100: Manufacturing.

Graph and download economic data for Other Financial Business; Loans from Federal Reserve Funding, Credit and Liquidity Facility Special Purpose Vehicles; Asset, Revaluation (BOGZ1FR503069075A) from 1946 to 2024 about revaluation, funds, finance companies, liquidity, companies, finance, credits, financial, vehicles, assets, loans, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Other Financial Business; Loans from Federal Reserve Funding, Credit and Liquidity Facility Special Purpose Vehicles; Asset, Revaluation (BOGZ1FR503069075Q) from Q4 1946 to Q1 2025 about funds, revaluation, liquidity, finance companies, companies, finance, credits, vehicles, financial, assets, loans, and USA.

United States IPI: Weights: Mfg: Machinery: Ind: Commercl & Serv & Oth Gen Purpose data was reported at 1.938 % in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.932 % for May 2018. United States IPI: Weights: Mfg: Machinery: Ind: Commercl & Serv & Oth Gen Purpose data is updated monthly, averaging 2.114 % from Jan 1972 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 558 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.752 % in Dec 1974 and a record low of 1.581 % in Dec 2004. United States IPI: Weights: Mfg: Machinery: Ind: Commercl & Serv & Oth Gen Purpose data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.B007: Industrial Production Index: By NAIC System: 2012=100: Manufacturing: Seasonally Adjusted: Weights.

United States IPI: sa: Machinery: Industrial: Commercial & Service & Other Purpose data was reported at 105.166 1997=100 in Sep 2005. This records an increase from the previous number of 103.980 1997=100 for Aug 2005. United States IPI: sa: Machinery: Industrial: Commercial & Service & Other Purpose data is updated monthly, averaging 76.189 1997=100 from Jan 1972 (Median) to Sep 2005, with 405 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 106.679 1997=100 in Apr 2000 and a record low of 31.670 1997=100 in Jan 1972. United States IPI: sa: Machinery: Industrial: Commercial & Service & Other Purpose data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.B042: Industrial Production Index: By NAIC System: 1997=100: Manufacturing.

Graph and download economic data for Employment for Manufacturing: Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing (NAICS 3339) in the United States (IPUEN3339W200000000) from 1987 to 2024 about general, machinery, NAICS, IP, manufacturing, employment, and USA.

Key information about Austria Direct Investment Abroad

• Austria Direct Investment Abroad fell by 2.7 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with a drop of 2.7 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Austria Direct Investment Abroad: USD mn data is updated quarterly.
• It is available from Mar 1970 to Sep 2024 and averaged 269.6 USD mn throughout the period.
• The data reached an all-time high of 72.5 USD bn in Mar 2005 and a record low of -29.5 USD bn in Dec 2018.

CEIC converts quarterly Direct Investment Abroad into USD. Oesterreichische Nationalbank provides Direct Investment Abroad in EUR based on BPM6. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Direct Investment Abroad includes Special Purpose Entities, which are foreign controlled subholdings without significant economic activity in Austria, whose main purpose is to hold foreign equity. Direct Investment Abroad prior to Q1 1999 is based on BPM5 and prior to Q1 1995 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Austria Direct Investment Abroad

• In the latest reports of Austria, Current Account recorded a surplus of 5.2 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 493.4 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment increased by 11.5 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 126.6 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Graph and download economic data for Large Bank Consumer Credit Card Balances: Average Purchase APR: General Purpose (RCCCBAPRAVGPCTGP) from Q3 2012 to Q1 2025 about , and .

Graph and download economic data for Large Bank Consumer Mortgage Originations: Purpose Type: Refinance: Rate / Term and Other Refinance (RCMFLOORIGPURPREFITERM) from Q3 2013 to Q1 2025 about FR Y-14M, origination, large, mortgage, consumer, banks, depository institutions, rate, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Large Bank Consumer Credit Card Originations: Average Original Purchase APR: General Purpose (RCCCOAPRAVGPCTGP) from Q3 2012 to Q1 2025 about general, FR Y-14M, origination, purchase, consumer credit, credit cards, large, average, loans, consumer, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Large Bank Consumer Mortgage Originations: Purpose Type: Purchase (RCMFLOORIGPURPPURCHASE) from Q3 2013 to Q1 2025 about FR Y-14M, origination, purchase, large, mortgage, consumer, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Labor Productivity for Manufacturing: Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing (NAICS 3339) in the United States (IPUEN3339L001000000) from 1988 to 2024 about general, productivity, machinery, NAICS, IP, labor, manufacturing, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Sectoral Output Price Deflator for Manufacturing: Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing (NAICS 3339) in the United States (IPUEN3339T050000000) from 1987 to 2024 about general, output, machinery, NAICS, IP, manufacturing, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Industrial Production: Manufacturing: Durable Goods: Commercial and Service Industry Machinery and Other General Purpose Machinery (NAICS = 3333,9) (IPG3333A9A) from 1972 to 2024 about general, NAICS, machinery, durable goods, commercial, goods, services, manufacturing, industry, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Output per Worker for Manufacturing: Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing (NAICS 3339) in the United States (IPUEN3339W000000000) from 1987 to 2024 about general, output, machinery, NAICS, IP, manufacturing, employment, and USA.