Context

The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) spearheads the conduct of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) nationwide. The survey, which is undertaken every three (3) years, is aimed at providing data on family income and expenditure, including, among others, levels of consumption by item of expenditure, sources of income in cash, and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines.

Content

Inside this data set is some selected variables from the latest Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) in the Philippines. It contains more than 40k observations and 60 variables which is primarily comprised of the household income and expenditures of that specific household

Acknowledgements

The Philippine Statistics Authority for providing the publisher with their raw data

Inspiration

Socio-economic classification models in the Philippines has been very problematic. In fact, not one SEC model has been widely accepted. Government bodies uses their own SEC models and private research entities uses their own. We all know that household income is the greatest indicator of one's socio-economic classification that's why the publisher would like to find out the following:

1) Best model in predicting household income 2) Key drivers of household income, we want to make the model as sparse as possible 3) Some exploratory analysis in the data would also be useful

Average Family Income: Philippines: Three Persons data was reported at 237,000.000 PHP in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 214,000.000 PHP for 2012. Average Family Income: Philippines: Three Persons data is updated yearly, averaging 225,500.000 PHP from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2015, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 237,000.000 PHP in 2015 and a record low of 214,000.000 PHP in 2012. Average Family Income: Philippines: Three Persons data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.H021: Family Income and Expenditure Survey: Average Annual Income: By Family Size and Income Group.

Abstract

The 1994 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) is a nationwide survey of households undertaken by the National Statistics Office (NSO). Similar surveys were conducted in 1956-1957, 1961, 1965, 1971, 1975, 1979, 1985 and 1988. Like the previous surveys, this undertaking aims to accomplish the following primary objectives:

1. to gather data on family income and family living expenditures and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines;

2. to determine the sources of income and income distribution, levels of living and spending patterns, and the degree of inequality among families;

3. to provide benchmark information to update weights for the estimation of consumer price index (CPI)

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household Consumption expenditure item Income by source

Universe

The 1994 FIES has as its target population, all households and members of households nationwide. Institutional population is not within the scope of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the 1994 FIES adopts that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH), which uses a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design. It is prepared by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Technical Committee on Survey Design and first implemented in 1984. It is the same sampling design used in the ISH modules starting in 1986.

The urban and rural areas of each province are the principal domains of the survey. In addition, the urban and rural areas of cities with a population of 150,000 or more as of 1990 are also made domains of the survey with rural and urban dimensions. These include the four cities and five municipalities of Metro Manila (Manila, Quezon City, Pasay and Caloocan; Valenzuela, Parañaque, Pasig, Marikina and Makati), and other key cities such as Baguio, Angeles, Cabanatuan, Olongapo, Batangas, Lipa, Lucena, San Pablo, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Mandaue, Zamboanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, General Santos, and Iligan and key municipalities such as San Fernando, Pampanga and Tarlac, Tarlac.

Sampling Units and Sampling Frame The primary sampling units (PSUs) under the sample design are the barangays and the households within each sample barangay comprise the secondary sampling units (SSUs).

The frame from which the sample barangays are drawn is obtained from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing (CPH). Hence, all the approximately 40,000 barangays covered in the 1990 CPH are part of the primary sampling frame.

The sampling frame for the SSUs, that is, the households, is prepared by listing all households in each of the selected sample barangays. The listing operation is conducted regularly in the sample barangays to update the secondary sampling frame from where the sample households are selected.

Sample Size and Sampling Fraction The size of the sample is envisioned to meet the demand for fairly adequate statistics at the domain level. Taking this need into account and considering cost constraints as well, the decision reached is for a national sample of about 26,000 households.

In general, the sample design results in self-weighting samples within domains, with a uniform sampling fraction of 1:400 for urban and 1:600 for rural areas. However, special areas are assigned different sampling fractions so as to obtain "adequate" samples for each. Special areas refer to the urban and rural areas of a province or large city which are small relative to their counterparts.

Selection of Samples For the purpose of selecting PSUs, the barangay in each domain are arranged by population size (as of the 1990 Census of Population) in descending order and then grouped into strata of approximately equal sizes. Four independent PSUs are drawn with probability proportional to size with complete replacement.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire has five main parts consisting of the following: Part I. Identification and Other Information (Geographic Identification, Other Information and Particulars about the Family)

Part II. Expenditures and Other Disbursements Section A. Food, Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco Section B. Fuel, Light and Water, Transportation and Communication, Household Operations Section C. Personal Care and Effects, Clothing Footwear and Other Wear Section D. Education, Recreation, and Medical Care Section E. Furnishings and Equipment Section F. Taxes Section G. Housing, House Maintenance and Minor Repairs Section H. Miscellaneous Expenditures Section I. Other Disbursements

Part III. Income Section A. Salaries and Wages from Employment Section B. Net Share of Crops, Fruits and Vegetables Produced and/or Livestock and Poultry Raised by Other Households Section C. Other Sources of Income Section D. Other Receipts Section F. Family Sustenance Activities

Part IV. Entrepreneurial Activities Section A1. Crop Farming and Gardening Section A2. Livestock and Poultry Raising Section A3. Fishing Section A4. Forestry and Hunting Section A5. Wholesale and Retail Section A6. Manufacturing Section A7. Community, Social, Recreational and Personal Services Section A8. Transportation, Storage and Communication Services Section A9. Mining and Quarrying Section A10. Construction Section A11. Entrepreneurial Activities Not Elsewhere Classified

Part V: Health - Care Section A. Health - care Expenditures Section B. Health Insurance

Cleaning operations

The 1994 FIES questionnaire contains about 800 data items and a guide for comparing income and expenditures and internal consistency.

Upon submission of the data diskettes containing first and second visit data, a summary file was extracted from the entire file through a computer program.

The questionnaires were further subjected to a rigorous manual and machine edit checks for completeness, arithmetic accuracy, range validity and internal consistency. Items failing any of the edit checks were either corrected automatically by the computer on the basis of pre-determined specifications or, when needed, examined in a clerical error-reconciliation operation.

The electronic data-processing (EDP) system developed by the NSO Data Processing Staff and used in the 1985 and 1988 FIES was generally adopted in processing the 1991 FIES with few modifications. There are thirteen (13) major steps in the machine processing of the 1991 FIES and these are as follows: 1. Data entry and verification 2. Structural editing (minor edit) 3. Edit list verification/correction 4. Update 5. Completeness check 6. Completeness check list verification/correction 7. Identification verification 8. Extraction of summary file for preliminary results 9. Matching of visit records (big edit) 10. Internal consistency checks (big edit) 11. Reject lists verification/correction 12. Update 13. Expansion 14. Tabulation 15. Generation of CPI weight tables 16. Variance analysis

Steps 1 to 8 were performed right after each visit while the remaining steps were carried out upon completion of the data collection for the first and second visits. Steps 1 to 7 were implemented at the regional offices. In addition, except for NCR, Region 3, 6, 7 and the province of Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi and Zamboanga City which were handled by the Central Office. Steps 10 and 11 were likewise undertaken in the regional offices. The first passes of reject listings were sent to the regional offices for verification and correction/updates are sent back to the Central Office for data file updating. Meanwhile, steps 8, 9 and all the concluding steps were handles by the Central Office.

For data entry, IMPS (Integrated Microcomputer Processing System) was used.

Response rate

The response rate is the ratio of the total responding households to the total number of eligible households. Eligible households include households who were completely interviewed, refused to be interviewed or were temporarily away or not at home or on vacation during the survey period.

Sampling error estimates

As in all surveys, two types of non-response were encountered in the 1994 FIES: interview non-response and item non-response. Interview non-response refers to a sample household that could not be interviewed. Since the survey requires that the sample households be interviewed in both visits, households that transferred to another dwelling unit, temporarily away, on vacation, not at home, household unit demolished, destroyed by fire/typhoon and refusal to be interviewed in the second visit contributed to the number of interview non-response cases.

Item non-response, or the failure to obtain responses to particular survey items, resulted from factors such as respondents being unaware of the answer to a particular question, unwilling to provide the requested information or ENs' omission of questions during the interview. Deterministic imputation was done to address item nonresponse. This imputation is a process in which proper entry for a particular missing item was deduced from other items of the questionnaire where the non-response item was observed. Notes and remarks indicated in the questionnaire were likewise used as basis for imputation.

Philippines Average Family Income: Region III, Central Luzon data was reported at 299,000.000 PHP in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 259,000.000 PHP for 2012. Philippines Average Family Income: Region III, Central Luzon data is updated yearly, averaging 155,724.500 PHP from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 299,000.000 PHP in 2015 and a record low of 46,855.000 PHP in 1988. Philippines Average Family Income: Region III, Central Luzon data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.H020: Family Income and Expenditure Survey: Average Annual Income, Expenditure and Saving: By Region.

The National Caputal Region (NCR) recorded the highest average annual family expenditure in the Philippines, amounting to 385,050 Philippine pesos, according to preliminary estimates for 2023. In contrast, BARMM had the lowest expenditure, with 168,910 Philippine pesos. Overall, the country's average annual family income was reported at approximately 258,050 Philippine pesos for that year.

Abstract

The STEP Measurement program is the first ever initiative to generate internationally comparable data on skills available in developing countries. The program implements standardized surveys to gather information on the supply and distribution of skills and the demand for skills in labor market of low-income countries.

The uniquely-designed Household Survey includes modules that measure the cognitive skills (reading, writing and numeracy), socio-emotional skills (personality, behavior and preferences) and job-specific skills (subset of transversal skills with direct job relevance) of a representative sample of adults aged 15 to 64 living in urban areas, whether they work or not. The cognitive skills module also incorporates a direct assessment of reading literacy based on the Survey of Adults Skills instruments. Modules also gather information about family, health and language.

Geographic coverage

The STEP survey was limited to the Urban Areas.

Analysis unit

The units of analysis are the individual respondents and households. A household roster is undertaken at the start of the survey and the individual respondent is randomly selected among all household members aged 15 to 64 included. The random selection process was designed by the STEP team and compliance with the procedure is carefully monitored during fieldwork.

Universe

The target population is defined as all non-institutionalized persons aged 15 to 64 (inclusive) living in private dwellings in the urban areas of the country at the time of the data collection. This includes all residents, except foreign diplomats and non-nationals working for international organizations.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Philippines sample design is a 4-stage sample design. There was no explicit stratification but the sample is implicitly stratified by Urban Region. Implicit stratification was achieved by sorting the PSUs by Urban Region and selecting a systematic sample of PSUs.

• First Stage Sample: The primary sample unit (PSU) is a Barangay Segment. The first stage units were selected by the World Bank Survey Methodologist. Each PSU is uniquely defined by the sample frame variable ‘SEG#_BGY’, i.e., the Segment ID# within a Barangay. The sampling objective was to conduct interviews in 200 PSUs. In addition, 25 extra PSUs were selected for use in case it was impossible to conduct any interviews in one or more initially selected PSUs. (N.B. None of the 25 extra PSUs were required to be activated.)

• Second Stage Sample: The second stage sample unit (SSU) is a dwelling. The sampling objective was to obtain interviews at 15 dwellings within each selected PSU. The dwellings were selected in each PSU using a systematic random method.

• Third Stage Sample: The third stage sample unit is a household. The sampling objective is to select one household within each selected dwelling. The households are randomly selected with equal probability in each PSU. N.B. The Philippines firm indicated that all selected dwellings contained one household, i.e., there were no multiple household dwellings in the STEP sample.

• Fourth Stage Sample: The third stage sample unit was an individual aged 15-64 (inclusive). The sampling objective was to select one individual with equal probability from each selected household.

SAMPLE SIZE

The Philippines firm’s sampling objective is to obtain interviews from 3000 individuals in the urban areas of Philippines.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The STEP survey instruments include:

• Background Questionnaire developed by the WB STEP team

• Reading Literacy Assessment developed by Educational Testing Services (ETS).

All countries adapted and translated both instruments following the STEP Technical Standards: 2 independent translators adapted and translated the Background Questionnaire and Reading Literacy Assessment, while reconciliation was carried out by a third translator. The WB STEP team and ETS collaborated closely with the survey firms during the process and reviewed the adaptation and translation (using a back translation).

Cleaning operations

STEP Data Management Process:

1. Raw data is sent by the survey firm. All coding and scoring (of the Reading Literacy Assessment booklets) is carried out by the survey firms, following STEP Technical Standards. Training was provided to the survey firms at the start of the project.

2. The WB STEP team runs data checks on the Background Questionnaire data. ETS runs data checks on the Reading Literacy Assessment data. Comments and questions are sent back to the survey firm.

3. The survey firm reviews comments and questions. When a data entry error is identified, the survey firm corrects the data.

4. The WB STEP team and ETS check the data files are clean. This might require additional iterations with the survey firm.

5. Once the data has been checked and cleaned, the WB STEP team computes the weights. Weights are computed by the STEP team to ensure consistency across sampling methodologies.

6. ETS scales the Reading Literacy Assessment data.

7. The WB STEP team merges the Background Questionnaire data with the Reading Literacy Assessment data and computes derived variables. Detailed information data processing in STEP surveys is provided in the "Guidelines for STEP Data Entry Programs", provided as an external resource.

Response rate

An overall response rate of 94.8% was achieved in the Philippines STEP Survey.

Sampling error estimates

A weighting documentation was prepared for each participating country and provides some information on sampling errors. All country weighting documentations are provided as an external resource.

Abstract

The Philippines COVID-19 Households Survey represents an important part of the World Bank’s real time monitoring of COVID-19 impacts along with firm and community surveys. It aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on households’ food security and welfare, their coping strategies, education, socio-emotional state, and public policy responses. A survey firm carried out phone surveys (based on a sample frame that the firm has maintained) and self-administered web surveys facilitated by Telecommunication Firms’ (Telcos) text blasts and social media advertisement campaigns distributing the web link to the survey questions. The survey instrument and procedures have been designed in accordance with the best practices laid out by the World Bank’s COVID-19 methodology and measurement task force. The average length of the survey was 30-40 minutes and were rolled out during key periods at the course of the pandemic.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Household, individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The mixed method combining both phone and web-based surveys was employed to ensure coverage of individuals from different socio-economic backgrounds. In the self-administered online survey (CAWI), respondents received notifications through text blast and social media ads. The text blast was coordinated by the National Economic Development Authority through the National Telecommunications Commission. In the other hand, the phone survey (CATI) specifically targeted to lower income households from an existing list of the partner survey firm with a target sample of 3,000 respondents.

Sampling deviation

In rounds 2 and 3, the survey was limited to phone interviews (CATI) from the panel of 5,049 respondents in round 1. Target number of respondents was 3,000.

The team decided to simplify the methodology in the succeeding rounds due to resource constraints.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The questionnaire had core modules that were collected in each round and additional modules on focus topics. Following are the topics covered: 1) Demographics and housing characteristics (round 1) 2) Knowledge of COVID-19: awareness and behavior (round 1) 3) Government action (rounds 1, 2) 4) Access to transportation (rounds 1, 2) 5) Access to food (rounds 1, 2) 6) Access to health services (rounds 1, 2) 7) Access to education (rounds 1) 8) Access to finances (rounds 1) 9) Employment and income sources (rounds 1) 10) Coping mechanisms and safety nets (rounds 1)

Cleaning operations

Initial data cleaning was done by the survey firm in close coordination with the World Bank team. Consistency checks and formatting was done further by the World Bank team during the analysis of the data.

Response rate

Following were the final sample for each round: Round 1 - 9,448 Round 2 - 1,805 Round 3 - 2,122

Average and median market, total and after-tax income of individuals by visible minority group, Indigenous group and immigration status, Canada and provinces.

The Philippines is a densely populated country with around 104.9 million people and with 19.9 million households. On average, the household electricity consumption in the country was about 248.1-kilowatt hours in 2015, where electricity was used primarily for lighting purposes, cooking, recreation and space cooling.

Electricity energy consumption

Electricity is still the leading used energy in the Philippines. From 2008 to 2017, the consumption of electricity in different sectors of the country increased over the years. The residential sector and industrial sector were one of the major consumers of electrical energy. A sign of slowing down is nowhere near since most of the sectors rely on electricity for their operations. Although some parts of the country, especially the rural areas where families belong to the lowest income brackets used kerosene for lighting. Majority of the Filipinos belonging to the urban areas have access to electricity.

Sources of energy

Electricity is derived from different sources of energy produced by powerplants. For electricity to be produced, power plants harness different resources. As of 2018, most of the power generated by the power plants in the country came from coal. The Luzon and Mindanao areas have shown their dependency to coal while the Visayas region opted for a cleaner energy out of renewable energies.

Abstract

The 2000 Family Income and Expenditute Survey had the following objectives:

1.to gather data on family income and family living expenditures and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines;

1. t o determine the sources of income and income distribution, levels of living and spending patterns, and the degree of inequality among families;

2. to provide benchmark information to update weights in the estimation of consumer price index (CPI); and

3. to provide inputs in the estimation of the country's poverty threshold and incidence.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household Consumption expenditure item Income by source

Universe

The 2000 FIES has as its target population, all households and members of households nationwide. Institutional population is not within the scope of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the 2000 FIES adopted that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH). Starting July 1996, the sampling design of the ISH uses the new master sample design. The multi-stage sampling design of the master sample consists of 3,416 sample barangays in the expanded sample for provincial level estimates with a sub-sample of 2,247 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) designated as core master sample for regional level estimates. The 2000 FIES was based on the expanded sample.

1. Domains: The domains for the new master sample are similar to that of the previous ISH design with an addition of 23 newly created domains. The urban and rural areas of cities and municipalities with a population of 150,000 or more are considered as separate domains. The other urban and rural areas in each of the 77 provinces are likewise treated as separate domains. In view of the creation of ARMM and the separation of Marawi City and Cotabato City from Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao, respectively, the urban and rural areas of the two cities also form separate domains.

2. Sampling Units: The multi-stage sampling design of the master sample involves the selection of the sample barangays for the first stage, selection of sample enumeration areas for the second stage, and the selection of sample households for the third stage in each stratum for every domain.

The frame for the first and second stages of sample selection was based mainly on the results of the 1995 Census of Population (POPCEN). The 1995 POPCEN list of barangays with the household and population counts is used in the first stage of sample selection. The stratification of barangays included in the frame, however, are based on the 1990 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) and other administrative reports from field offices of the NSO. An enumeration area (EA) is a physical delineated portion of the barangay. For barangays that were not divided into EAs, the barangay was treated as an EA.

The enumeration areas which constitute the secondary stage sampling units are those that were formed during the 1995 POPCEN. The sample barangays were selected systematically with probability proportional to size from the list of barangays that were implicitly stratified.

Isolated barangays and/or barangays that are difficult and expensive to reach are excluded from the sampling frame. However, critical areas or barangays with peace and order problem, which is generally temporary in nature, are included in the frame.

The frame for the third stage of sample selection is the list of the households from the 1995 POPCEN. The selection of sample household for the third stage was done systematically from the 1995 POPCEN List of the Households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire has four main parts consisting of the following: Part I. Identification and Other Information (Geographic Identification, Other Information and Particulars about the Family)

Part II. Expenditures Section A. Food, Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco Section B. Fuel, Light and Water, Transportation and Communication, Household Operations Section C. Personal Care and Effects, Clothing Footwear and Other Wear Section D. Education, Recreation, and Medical Care Section E. Furnishings and Equipment Section F. Taxes Section G. Housing, House Maintenance and Minor Repairs Section H. Miscellaneous Expenditures Section I. Other Disbursements

Part III. Income Section A. Salaries and Wages from Employment Section B. Net Share of Crops, Fruits and Vegetables Produced and/or Livestock and Poultry Raised by Other Households Section C. Other Sources of Income Section D. Other Receipts Section F. Family Sustenance Activities

Part IV. Entrepreneurial Activities Section A1. Crop Farming and Gardening Section A2. Livestock and Poultry Section A3. Fishing Section A4. Forestry and hunting Section A5. Wholesale and Retail Section A6. Manufacturing Section A7. Community, Social, Recreational and Personal Services Section A8. Transportation, Storage and Communication Services Section A9. Mining and Quarrying Section A10. Construction Section A11. Entrepreneurial Activities Not Elsewhere Classified

A guide for comparing disbursements against receipts is found on the last page.

The general design of the questionnaire also includes codes inside the box usually located at the top of the framed questions. These codes are for automatic data processing purposes. Ignore them during the interview process. Take note that the paging of the questionnaire is located outside the frame on each page.

Cleaning operations

The 2000 FIES questionnaire contains about 800 data items and a summary for comparing income and expenditures. The questionnaires were subjected to a rigorous manual and machine edit checks for completeness, arithmetic accuracy, range validity and internal consistency.

The major steps in the machine processing are as follows: 1. Data entry 2. Structural, Range Edit and Consistency Edit (Minor Edit) 3. Completeness Check 4. Matching of visit records 5. Generation of the Binary file 6. Consistency and Macro Edit (Big Edit) 7. Expansion 8. Tabulation 9. Generation of CPI 10. Variance Analysis 11. Generation of the Public Use File (PUF)

Steps 1 to 3 were done right after each visit. The remaining steps were carried out only after the second visit had been completed.

Steps 1 to 6 were done at the Regional Office where Steps 4-6 were accomplished only after finishing the second visit. Steps 7 to 11 were completed in the Central Office.

After completing Steps 1 to 6, data files were transmitted to the Central Office where a summary file was generated. The summary file was used to produce the consistency tables as well as the preliminary and textual tables.

Where the generated tables showed inconsistencies, selected data items were subjected to further scrutiny and validation. The cycle of generation of consistency tables and data validation were done until questionable data items were verified.

Innovations for the 2000 FIES machine processing were carried out by the Information Technology System and Research Division of the NSO by introducing the FIES Integrated Processing System (FIPS). This is a Windows application system which facilitated data encoding, completeness and validity check.

The 2000 FIES machine processing was further enhanced using an interactive Windows-based system named FAME (FIES computer-Aided Consistency and Macro Editing). The interactive module of FAME enabled the following activities to be done simultaneously: a) Matching of visit records b) Generation of Binary files c) Consistency and Macro Edit (Big Edit) d) Range Check

The improved system minimized processing time as well as minimized, if not eliminated the need for paper to generate the reject listing.

Response rate

The response rate for the 2000 FIES is 96.6%