View the total value of the assets of all Federal Reserve Banks as reported in the weekly balance sheet.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by May 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached * percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Graph and download economic data for Reserves of Depository Institutions: Total (TOTRESNS) from Jan 1959 to May 2025 about adjusted, reserves, and USA.

United States FRBOP: Annual Treasury Bonds Rate: 10 Year: Mean: Current data was reported at 3.014 % in Jun 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.924 % for Mar 2018. United States FRBOP: Annual Treasury Bonds Rate: 10 Year: Mean: Current data is updated quarterly, averaging 4.594 % from Mar 1992 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 106 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.691 % in Mar 1995 and a record low of 1.748 % in Dec 2016. United States FRBOP: Annual Treasury Bonds Rate: 10 Year: Mean: Current data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.M006: Treasury Bills Rates: Forecast: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

The U.S. federal funds rate peaked in 2023 at its highest level since the 2007-08 financial crisis, reaching 5.33 percent by December 2023. A significant shift in monetary policy occurred in the second half of 2024, with the Federal Reserve implementing regular rate cuts. By December 2024, the rate had declined to 4.48 percent. What is a central bank rate? The federal funds rate determines the cost of overnight borrowing between banks, allowing them to maintain necessary cash reserves and ensure financial system liquidity. When this rate rises, banks become more inclined to hold rather than lend money, reducing the money supply. While this decreased lending slows economic activity, it helps control inflation by limiting the circulation of money in the economy. Historic perspective The federal funds rate historically follows cyclical patterns, falling during recessions and gradually rising during economic recoveries. Some central banks, notably the European Central Bank, went beyond traditional monetary policy by implementing both aggressive asset purchases and negative interest rates.

Shows the daily level of the federal funds rate back to 1954. The fed funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions (banks and credit unions) lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight, on an uncollateralized basis. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate.

FRBOP Forecast: Unemployment Rate: Mean: sa data was reported at 3.836 % in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.710 % for Dec 2018. FRBOP Forecast: Unemployment Rate: Mean: sa data is updated quarterly, averaging 5.883 % from Dec 1968 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 202 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.589 % in Mar 1983 and a record low of 3.461 % in Jun 1969. FRBOP Forecast: Unemployment Rate: Mean: sa data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G025: Current Population Survey: Unemployment Rate: Seasonally Adjusted: Forecast: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

FRBOP Forecast: 3Mo TBills over Next-Qtr CPI Inflation: Mean data was reported at -0.099 % in Dec 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of -0.296 % for Sep 2018. FRBOP Forecast: 3Mo TBills over Next-Qtr CPI Inflation: Mean data is updated quarterly, averaging 1.373 % from Sep 1981 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 150 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.179 % in Sep 1981 and a record low of -2.055 % in Jun 2013. FRBOP Forecast: 3Mo TBills over Next-Qtr CPI Inflation: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.M006: Treasury Bills Rates: Forecast: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) is normally a triennial cross-sectional survey of U.S. families. The survey data include information on families' balance sheets, pensions, income, and demographic characteristics.

The median CPI is a measure of inflation computed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. It ranks the components of CPI inflation and picks the one in the middle. Its construction makes it less sensitive to short-lived price fluctuations, thereby better capturing the trend in prices. Released monthly.

Graph and download economic data for M3, Alternate Definition 2 for Germany (MAM3A2DEM189S) from Jan 1974 to Dec 1998 about M3, Germany, and monetary aggregates.

FRBOP Forecast: Annual Unemp Rate: Mean: sa: Current Plus 3 Yrs data was reported at 4.189 % in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.276 % for Mar 2018. FRBOP Forecast: Annual Unemp Rate: Mean: sa: Current Plus 3 Yrs data is updated quarterly, averaging 6.080 % from Jun 2009 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 37 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.134 % in Dec 2009 and a record low of 4.189 % in Jun 2018. FRBOP Forecast: Annual Unemp Rate: Mean: sa: Current Plus 3 Yrs data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.G022: Current Population Survey: Unemployment Rate: Seasonally Adjusted: Forecast: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.

United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Treasury Securities; Asset, Transactions was 56.00000 Mil. of $ in October of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Treasury Securities; Asset, Transactions reached a record high of 538844.00000 in October of 2015 and a record low of -185506.00000 in October of 2012. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Treasury Securities; Asset, Transactions - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on May of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rate on Reserve Balances (IORB Rate) (IORB) from 2021-07-29 to 2025-06-23 about reserves, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

United States - Federal Government Defined Contribution Retirement Funds; Debt Securities; Asset, Transactions was -448.00000 Mil. of $ in October of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Federal Government Defined Contribution Retirement Funds; Debt Securities; Asset, Transactions reached a record high of 832004.00000 in October of 2015 and a record low of -849604.00000 in January of 2019. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Federal Government Defined Contribution Retirement Funds; Debt Securities; Asset, Transactions - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on May of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Assets: Securities Held Outright: U.S. Treasury Securities: All: Wednesday Level (TREAST) from 2002-12-18 to 2025-06-25 about maturity, securities, Treasury, and USA.

United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Pension Entitlements (Total Liabilities), Transactions was 62296.00000 Mil. of $ in October of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Pension Entitlements (Total Liabilities), Transactions reached a record high of 88273.00000 in October of 2011 and a record low of 3946.00000 in October of 1947. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Pension Entitlements (Total Liabilities), Transactions - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on May of 2025.

United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Debt Securities; Asset, Transactions was -743.00000 Mil. of $ in January of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Debt Securities; Asset, Transactions reached a record high of 167965.00000 in January of 2021 and a record low of -1173.00000 in January of 2022. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Debt Securities; Asset, Transactions - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on May of 2025.

United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Other Current Transfers Received, Actual Employer Contributions (IMA), Transactions was 281910.00000 Mil. of $ in October of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Other Current Transfers Received, Actual Employer Contributions (IMA), Transactions reached a record high of 281910.00000 in January of 2023 and a record low of 352.00000 in October of 1946. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Other Current Transfers Received, Actual Employer Contributions (IMA), Transactions - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on May of 2025.

United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Treasury Securities Held by National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust; Asset, Transactions was -256.00000 Mil. of $ in January of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Treasury Securities Held by National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust; Asset, Transactions reached a record high of 5636.00000 in July of 2009 and a record low of -3164.00000 in July of 2011. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Federal Government Defined Benefit Retirement Funds; Treasury Securities Held by National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust; Asset, Transactions - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on June of 2025.