The global fiber optic cable market was valued at almost ** billion U.S. dollars in 2022. The Asia-Pacific region accounted for **** billion U.S. dollars, with Europe the next largest market. Fiber optic cables are used to provide high-speed data transfer, such as in the provision of high speed fixed broadband internet.

Analysis of ‘Broadband Fibre/LAN subscriptions’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/mpwolke/cusersmarildownloadsbroadbandcsv on 13 February 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Context

OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics

This subscription provides online access to the OECD Telecommunications and Internet Statistics Database, which provides annual data from 1980 onwards for 100 telecommunications variables such as standard lines, digital lines, IDN lines, DSL lines, mobile subs, residential lines, pay phones, telecoms staff, revenues, investment, traffic, and much more for OECD countries. This database is updated every two years

Broadband Fibre/LAN subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

https://stats.oecd.org/viewhtml.aspx?datasetcode=BROADBAND_DB&lang=en

Content

Broadband database

The broadband database on information and communication technology (ICT) contains indicators on wireless and fixed broadband usage, access and diffusion to OECD households, individuals and businesses.

https://stats.oecd.org/viewhtml.aspx?datasetcode=BROADBAND_DB&lang=en

Acknowledgements

https://stats.oecd.org/viewhtml.aspx?datasetcode=BROADBAND_DB&lang=en

Inspiration

.Remote learning during Covid Pandemic

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

This statistic shows the number of households active connections to the optical fibre cable network in Germany from 2007 to 2022, with an estimate for 2023. In 2022, *** million households had an active internet connection via optical fibre cable.

Although Europe’s fibre-optic cable manufacturing industry is fairly small on a global scale, it’s becoming increasingly important for the continent's digital transformation. Demand for high-speed internet in Europe is on the rise due to the increase in data-intensive services, like streaming platforms. Telecommunications companies have invested heavily in fibre-optic technology to upgrade their infrastructures, inflating demand for fibre-optic cables. Fibre-optic cables are also essential for expanding the 5G network, as they connect numerous small base stations and enable the required data transfer rates. They’re also used in the automotive industry, sensor technology and robotics. Over the five years through 2025, fibre-optic cable manufacturing revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.4% to €4 billion, including a forecast hike of 4.1% in 2025. Consumers and businesses are increasingly valuing fast internet connection, resulting in telecommunications companies investing heavily in their fibre-optic infrastructure, ramping up profitability over the past five years. However, the development of fibre-optic networks in Europe varies between countries. According to the German Broadband Association, in 2022, fibre-optic penetration in Germany was around 26%, while the UK reported a penetration rate of 33% at the beginning of 2022. In contrast, Spain (89%), Portugal (87%) and Sweden (84%) had a much higher penetration rate at the end of 2021. In Sweden, telecommunication companies have rejected transitional technologies like vectoring, which has led to a faster roll-out of fibre networks, avoiding delays in roll-out that have occurred in other countries. The automotive market also provides a healthy market for fibre-optic cable manufactures, a sector that has been experiencing a slow recovery from its pandemic-driven tumble amid severe supply chain disruptions. Over the five years through 2030, revenue is slated to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to €5.2 billion. Western Europe isn’t particularly attractive for the production of fibre-optic cables due to low sales volume, high labour costs and market dominance by subsidiaries of international corporations. However, several Western European countries are actively investing in and expanding their fibre-optic infrastructure, which should promote future sales. The European Commission has announced investments of around €850 million for the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Digital second Work Programme in the four years through 2027. The UK and Germany have also launched initiatives to achieve nationwide gigabit broadband coverage by 2030. Spain is driving forward its fibre infrastructure with significant investment and legislative support to promote competition and digitisation.

Although Europe’s fibre-optic cable manufacturing industry is fairly small on a global scale, it’s becoming increasingly important for the continent's digital transformation. Demand for high-speed internet in Europe is on the rise due to the increase in data-intensive services, like streaming platforms. Telecommunications companies have invested heavily in fibre-optic technology to upgrade their infrastructures, inflating demand for fibre-optic cables. Fibre-optic cables are also essential for expanding the 5G network, as they connect numerous small base stations and enable the required data transfer rates. They’re also used in the automotive industry, sensor technology and robotics. Over the five years through 2025, fibre-optic cable manufacturing revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.4% to €4 billion, including a forecast hike of 4.1% in 2025. Consumers and businesses are increasingly valuing fast internet connection, resulting in telecommunications companies investing heavily in their fibre-optic infrastructure, ramping up profitability over the past five years. However, the development of fibre-optic networks in Europe varies between countries. According to the German Broadband Association, in 2022, fibre-optic penetration in Germany was around 26%, while the UK reported a penetration rate of 33% at the beginning of 2022. In contrast, Spain (89%), Portugal (87%) and Sweden (84%) had a much higher penetration rate at the end of 2021. In Sweden, telecommunication companies have rejected transitional technologies like vectoring, which has led to a faster roll-out of fibre networks, avoiding delays in roll-out that have occurred in other countries. The automotive market also provides a healthy market for fibre-optic cable manufactures, a sector that has been experiencing a slow recovery from its pandemic-driven tumble amid severe supply chain disruptions. Over the five years through 2030, revenue is slated to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to €5.2 billion. Western Europe isn’t particularly attractive for the production of fibre-optic cables due to low sales volume, high labour costs and market dominance by subsidiaries of international corporations. However, several Western European countries are actively investing in and expanding their fibre-optic infrastructure, which should promote future sales. The European Commission has announced investments of around €850 million for the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Digital second Work Programme in the four years through 2027. The UK and Germany have also launched initiatives to achieve nationwide gigabit broadband coverage by 2030. Spain is driving forward its fibre infrastructure with significant investment and legislative support to promote competition and digitisation.

Although Europe’s fibre-optic cable manufacturing industry is fairly small on a global scale, it’s becoming increasingly important for the continent's digital transformation. Demand for high-speed internet in Europe is on the rise due to the increase in data-intensive services, like streaming platforms. Telecommunications companies have invested heavily in fibre-optic technology to upgrade their infrastructures, inflating demand for fibre-optic cables. Fibre-optic cables are also essential for expanding the 5G network, as they connect numerous small base stations and enable the required data transfer rates. They’re also used in the automotive industry, sensor technology and robotics. Over the five years through 2025, fibre-optic cable manufacturing revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.4% to €4 billion, including a forecast hike of 4.1% in 2025. Consumers and businesses are increasingly valuing fast internet connection, resulting in telecommunications companies investing heavily in their fibre-optic infrastructure, ramping up profitability over the past five years. However, the development of fibre-optic networks in Europe varies between countries. According to the German Broadband Association, in 2022, fibre-optic penetration in Germany was around 26%, while the UK reported a penetration rate of 33% at the beginning of 2022. In contrast, Spain (89%), Portugal (87%) and Sweden (84%) had a much higher penetration rate at the end of 2021. In Sweden, telecommunication companies have rejected transitional technologies like vectoring, which has led to a faster roll-out of fibre networks, avoiding delays in roll-out that have occurred in other countries. The automotive market also provides a healthy market for fibre-optic cable manufactures, a sector that has been experiencing a slow recovery from its pandemic-driven tumble amid severe supply chain disruptions. Over the five years through 2030, revenue is slated to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to €5.2 billion. Western Europe isn’t particularly attractive for the production of fibre-optic cables due to low sales volume, high labour costs and market dominance by subsidiaries of international corporations. However, several Western European countries are actively investing in and expanding their fibre-optic infrastructure, which should promote future sales. The European Commission has announced investments of around €850 million for the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Digital second Work Programme in the four years through 2027. The UK and Germany have also launched initiatives to achieve nationwide gigabit broadband coverage by 2030. Spain is driving forward its fibre infrastructure with significant investment and legislative support to promote competition and digitisation.

This dataset compares four cities FIXED-line broadband internet speeds: - Melbourne, AU - Bangkok, TH - Shanghai, CN - Los Angeles, US - Alice Springs, AU

ERRATA: 1.Data is for Q3 2020, but some files are labelled incorrectly as 02-20 of June 20. They all should read Sept 20, or 09-20 as Q3 20, rather than Q2. Will rename and reload. Amended in v7.

1. LAX file named 0320, when should be Q320. Amended in v8.

*lines of data for each geojson file; a line equates to a 600m^2 location, inc total tests, devices used, and average upload and download speed - MEL 16181 locations/lines => 0.85M speedtests (16.7 tests per 100people) - SHG 31745 lines => 0.65M speedtests (2.5/100pp) - BKK 29296 lines => 1.5M speedtests (14.3/100pp) - LAX 15899 lines => 1.3M speedtests (10.4/100pp) - ALC 76 lines => 500 speedtests (2/100pp)

Geojsons of these 2* by 2* extracts for MEL, BKK, SHG now added, and LAX added v6. Alice Springs added v15.

This dataset unpacks, geospatially, data summaries provided in Speedtest Global Index (linked below). See Jupyter Notebook (*.ipynb) to interrogate geo data. See link to install Jupyter.

** To Do Will add Google Map versions so everyone can see without installing Jupyter. - Link to Google Map (BKK) added below. Key:Green > 100Mbps(Superfast). Black > 500Mbps (Ultrafast). CSV provided. Code in Speedtestv1.1.ipynb Jupyter Notebook. - Community (Whirlpool) surprised [Link: https://whrl.pl/RgAPTl] that Melb has 20% at or above 100Mbps. Suggest plot Top 20% on map for community. Google Map link - now added (and tweet).

** Python melb = au_tiles.cx[144:146 , -39:-37] #Lat/Lon extract shg = tiles.cx[120:122 , 30:32] #Lat/Lon extract bkk = tiles.cx[100:102 , 13:15] #Lat/Lon extract lax = tiles.cx[-118:-120, 33:35] #lat/Lon extract ALC=tiles.cx[132:134, -22:-24] #Lat/Lon extract

Histograms (v9), and data visualisations (v3,5,9,11) will be provided. Data Sourced from - This is an extract of Speedtest Open data available at Amazon WS (link below - opendata.aws).

**VERSIONS v.24 Add tweet and google map of Top 20% (over 100Mbps locations) in Mel Q322. Add v.1.5 MEL-Superfast notebook, and CSV of results (now on Google Map; link below). v23. Add graph of 2022 Broadband distribution, and compare 2020 - 2022. Updated v1.4 Jupyter notebook. v22. Add Import ipynb; workflow-import-4cities. v21. Add Q3 2022 data; five cities inc ALC. Geojson files. (2020; 4.3M tests 2022; 2.9M tests)

Melb 14784 lines Avg download speed 69.4M Tests 0.39M

SHG 31207 lines Avg 233.7M Tests 0.56M

ALC 113 lines Avg 51.5M Test 1092

BKK 29684 lines Avg 215.9M Tests 1.2M

LAX 15505 lines Avg 218.5M Tests 0.74M

v20. Speedtest - Five Cities inc ALC. v19. Add ALC2.ipynb. v18. Add ALC line graph. v17. Added ipynb for ALC. Added ALC to title.v16. Load Alice Springs Data Q221 - csv. Added Google Map link of ALC. v15. Load Melb Q1 2021 data - csv. V14. Added Melb Q1 2021 data - geojson. v13. Added Twitter link to pics. v12 Add Line-Compare pic (fastest 1000 locations) inc Jupyter (nbn-intl-v1.2.ipynb). v11 Add Line-Compare pic, plotting Four Cities on a graph. v10 Add Four Histograms in one pic. v9 Add Histogram for Four Cities. Add NBN-Intl.v1.1.ipynb (Jupyter Notebook). v8 Renamed LAX file to Q3, rather than 03. v7 Amended file names of BKK files to correctly label as Q3, not Q2 or 06. v6 Added LAX file. v5 Add screenshot of BKK Google Map. v4 Add BKK Google map(link below), and BKK csv mapping files. v3 replaced MEL map with big key version. Prev key was very tiny in top right corner. v2 Uploaded MEL, SHG, BKK data and Jupyter Notebook v1 Metadata record

** LICENCE AWS data licence on Speedtest data is "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0", so use of this data must be: - non-commercial (NC) - reuse must be share-alike (SA)(add same licence). This restricts the standard CC-BY Figshare licence.

** Other uses of Speedtest Open Data; - see link at Speedtest below.

Although Europe’s fibre-optic cable manufacturing industry is fairly small on a global scale, it’s becoming increasingly important for the continent's digital transformation. Demand for high-speed internet in Europe is on the rise due to the increase in data-intensive services, like streaming platforms. Telecommunications companies have invested heavily in fibre-optic technology to upgrade their infrastructures, inflating demand for fibre-optic cables. Fibre-optic cables are also essential for expanding the 5G network, as they connect numerous small base stations and enable the required data transfer rates. They’re also used in the automotive industry, sensor technology and robotics. Over the five years through 2025, fibre-optic cable manufacturing revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.4% to €4 billion, including a forecast hike of 4.1% in 2025. Consumers and businesses are increasingly valuing fast internet connection, resulting in telecommunications companies investing heavily in their fibre-optic infrastructure, ramping up profitability over the past five years. However, the development of fibre-optic networks in Europe varies between countries. According to the German Broadband Association, in 2022, fibre-optic penetration in Germany was around 26%, while the UK reported a penetration rate of 33% at the beginning of 2022. In contrast, Spain (89%), Portugal (87%) and Sweden (84%) had a much higher penetration rate at the end of 2021. In Sweden, telecommunication companies have rejected transitional technologies like vectoring, which has led to a faster roll-out of fibre networks, avoiding delays in roll-out that have occurred in other countries. The automotive market also provides a healthy market for fibre-optic cable manufactures, a sector that has been experiencing a slow recovery from its pandemic-driven tumble amid severe supply chain disruptions. Over the five years through 2030, revenue is slated to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to €5.2 billion. Western Europe isn’t particularly attractive for the production of fibre-optic cables due to low sales volume, high labour costs and market dominance by subsidiaries of international corporations. However, several Western European countries are actively investing in and expanding their fibre-optic infrastructure, which should promote future sales. The European Commission has announced investments of around €850 million for the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Digital second Work Programme in the four years through 2027. The UK and Germany have also launched initiatives to achieve nationwide gigabit broadband coverage by 2030. Spain is driving forward its fibre infrastructure with significant investment and legislative support to promote competition and digitisation.

Although Europe’s fibre-optic cable manufacturing industry is fairly small on a global scale, it’s becoming increasingly important for the continent's digital transformation. Demand for high-speed internet in Europe is on the rise due to the increase in data-intensive services, like streaming platforms. Telecommunications companies have invested heavily in fibre-optic technology to upgrade their infrastructures, inflating demand for fibre-optic cables. Fibre-optic cables are also essential for expanding the 5G network, as they connect numerous small base stations and enable the required data transfer rates. They’re also used in the automotive industry, sensor technology and robotics. Over the five years through 2025, fibre-optic cable manufacturing revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.4% to €4 billion, including a forecast hike of 4.1% in 2025. Consumers and businesses are increasingly valuing fast internet connection, resulting in telecommunications companies investing heavily in their fibre-optic infrastructure, ramping up profitability over the past five years. However, the development of fibre-optic networks in Europe varies between countries. According to the German Broadband Association, in 2022, fibre-optic penetration in Germany was around 26%, while the UK reported a penetration rate of 33% at the beginning of 2022. In contrast, Spain (89%), Portugal (87%) and Sweden (84%) had a much higher penetration rate at the end of 2021. In Sweden, telecommunication companies have rejected transitional technologies like vectoring, which has led to a faster roll-out of fibre networks, avoiding delays in roll-out that have occurred in other countries. The automotive market also provides a healthy market for fibre-optic cable manufactures, a sector that has been experiencing a slow recovery from its pandemic-driven tumble amid severe supply chain disruptions. Over the five years through 2030, revenue is slated to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to €5.2 billion. Western Europe isn’t particularly attractive for the production of fibre-optic cables due to low sales volume, high labour costs and market dominance by subsidiaries of international corporations. However, several Western European countries are actively investing in and expanding their fibre-optic infrastructure, which should promote future sales. The European Commission has announced investments of around €850 million for the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Digital second Work Programme in the four years through 2027. The UK and Germany have also launched initiatives to achieve nationwide gigabit broadband coverage by 2030. Spain is driving forward its fibre infrastructure with significant investment and legislative support to promote competition and digitisation.

As of March 2022, Fibre *** broadband connections in New Zealand provided by Spark reached download speeds of ***** megabits per second over the course of the whole day. The average download speeds of Fibre *** provided by other providers was slightly lower for the same period.

Although Europe’s fibre-optic cable manufacturing industry is fairly small on a global scale, it’s becoming increasingly important for the continent's digital transformation. Demand for high-speed internet in Europe is on the rise due to the increase in data-intensive services, like streaming platforms. Telecommunications companies have invested heavily in fibre-optic technology to upgrade their infrastructures, inflating demand for fibre-optic cables. Fibre-optic cables are also essential for expanding the 5G network, as they connect numerous small base stations and enable the required data transfer rates. They’re also used in the automotive industry, sensor technology and robotics. Over the five years through 2025, fibre-optic cable manufacturing revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.4% to €4 billion, including a forecast hike of 4.1% in 2025. Consumers and businesses are increasingly valuing fast internet connection, resulting in telecommunications companies investing heavily in their fibre-optic infrastructure, ramping up profitability over the past five years. However, the development of fibre-optic networks in Europe varies between countries. According to the German Broadband Association, in 2022, fibre-optic penetration in Germany was around 26%, while the UK reported a penetration rate of 33% at the beginning of 2022. In contrast, Spain (89%), Portugal (87%) and Sweden (84%) had a much higher penetration rate at the end of 2021. In Sweden, telecommunication companies have rejected transitional technologies like vectoring, which has led to a faster roll-out of fibre networks, avoiding delays in roll-out that have occurred in other countries. The automotive market also provides a healthy market for fibre-optic cable manufactures, a sector that has been experiencing a slow recovery from its pandemic-driven tumble amid severe supply chain disruptions. Over the five years through 2030, revenue is slated to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to €5.2 billion. Western Europe isn’t particularly attractive for the production of fibre-optic cables due to low sales volume, high labour costs and market dominance by subsidiaries of international corporations. However, several Western European countries are actively investing in and expanding their fibre-optic infrastructure, which should promote future sales. The European Commission has announced investments of around €850 million for the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Digital second Work Programme in the four years through 2027. The UK and Germany have also launched initiatives to achieve nationwide gigabit broadband coverage by 2030. Spain is driving forward its fibre infrastructure with significant investment and legislative support to promote competition and digitisation.

Ofcom's Guidance on this Dataset;To create our Connected Nations 2022 report, Ofcom collected and analysed data from over 70 fixed network and fixed wireless access (FWA) providers. This file provides information on fixed broadband coverage and broadband availability from FWA at Census Output Area level. For England and Wales the 2021 Census Output Areas are used, whereas the 2011 Census Output Areas are used for Scotland and Northern Ireland.The coverage availability was collected as a snapshot in September 2022. Our methodology provides details of our approach to collecting and analysing coverage data. Gigabit-capable coverage was introduced in the Connected Nations 2020 report and includes all coverage from full fibre networks and upgraded cable networks that are capable of delivering download speeds of 1 Gbit/s or higher. Since its introduction, we no longer report on full fibre coverage due to commercial confidentiality. Also, since the Connected Nations 2020 report, it is no longer possible to identify superfast coverage from FWA provision, due to changes in the collection of coverage information from Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs). Hence, we only report on the availability of decent broadband (at least 10Mbit/s downstream and 1Mbit/s upstream speeds) from FWA.If you have any questions or feedback on the data, please contact us at open.data@ofcom.org.uk.We are providing this data on an open basis via the Open Government Licence, which gives users various freedoms about how they choose to use the data, subject to conditions.Supporting DocumentRevision note[8 Feb 2023] – Since the report was published on 15 December 2022, we have identified additional premises that should have been reported as covered by full fibre and gigabit-capable networks.

The fiber optic connectivity market is capturing a valuation of US$ 3.1 billion in 2023 and is predicted to reach US$ 7.7 billion by 2033. The market is registering a CAGR of 9.5% during the forecast period.

Attribute	Details
Market CAGR (2023 to 2033)	9.5%
Market Valuation (2023)	US$ 3.1 billion
Market Valuation (2033)	US$ 7.7 billion

Which Region is Performing Better in the Global Market?

Countries	CAGR % 2033 to End of Forecast (2033)
The United States	20.1%
Germany	8.7%
Japan	6.2%
Australia	2.9%
China	11.6%
India	10.3%
The United Kingdom	9.2%

Scope of Report

Attribute	Details
Forecast Period	2023 to 2033
Historical Data Available for	2018 to 2022
Market Analysis	US$ billion for Value
Key Countries Covered	The United States, The United Kingdom, Japan, India, China, Australia, Germany
Key Segments Covered	Component Industry Region
Key Companies Profiled	Adtell Integration Adtran Inc. Broadcom Cisco Systems Inc. Corning Incorporated Fiber Optic Services (FOS) Finisar Corporation Fujitsu Optical Components Ltd. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Huawei Technologies Co. HUBER+SUHNER AG Infinera Corporation OptiLayer GmbH Optiwave Systems, Inc. ZTE Corporation
Report Coverage	Market Forecast, Company Share Analysis, Competition Intelligence, DROT Analysis, Market Dynamics and Challenges, and Strategic Growth Initiatives
Customization & Pricing	Available upon Request

A US Geological Survey Next Generation Water Observing Systems (NGWOS) Research and Development 'testbed' site was established near the Kankakee River in LaPorte County, IN for the purpose of quantifying the effects of groundwater and surface water interactions on the fate and transport of excess nutrients, specifically nitrate. A Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-DTS) survey was conducted within the stream reach adjacent to a well cluster to pinpoint areas of discrete groundwater discharge to the river. DTS data were used to identify locations where longer-term deployments of vertical temperature profilers (VTP) were conducted to indirectly estimate vertical groundwater discharge (m/d) at the shallow streambed interface through time using collected temperature time-series. Point measurements of streambed thermal properties were made using a Tempos thermal property analyzer where the DTS survey suggested discrete groundwater seepage was occurring. This was done in efforts to support the future modeling of groundwater discharge rates (1D, i.e., L/T) using collected vertical temperature profiles from installed VTP's. VTP data from Kankakee are still actively being collected so these data are not included in this data release, however; thermal properties of the sediments are included. Seepage meter measurements were made at select locations on the streambed to better understand flux occurring at the streambed interface using direct measurements of discharge. When these meters were emplaced piezometers were installed next to them for determining vertical hydraulic gradients. This information was used to determine estimates of vertical hydraulic conductivity when combined with measured groundwater discharge rates from the seepage meters. Piezometers were pumped and instantaneous water quality information was collected using water quality sondes (YSI EXO2) in the field. Continuous water level information was also collected (In-Situ LevelTroll and AquaTroll) in some of the piezometers to monitor diurnal changes that might occur during the deployment period. This data release includes 5 compressed folders: 1) FO_DTS_PROCESSED_KANKAKEE.zip includes all processed FO-DTS data including a local readme.txt file that explains the contents in detail. 2) FO_DTS_RAW_KANKAKEE.zip includes all raw FO-DTS data including a local readme.txt file that explains the contents in detail. 3) SEEPAGE_AND_GRADIENTS_KANKAKEE.zip includes all the information related to piezometers and seepage meters including a local readme.txt file that explains the contents in detail. This folder also contains data on the thermal properties of the streambed sediments. 4) KANKAKEE_DTSCABLELINE.zip includes an ESRI ArcGIS shapefile and associated files that show the FODTS line layout as interpolated between GPS points collected along the line for georeferencing 5) KANKAKEE_MEASUREMENT_LOCATIONS includes an ESRI ArcGIS shapefile and associated files that show locations where measurements contained in this data release were made. References for methods and data contained in this data release: Barclay, J. R., Briggs, M. A., Moore, E. M., Starn, J. J., Hanson, A. E. H., & Helton, A. M. (2022). Where groundwater seeps: Evaluating modeled groundwater discharge patterns with thermal infrared surveys at the river-network scale. Advances in Water Resources, 160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104108 Briggs, M. A., Jackson, K. E., Liu, F., Moore, E. M., Bisson, A., & Helton, A. M. (2022). Exploring Local Riverbank Sediment Controls on the Occurrence of Preferential Groundwater Discharge Points. Water, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010011 Tyler, S.W., Selker, J.S., Hausner, M.B., Hatch C.E., Torgersen, T., Thodal C.E., Schladow, G.S. (2008). Environmental temperature sensing using Raman spectra DTS fiber-optic methods. Water Resources Research, Vol. 45. doi:10.1029/2008WR007052, 2009 Rosenberry & Hayashi (2013). Assessing and Measuring Wetland Hydrology, Chpt. 3. Cunningham, W.L., and Schalk, C.W., comps., 2011, Groundwater Technical Procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 1, chap. A1, 151 p.https://doi.org/10.3133/tm1A1

United States Fiber Optic Cable Market The United States fiber optic cable market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 9.66% during the forecast period of 2025-2033. This growth is driven by increasing demand for high-speed internet connectivity, data center expansion, and government initiatives for broadband infrastructure development. The major market segments include telecommunications, power utilities, defense/military, and industrial applications. Key players in the market include Corning Inc., Prysmian Group, and Sterlite Technologies. European Fiber Optic Cable Market The European fiber optic cable market is expected to witness a steady growth rate over the next eight years, reaching a value of 3.10 million by 2033. The market is primarily driven by the increasing demand for high-speed broadband networks, cloud computing services, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Key market segments include telecommunication, power utilities, and defense/military applications. Leading companies in the region include Weinert Industries AG, Coherent Corporation, and Nexans SA. Recent developments include: January 2023 - Italy-based Prysmian Group introduced an 864-fiber version of its Sirocco HD micro duct cables. The new cable squeezes 864 fibers into a diameter of 11.0 mm, which produces a fiber density of 9.1 fibers per square millimeter. The fiber cable can be installed in a 13-mm duct., October 2022 - STL announced its plans to establish its first U.S. cable manufacturing plant in South Carolina, United States. According to the company, the manufacturing facility will primarily manufacture optical cables., August 2022 - Corning Incorporated announced that it is expanding optical cable manufacturing capacity in response to a long-term engagement with the nation's largest fiber internet provider as the carrier extends fiber service. Corning intends to develop its strategic investments in optical fiber, cable, and connectivity solutions to satisfy the unprecedented need by building a new cable production facility in Gilbert, Arizona, a part of the Greater Phoenix area.. Key drivers for this market are: The Increased Data Traffic Creates the Demand for Fiber Optic Cable Network, Rising Investment in Fiber Optic and 5G Deployment. Potential restraints include: Negative Statistics Due to the Regulatory Risks and Technological Changes. Notable trends are: Rising Investment in Fiber Optic and 5G Deployment Drives the Market.

This child page contains fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing data collected from March 13-March 16, 2018 at the North Chevalier Field Disposal Area (Site 11) at Naval Air Station Pensacola in Pensacola Bay in Florida. A fiber-optic cable was run on the bottom of the bay parallel to the shoreline along an approximate 370-meter reach. The cable was installed near the shoreline just far enough offshore that most of it remained submerged at low tide. At the end of the reach, the cable was doubled back and installed parallel to, and approximately one meter offshore, of the first run. At the end of the second run, the cable was run ashore and connected to an Oryx Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) system. Near the DTS, several coils of the fiber optic cable were submerged in an ice slurry for the duration of the survey as a quality control measure. Temperature was measured every 15 minutes at one-meter intervals along the length of the cable. The temperature data, which are reported by the instrument as linear fiber distance, were georeferenced using a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) for the purpose of relating known points in space to the distance along the fiber-optic cable. Additional details of the temperature survey can be found using the link to the companion U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Scientific Investigations Report.

This child item contains fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) data collected along the streambed interface of two streams named Cement Creek and California Gulch Creek, as well as the Animas River, located near Silverton Colorado. The FO-DTS method utilizes the temperature-dependent backscatter of light pulses emitted along armored fiber-optic cables to evaluate temperature at discrete linear sampling locations. For these deployments a Salixa XT-DTS control unit (Salixa Ltd, Hertfordshire, UK) was used, and measurements were made over several day increments at 0.508 m linear resolution along the streambed interface. Specific locations for collected data are located within the data files, and additional details are contained in the ‘readme’ files within each zip data directory.

This data release consists of two datasets, each accessible in its own child page, collected at the North Chevalier Field Disposal Area (Site 11) at Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida. Site 11 is adjacent to Bayou Grande, which empties into Pensacola Bay. The first dataset consists of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing data collected from March 13-March 16, 2018. The second dataset consists of specific conductance and temperature data collected from September 12, 2018-September 19,2022 from a series of shallow drivepoints installed along the shoreline at Site 11.

The size of the Fiber Optic Preform Market market was valued at USD 5.86 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 24.40 billion by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 22.6 % during the forecast period. The fiber optic preform market involves the process of the fabrication of cylindrical glass rods that are used as the primary material used in the development of fiber optic cables. These preforms are widely used in telecommunications and data transmission due to their capability to carries light with low signal attenuation. Most of the key applications include internet connection, cable television as well as data centers’ connectivity. The market is propelled by rising need for enhanced and efficient communication networks, use of fiber optics and the development of the 5G network. Some trends that are in use are the improvements of the preforms manufacturing technologies to augment the preform performance and to decrease their costs, usage of the environmentally friendly materials and technologies. This is because the market is being driven by the need for enhancing data bandwidth and network application. Recent developments include: In June 2023, Finolex Cables Limited, an Indian manufacturing company specializing in telecommunication and electrical cables, disclosed plans for a significant investment at its Urse facility in Pune. The company planned to allocate Rs. 390 crore for this venture. A substantial portion of Rs. 290 crores was planned to be dedicated to establishing a new fiber preform plant, while approximately Rs. 100 crores were planned to be utilized in the expansion of their solar cables' manufacturing capacity. This investment highlights Finolex Cables' commitment to enhancing its production capabilities and further strengthening its position in the market. , In January 2023, Light Brigade announced enhancing its capacity for fiber skills training by establishing two new academies on the East Coast. As the Fiber Optic Industry experiences rapid growth and heightened demand, Light Brigade is dedicated to expanding its training courses and locations. The strategic placement of an academy on the East Coast enables Light Brigade to provide the industry with a centralized hub for a wide range of classes. , In August 2022, Light Brigade announced enhancing its capacity for fiber skills training by establishing two new academies on the East Coast. As the fiber optic industry experiences rapid growth and heightened demand, Light Brigade is dedicated to expanding its training courses and locations. The strategic placement of an academy on the East Coast enables Light Brigade to provide the industry with a centralized hub for a wide range of classes. It is essential for both emerging and experienced technicians to ensure they have access to the necessary training and skills critical for their profession. , In April 2022, ROSENDAHL NEXTROM, a part of the Knill Gruppe, specializing in manufacturing solutions for optical preforms, fibers, and fiber optic cables, recognized the importance of advancing its research and development capabilities to stay ahead. In line with this vision, the company made a substantial investment to propel itself into the future. This dedicated effort ensures that it continues to offer its customers and partners state-of-the-art technology, enabling them to remain at the forefront of preform, fiber, and fiber optic cable production technology. , In November 2022, the Telangana Government implemented the T-Fiber program to provide broadband connectivity to households in the state. STL was handed a work order worth approximately Rs. 1100 crore for Phase 1 of the project, with the total project value estimated at around Rs. 1800 crore. The project involves designing, building, and managing a rural broadband network across 11 districts and 3000 gram panchayats in Telangana. STL was also entrusted to handle the network's maintenance and operations for the next seven years, thereby planning to generate a significant revenue stream. .

Although Europe’s fibre-optic cable manufacturing industry is fairly small on a global scale, it’s becoming increasingly important for the continent's digital transformation. Demand for high-speed internet in Europe is on the rise due to the increase in data-intensive services, like streaming platforms. Telecommunications companies have invested heavily in fibre-optic technology to upgrade their infrastructures, inflating demand for fibre-optic cables. Fibre-optic cables are also essential for expanding the 5G network, as they connect numerous small base stations and enable the required data transfer rates. They’re also used in the automotive industry, sensor technology and robotics. Over the five years through 2025, fibre-optic cable manufacturing revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 3.4% to €4 billion, including a forecast hike of 4.1% in 2025. Consumers and businesses are increasingly valuing fast internet connection, resulting in telecommunications companies investing heavily in their fibre-optic infrastructure, ramping up profitability over the past five years. However, the development of fibre-optic networks in Europe varies between countries. According to the German Broadband Association, in 2022, fibre-optic penetration in Germany was around 26%, while the UK reported a penetration rate of 33% at the beginning of 2022. In contrast, Spain (89%), Portugal (87%) and Sweden (84%) had a much higher penetration rate at the end of 2021. In Sweden, telecommunication companies have rejected transitional technologies like vectoring, which has led to a faster roll-out of fibre networks, avoiding delays in roll-out that have occurred in other countries. The automotive market also provides a healthy market for fibre-optic cable manufactures, a sector that has been experiencing a slow recovery from its pandemic-driven tumble amid severe supply chain disruptions. Over the five years through 2030, revenue is slated to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.4% to €5.2 billion. Western Europe isn’t particularly attractive for the production of fibre-optic cables due to low sales volume, high labour costs and market dominance by subsidiaries of international corporations. However, several Western European countries are actively investing in and expanding their fibre-optic infrastructure, which should promote future sales. The European Commission has announced investments of around €850 million for the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Digital second Work Programme in the four years through 2027. The UK and Germany have also launched initiatives to achieve nationwide gigabit broadband coverage by 2030. Spain is driving forward its fibre infrastructure with significant investment and legislative support to promote competition and digitisation.