In 2023, around 72,776 people in the United States died from a drug overdose that involved fentanyl. This was the second-highest number of fentanyl overdose deaths ever recorded in the United States, and a significant increase from the number of deaths reported in 2019. Fentanyl overdoses are now the driving force behind the opioid epidemic, accounting for the majority of overdose deaths in the United States. What is fentanyl? Fentanyl is an extremely potent synthetic opioid similar to morphine, but more powerful. It is a prescription drug but is also manufactured illegally and is sometimes mixed with other illicit drugs such as heroin and cocaine, often without the user’s knowledge. The potency of fentanyl makes it very addictive and puts users at a high risk for overdose. Illegally manufactured fentanyl has become more prevalent in the United States in recent years, leading to a huge increase in drug overdose deaths. In 2022, the rate of drug overdose death involving fentanyl was 22.7 per 100,000 population, compared to a rate of just one per 100,000 population in the year 2013. Fentanyl overdoses by gender and race/ethnicity As of 2022, the rate of drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl in the United States is over two times higher among men than women. Rates of overdose death involving fentanyl were low for both men and women until around the year 2014 when they began to quickly increase, especially for men. In 2022, there were around 19,880 drug overdose deaths among women that involved fentanyl compared to 53,958 such deaths among men. At that time, the rate of fentanyl overdose deaths was highest among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Natives and lowest among non-Hispanic Asians. However, from the years 2014 to 2018, non-Hispanic whites had the highest fentanyl overdose death rates.

This dashboard provides in-depth analysis surrounding events and characteristics of individuals who experienced non-fatal and/or fatal opioid overdoses in the District of Columbia. It includes data on ambulance transports for overdoses, fatalities, naloxone distribution, harm reduction efforts and the results of our used syringe testing. Data is aggregated at the neighborhood and ward levels. Data on fatal opioid overdoses will include deaths from 2021-2024. Data on non-fatal opioid overdoses will include incidents from 2021-2024. Note: Fatal opioid overdose data are delayed by approximately 90 days due to toxicological testing.

In 2024, around ** percent of opioid overdose deaths in British Columbia involved fentanyl and ** percent of opioid deaths involved fentanyl analogues. This statistic shows the percentage of deaths from accidental apparent opioid overdose in Canada in 2024 involving fentanyl, by province or territory.

The graph illustrates the number of deaths from fentanyl in the United States from 1999 to 2022. The x-axis represents the years, spanning from '99 to '22, while the y-axis displays the annual number of fentanyl-related fatalities. Over this 24-year period, deaths rise dramatically from 730 in 1999 to a peak of 73,838 in 2022. Notable milestones include an increase to 1,742 deaths in 2005, a significant jump to 9,580 in 2015, and a sharp escalation to 70,601 deaths by 2021. The data reveals a consistent and severe upward trend in fentanyl-related deaths, particularly accelerating in the mid-2010s. This information is presented in a line graph format, effectively highlighting the dramatic increase in fatalities due to fentanyl across the United States over the specified years.

A listing of each accidental death associated with drug overdose in Connecticut from 2012 to 2024. A "Y" value under the different substance columns indicates that particular substance was detected. Data are derived from an investigation by the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which includes the toxicity report, death certificate, as well as a scene investigation. The “Morphine (Not Heroin)” values are related to the differences between how Morphine and Heroin are metabolized and therefor detected in the toxicity results. Heroin metabolizes to 6-MAM which then metabolizes to morphine. 6-MAM is unique to heroin, and has a short half-life (as does heroin itself). Thus, in some heroin deaths, the toxicity results will not indicate whether the morphine is from heroin or prescription morphine. In these cases the Medical Examiner may be able to determine the cause based on the scene investigation (such as finding heroin needles). If they find prescription morphine at the scene it is certified as “Morphine (not heroin).” Therefor, the Cause of Death may indicate Morphine, but the Heroin or Morphine (Not Heroin) may not be indicated. “Any Opioid” – If the Medical Examiner cannot conclude whether it’s RX Morphine or heroin based morphine in the toxicity results, that column may be checked

In King County, Washington, the highest share of drug overdose deaths between 2019 and 2024 occurred in houses that were privately owned or rented. However, in 2023, around 24 percent of drug overdose deaths occurred in a location not meant for human habitation or emergency shelter. This statistic depicts the distribution of drug overdose deaths in King County, Washington between 2019 and 2024, by housing status.

To: State, territorial, tribal, and local policymakers and administrators of agencies and programs focused on child, youth, and family health and well-being Dear Colleagues, Thank you for your work to support children, youth, and families. Populations served by Administration for Children and Families (ACF)-funded programs — including victims of trafficking or violence, those who are unhoused, and young people and families involved in the child welfare system — are often at particularly high risk for substance use and overdose. A variety of efforts are underway at the federal, state, and local levels to reduce overdose deaths. These efforts focus on stopping drugs from entering communities, providing life-saving resources, and preventing drug use before it starts. Initiatives across the country are already saving lives: the overdose death rate has declined over the past year but remains too high at 32.6 per 100,000 individuals. Fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid, raises the risk of overdose deaths because even a tiny amount can be deadly. Young people are particularly at risk for fentanyl exposure, driven in part by widespread availability of counterfeit pills containing fentanyl that are marketed to youth through social media. While overdose deaths among teens have recently begun to decline, there were 6,696 deaths among adolescents and young adults in 2022 (the latest year with data available)[1], making unintentional drug overdose the second leading cause of death for youth ages 15—19 and the first leading cause of death among young adults ages 20-24.[2] Often these deaths happen with others nearby and can be prevented when opioid overdose reversal medications, like naloxone, are administered in time. CDC’s State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System dashboard shows that in all 30 jurisdictions with available data, 64.7% of drug overdose deaths had at least one potential opportunity for intervention.[3] Naloxone rapidly reverses an overdose and should be given to any person who shows signs of an opioid overdose or when an overdose is suspected. It can be given as a nasal spray. Studies show that naloxone administration reduces death rates and does not cause harm if used on a person who is not overdosing on opioids. States have different policies and regulations regarding naloxone distribution and administration. Forty-nine states and the District of Columbia have Good Samaritan laws protecting bystanders who aid at the scene of an overdose.[4] ACF grant recipients and partners can play a critical role in reducing overdose deaths by taking the following actions: Stop Overdose Now (U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Integrating Harm Reduction Strategies into Services and Supports for Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness (PDF) (ACF) Thank you for your dedication and partnership. If you have any questions, please contact your local public health department or state behavioral health agency. Together, we can meaningfully reduce overdose deaths in every community. /s/ Meg Sullivan Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary [1] Products - Data Briefs - Number 491 - March 2024 [2] WISQARS Leading Causes of Death Visualization Tool [3] SUDORS Dashboard: Fatal Drug Overdose Data | Overdose Prevention | CDC [4] Based on 2024 report from the Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association (PDF). Note that the state of Kansas adopted protections as well following the publication of this report. Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in Stopping the flow: The effects of US-China cooperation on fentanyl markets and overdose deaths, PIIE Working Paper 25-9.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Noland, Marcus, Julieta Contreras, and Lucas Rengifo-Keller. 2025. Stopping the flow: The effects of US-China cooperation on fentanyl markets and overdose deaths. PIIE Working Paper 25-9. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

A. SUMMARY This dataset includes unintentional drug overdose death rates by race/ethnicity by year. This dataset is created using data from the California Electronic Death Registration System (CA-EDRS) via the Vital Records Business Intelligence System (VRBIS). Substance-related deaths are identified by reviewing the cause of death. Deaths caused by opioids, methamphetamine, and cocaine are included. Homicides and suicides are excluded. Ethnic and racial groups with fewer than 10 events are not tallied separately for privacy reasons but are included in the “all races” total. Unintentional drug overdose death rates are calculated by dividing the total number of overdose deaths by race/ethnicity by the total population size for that demographic group and year and then multiplying by 100,000. The total population size is based on estimates from the US Census Bureau County Population Characteristics for San Francisco, 2022 Vintage by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. These data differ from the data shared in the Preliminary Unintentional Drug Overdose Death by Year dataset since this dataset uses finalized counts of overdose deaths associated with cocaine, methamphetamine, and opioids only. B. HOW THE DATASET IS CREATED This dataset is created by copying data from the Annual Substance Use Trends in San Francisco report from the San Francisco Department of Public Health Center on Substance Use and Health. C. UPDATE PROCESS This dataset will be updated annually, typically at the end of the year. D. HOW TO USE THIS DATASET N/A E. RELATED DATASETS Overdose-Related 911 Responses by Emergency Medical Services Preliminary Unintentional Drug Overdose Deaths San Francisco Department of Public Health Substance Use Services F. CHANGE LOG 12/16/2024 - Updated with 2023 data. Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity group was changed to Asian. 12/16/2024 - Past year totals by race/ethnicity were revised after obtaining accurate race/ethnicity for some decedents that were previously marked as “unknown” race/ethnicity.

From June 2024 to May 2025, the rate of emergency department (ED) visits for fentanyl-involved nonfatal overdose among men aged between 35 and 44 was 8.3 per 10,000 ED visits, highest among all age groups. Meanwhile, the rate of ED visits for fentanyl-involved nonfatal overdose among women aged between 35 and 44 was three per 10,000 ED visits.

Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps market size was valued at $1.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $4.8 billion by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 16.5% during the forecast period of 2024–2033. The primary factor propelling the growth of the Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps market globally is the escalating prevalence of opioid and narcotics misuse, which has necessitated advanced data-driven solutions for real-time tracking, intervention, and resource allocation. The demand for actionable intelligence to combat the opioid crisis is driving adoption among public health agencies, law enforcement, and healthcare providers, making Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps an indispensable tool in the fight against drug-related mortality and morbidity.

Regional Outlook

North America currently dominates the Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps market, accounting for nearly 48% of the global market share in 2024. This region’s leadership is attributed to its mature healthcare IT infrastructure, proactive government policies, and substantial investments in public health surveillance systems. The United States, in particular, has been at the forefront, leveraging advanced analytics and geospatial mapping to address the opioid epidemic. Federal and state-level initiatives, such as the CDC’s Overdose Data to Action (OD2A) program, have accelerated the deployment of heatmap solutions. Furthermore, collaborations between technology firms and public health agencies have resulted in the rapid integration of real-time overdose mapping tools, enhancing situational awareness and response efficacy. The high adoption rate among law enforcement and healthcare providers underscores the region’s commitment to leveraging technology for public health interventions.

The Asia Pacific region is poised to be the fastest-growing market for Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps, with a projected CAGR of 19.2% from 2024 to 2033. This accelerated growth is fueled by rising narcotics misuse, increasing urbanization, and the expansion of digital health infrastructure across countries such as China, India, and Australia. Governments in these nations are ramping up investments in data analytics and surveillance technologies to curb the growing threat of synthetic opioid abuse. Additionally, the implementation of national drug monitoring programs and the growing collaboration with international public health organizations are catalyzing the adoption of heatmap solutions. The region’s large population base and the increasing penetration of cloud-based analytics platforms are further stimulating market growth, as stakeholders seek scalable and cost-effective solutions for overdose monitoring and intervention.

Emerging economies in Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are gradually embracing Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps, albeit with unique challenges. While the demand is rising due to increasing awareness of drug overdose risks and the need for targeted interventions, these regions are confronted by limited healthcare IT infrastructure, budgetary constraints, and regulatory hurdles. Nevertheless, localized demand is being driven by urban centers experiencing spikes in narcotics incidents. International aid, pilot projects, and partnerships with global health organizations are helping to bridge the technology gap and foster adoption. However, inconsistent data collection practices and a lack of standardized reporting protocols remain barriers to widespread implementation, necessitating tailored solutions that address both technological and socio-political complexities.

Report Scope

Date Created: November 2023Update Frequency: WeeklyLast Reviewed: November 2023Accuracy, Completeness, and Known Issues:Data are from the "Weekly Update on Suspect Drug-Related Deaths in Ontario, by PHU Region" published weekly by the OCCO. Data are preliminary and subject to change.Suspect-drug related deaths include deaths where the preliminary investigation by the investigating coroner indicated: drugs were found at the scene, substance use equipment found at the scene, history of drug abuse, history of naloxone use, physical sign of drug use, positional asphyxia, unresponsive with snoring prior to death, or preliminary findings from autopsy indicate a suspected drug intoxication. Suspect-drug related deaths exclude deaths associated with trauma and medical assistance in dying cases.Investigations of suspect-drug related deaths may take several months, with identification of a number of death types, including: (1) opioid; (2) non-opioid acute drug toxicity, or (3) natural deaths (e.g., cardiac events), with different manners of death (natural, suicide, accident).When deaths initially thought to be drug related are determined to be natural deaths, this death is not removed from the preliminary suspected drug related death count to maintain comparable baseline data for the most recent months.Geographic regions are assigned based primarily on location of incident, however due to delays in data entry, may not yet be assigned for some recent deaths. Data Steward: OPH Epidemiology TeamData Steward Email: oph-epidemiology@ottawa.caDepartment or Agency: Ottawa Public HealthBranch/Unit: Epidemiology and Evidence

According to Cognitive Market Research, the Global Opioids Market Size was USD XX Billion in 2023 and is set to achieve a market size of USD XX Billion by the end of 2031 growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2031.

  The global opioid market will expand significantly by XX% CAGR between 2024 and 2030.
  The Pain Relief segment accounts for the largest market share and is anticipated to a healthy growth over the approaching years.
  The hospital pharmacies had a market share of about XX% in 2023.
  The Extended Release /Long-Acting Opioids holds the largest share and is expected to grow in the coming years as well.
  The injectable segment is the market's largest contributor and is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of XX% during the projected period.
  The oxycodone segment holds the largest share and is expected to grow in the coming years as well.
  North America region dominated the market and accounted for the highest revenue of XX% in 2023 and it is projected that it will grow at a CAGR of XX% in the future.

Market Dynamics of the Opioids

Rising prevalence of chronic pain conditions globally

The increased prescription of painkillers during post-operative procedures and an increase in patients with terminally chronic pain or diseases including HIV, and severe cough brought on by lung infections are two causes that are anticipated to increase opioid use as a pain reliever. Chronic pain affects an estimated 20% of the global population, with conditions such as arthritis, cancer, and lower back pain contributing to the growing demand for effective pain management solutions. In the past, it resulted in a demand surge for opioids and boosted growth. Another factor for the growth of the opioid drug market is the spike in the number of surgeries. According to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2019, the prevalence of high-impact chronic pain in the United States was 7.4 percent.

(Source-https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db390-H.pdf)

The aging population’s vulnerability is at high risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, and cancer due to the high comorbid conditions. Declining fertility and mortality rates are some factors contributing to the geriatric population's rise. The impact of chronic pain increases with age and is highest among adults aged 65 years and above. Therefore, the rising geriatric population is anticipated to increase the demand for opioid drugs to manage chronic pain. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the geriatric population increased from 1.0 million in 2020 to 1.4 million in 2021.

(Source-https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health)

Opioid addiction and its side effects pose significant challenges to the market

One of the major challenges for this market is the high potential for abuse and addiction, physicians have scaled back their pain management prescriptions, decreasing global scales. The rising prevalence of opioid abuse is expected to stifle market growth, as practitioners are hesitant to prescribe opioids as pain relievers. The patient may become tolerant and need more and more drugs to achieve the effect of smoothing the pain. Moreover, using opioids for an extended period can develop a dependency, and after leaving the drug, the patient may suffer from withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, drug cravings, tremors (shaking), and others. The heightened regulatory scrutiny has resulted in stricter guidelines for prescribing opioids, impacting accessibility for patients in genuine need of pain relief. Regulatory changes often aim to strike a balance between ensuring access for patients and preventing misuse. The forecasted period illustrates a decrease in the opioid market growth due to the adversities and the negative effects of opioids. Researchers and experts have considered this and are making constant efforts to reduce and minimize the negative side effects of opioids. As per the record, drug overdose in the year 2018, had 657 deaths.

(Source-https://www.mass.gov/doc/opioid-related-overdose-deaths-among-ma-residents-august-2018/download)

Furthermore, the Millennium Health's Signals report (2020) revealed that there was a rise in non-prescribed fe...

Introduction

Opioid Statistics: Opioids are a class of drugs that bind to opioid receptors in the brain and nervous system to relieve pain. But they also pose significant risks, including addiction and overdose.

They are categorized into natural opioids (like morphine), semi-synthetic opioids (such as oxycodone), and synthetic opioids (including fentanyl).

While they are effective for managing severe pain and are used in anesthesia. Their misuse has led to a major public health crisis characterized by high addiction rates and overdose deaths.

Efforts to address this crisis involve stricter prescription guidelines, enhanced addiction treatment, and public health initiatives aimed at reducing misuse and improving safety.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Opioid Use Disorder market size was USD 2965.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1186.08 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 889.56 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 682.00 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 148.26 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 59.30 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The buprenorphine category held the highest Opioid Use Disorder market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Opioid Use Disorder Market

Key Drivers for Opioid Use Disorder Market

Increased Opioid Addiction Rates to Increase the Demand Globally

The increasing prevalence of opioid addiction is mostly driving Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) market growth. Globally, addiction rates have increased as a result of the widespread usage of prescription opioids as well as illegal substances like heroin and synthetic opioids like fentanyl. The number of addiction cases has increased, and this has led to a critical need for medication-assisted treatment (MAT), behavioral treatments, and counseling as effective treatment options. Healthcare professionals, governments, and organizations are stepping up their efforts to tackle the opioid crisis as it worsens, which is driving up demand for OUD therapies. The market is rising as a result of the increased understanding of OUD as a chronic illness requiring all-encompassing care.

Growing Focus on Increasing Awareness in Government and Non-Governmental Organizations to Propel Market Growth

The growing popularity of both governmental and non-governmental groups in raising awareness about the dangers of opioid overdose is another significant driver propelling the market's growth. The number of individuals who have an opioid addiction has skyrocketed, leading many organizations to adopt a more comprehensive strategy to combat the issue. A lot of countries have increased their efforts to assist patients and reduce the consequences of opioid addiction. For instance, in March 2022, Health and Human Services (HHS) announced funding for programs that address and prevent substance use. This action was taken to reduce the misuse of prescription medications and increase access to medication-assisted therapy for opioid use disorder. More persons with opioid-related problems are expected to seek treatment if such measures are implemented. These factors are expected to impact the worldwide market positively throughout the forecast time.

Restraint Factor for the Opioid Use Disorder Market

Social Obstacles and Stigma to Limit the Sales

The market for opioid use disorders (OUDs) is significantly hampered by stigma and social constraints. People who are afraid of being judged, discriminated against, or shunned by society are frequently deterred from getting treatment due to the pervasive stigma associated with opiate addiction. Inadequate support and financing for OUD treatment programs result from this stigma, which not only impacts those who are addicted but also has an impact on lawmakers, healthcare professionals, and the general public. Social hurdles that impede open discussions about addiction and treatment choices, such as cultural views and lack of awareness, exacerbate the issue. Many people so go untreated, which hinders attempts to address the opioid crisis and slows the market's growth for OUD treatment.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Opioid Use Disorder Market

The market for opioid use disorders (OUDs) has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of the increased stress, uncertainty about the eco...

Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

The data files from this project are not available through NAHDAP/ICPSR. For information about accessing the data from this project, please contact the Principal Investigator. Feedback from Tribal communities were gathered about a future Tribally specific near real-time opioid overdose monitoring dashboard. A questionnaire about an example dashboard with questions about overdose information, Narcan usage, and feedback about the dashboard's uses were included.

Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps market size reached USD 1.21 billion in 2024, with a robust year-on-year growth driven by increasing demand for real-time data analytics in combating the opioid crisis. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 12.8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 3.63 billion by 2033. The primary growth factor for this market is the escalating need for advanced surveillance and predictive analytics to identify and mitigate overdose hotspots, which is being propelled by the rising incidence of narcotics misuse and overdose deaths globally.

The surge in narcotics misuse, particularly opioids, has placed immense pressure on public health systems and law enforcement agencies worldwide. This has necessitated the adoption of sophisticated tools such as Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps that enable stakeholders to visualize and respond to overdose trends in near real-time. The integration of big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and geospatial mapping has revolutionized how agencies detect, predict, and prevent overdose events, allowing for more targeted interventions and resource allocation. Furthermore, the increasing digitization of healthcare records and the proliferation of interconnected data sources have made it easier to aggregate, analyze, and visualize overdose data, fueling market growth.

Another significant growth driver is the mounting support from government bodies and international organizations for the deployment of overdose monitoring platforms. Public health agencies are increasingly collaborating with technology providers to implement heatmap solutions that can synthesize data from diverse sources such as emergency medical services, hospital records, and law enforcement databases. These collaborations are often supported by grants and regulatory mandates aimed at curbing the opioid epidemic. Additionally, the growing awareness among healthcare providers and researchers about the benefits of overdose heatmaps in identifying high-risk populations and developing targeted prevention strategies is further accelerating market expansion.

Technological advancements are also playing a pivotal role in shaping the Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps market. The evolution of cloud computing, machine learning algorithms, and advanced visualization tools has significantly enhanced the accuracy, scalability, and user-friendliness of these platforms. This has led to increased adoption not only by large government agencies and healthcare systems but also by smaller organizations and research institutions. The ability to customize dashboards, integrate with existing health information systems, and provide actionable insights in real-time is making these solutions indispensable in the fight against narcotics overdose.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, primarily due to the high prevalence of opioid misuse and the presence of advanced healthcare IT infrastructure. Europe follows closely, with significant investments in public health surveillance and data analytics. The Asia Pacific region is expected to exhibit the highest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by increasing awareness, rising healthcare expenditures, and government initiatives to address substance abuse. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also witnessing gradual adoption, supported by international collaborations and the expansion of healthcare digitalization initiatives.

Product Type Analysis

The Product Type segment of the Narcotics Overdose Heatmaps market is categorized into Software, Dashboard & Visualization Tools, Data Analytics Platforms, and Others. Among these, Software solutions accounted for the largest market share in 2024, as they form the backbone of most overdose heatmap systems. These software platforms are designed to ingest, process, and visualize large volumes of data from multiple sources, enabling stakeholders to identify emerging overdose hotspots and trends with high precision. The growing complexity of overdose patterns and the need for real-time surveillance have driven demand for robust, scalable, and interoperable software solutions. Vendors are increasingly focusing on enhancing the user experience, integrating advanced analytics, and ensuring compliance with da

A. SUMMARY This dataset comes from the San Francisco Emergency Medical Services Agency and includes all opioid overdose-related 911 calls responded to by emergency medical services (ambulances). The purpose of this dataset is to show how many opioid overdose-related 911 calls the San Francisco Fire Department and other ambulance companies respond to each week. This dataset is based on ambulance patient care records and not 911 calls for service data. B. HOW THE DATASET IS CREATED The San Francisco Fire Department and other ambulance companies send electronic patient care reports to the California Emergency Medical Services Agency for all 911 calls they respond to. The San Francisco Emergency Medical Services Agency (SF EMSA) has access to the state database that includes all reports for 911 calls in San Francisco County. In order to identify overdose-related calls that resulted in an emergency medical service (or ambulance) response, SF EMSA filters the patient care reports based on set criteria used in other jurisdictions called The Rhode Island Criteria. These criteria filter calls to only include those calls where EMS documented that an opioid overdose was involved and/or naloxone (Narcan) was administered. Calls that do not involve an opioid overdose are filtered out of the dataset. Calls that result in a patient death on scene are also filtered out of the dataset. This dataset is created by copying the total number of calls each week when the state makes this data available. C. UPDATE PROCESS Data is generally available with a 24-hour lag on a weekly frequency but the exact lag and update frequency is based on when the State makes this data available. D. HOW TO USE THIS DATASET This dataset includes the total number of calls a week. The week starts on a Sunday and ends on the following Saturday. This dataset will not match the Fire Department Calls for Service dataset, as this dataset has been filtered to include only opioid overdose-related 911 calls based on electronic patient care report data. Additionally, the Fire Department Calls for Service data are primarily based on 911 call data (i.e. calls triaged and recorded by San Francisco’s 911 call center) and not the finalized electronic patient care reports recorded by Fire Department paramedics. E. RELATED DATASETS Fire Department Calls for Service San Francisco Department of Public Health Substance Use Services Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Race/Ethnicity Preliminary Unintentional Drug Overdose Deaths F. CHANGE LOG 1/17/2024 - updated date/time fields from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to Pacific Time (PT) which caused a slight change in historic case counts by week.

From June 2024 to May 2025, the rate of emergency department (ED) visits for fentanyl-involved nonfatal overdose among those aged between 35 and 44 was 5.3 per 10,000 ED visits, highest across all age groups. Meanwhile, the rate of ED visits for fentanyl-involved nonfatal overdose among those aged between 25 and 34 was 5.2 per 10,000 ED visits.