As of September 2024, New York ranked as the world's most attractive financial center, earning a score of *** on a comprehensive financial center rating index that considers multiple factors. London followed closely in second place with a rating of ***. What are financial centers? A financial center is a city or region that serves as a strategic hub for the financial industry, bringing together banks, trading firms, stock exchanges, and other financial institutions. These hubs are typically distinguished by strong infrastructure, a stable regulatory and political environment, favorable taxation policies, and ample opportunities for business and trade growth. According to a 2024 survey of financial services professionals, the key factors influencing a financial center's competitiveness were the business environment, human capital, and infrastructure. Financial centers by region According to the Global Financial Centers Index, the most attractive financial hubs in North America are New York, San Francisco, and Chicago. In Latin America and the Caribbean, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and Sao Paulo received the highest scores. When financial sector professionals were asked which financial centers were likely to become more significant in the next years, they pointed to Seoul, Singapore, Dubai.

Latvia LV: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 11.100 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 45.200 % for 2005. Latvia LV: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 26.100 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2013, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.200 % in 2005 and a record low of 11.100 % in 2013. Latvia LV: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Latvia – Table LV.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

Italy IT: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 27.800 % in 2019. Italy IT: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 27.800 % from Dec 2019 (Median) to 2019, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 27.800 % in 2019 and a record low of 27.800 % in 2019. Italy IT: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Italy – Table IT.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.;World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).;Unweighted average;

The financial system in Indonesia is dominated by banks with high capital and liquidity buffers, and the non-performing loan ratios appear low. The results of bank solvency stress tests suggest that the overall banking sector is resilient to multiple shocks, although there are tail risks for smaller banks. Banks also have enough liquidity to cover severe outflow shocks, although there are bank-specific risks. Broadening and deepening financial markets and services is a multidimensional endeavor requiring concerted policy efforts. The experience of high-income countries suggests that Indonesia will need to continue to broaden and deepen its financial system if it is to break the middle-income ceiling. While financial depth is increasing, it remains below peers, and access to financial services can further improve. The incentives to target riskier segments appear limited, with the banking sector’s high capital and liquidity complemented by high profitability as well as credit and deposit growth. To broaden and deepen the financial sector, the authorities will need to focus on prudential policy as well as alleviating intermediation and competition constraints. Furthermore, policy will need to facilitate the emerging objectives of green growth and resilience.

Jamaica JM: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 53.100 % in 2010. Jamaica JM: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 53.100 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2010, with 1 observations. Jamaica JM: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jamaica – Table JM.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

This Technical Note was prepared in the context of a World Bank Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) mission in the Republic of El Salvador in March 2016. This FSAP Development Module focused on (i) financial systems issues, including competition and efficiency; (ii) financial inclusion and non-bank financial institution issues, (iii) public sector banks, (iv) financial system infrastructure, including payments, remittances transfers, and credit information systems; (v) capital market and private pensions development issues; and (iv) insurance. The Technical Note describes the background and current situation of the public sector and development banks, and continues with specific recommendations directly linked with the assessment and diagnosis performed. The document contains technical analysis and detailed information underpinning the FSAP assessment’s findings and recommendations. Further information on the FSAP program can be found at www.worldbank.org/fsap.

Syria SY: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 16.000 % in 2009. Syria SY: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 16.000 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Syria SY: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Syrian Arab Republic – Table SY.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

Kazakhstan KZ: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 13.000 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 34.200 % for 2005. Kazakhstan KZ: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 21.200 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2013, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 34.200 % in 2005 and a record low of 13.000 % in 2013. Kazakhstan KZ: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kazakhstan – Table KZ.World Bank: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

Finland FI: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 42.000 % in 2020. Finland FI: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 42.000 % from Dec 2020 (Median) to 2020, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 42.000 % in 2020 and a record low of 42.000 % in 2020. Finland FI: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.;World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).;Unweighted average;

Samoa WS: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 68.700 % in 2009. Samoa WS: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 68.700 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2009, with 1 observations. Samoa WS: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Samoa – Table WS.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

Kyrgyzstan KG: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 23.300 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 23.600 % for 2005. Kyrgyzstan KG: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 20.000 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2013, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.600 % in 2005 and a record low of 11.200 % in 2002. Kyrgyzstan KG: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Kyrgyzstan – Table KG.World Bank: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

Grenada GD: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 50.300 % in 2010. Grenada GD: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 50.300 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2010, with 1 observations. Grenada GD: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Grenada – Table GD.World Bank: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

BF: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data was reported at 0.538 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.559 % for 2022. BF: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.249 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2023, with 54 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.648 % in 2013 and a record low of -0.557 % in 2020. BF: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Burkina Faso – Table BF.World Bank.WDI: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account. Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and Balance of Payments databases, World Bank, International Debt Statistics, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.;Weighted average;Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

Belize BZ: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 57.000 % in 2010. Belize BZ: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 57.000 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2010, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 57.000 % in 2010 and a record low of 57.000 % in 2010. Belize BZ: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belize – Table BZ.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.;World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).;Unweighted average;

NO: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data was reported at 0.154 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of -5.024 % for 2016. NO: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 1.166 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.185 % in 2007 and a record low of -5.024 % in 2016. NO: BOP: Financial Account: Foreign Direct Investment: Net Inflows: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.World Bank.WDI: Balance of Payments: Capital and Financial Account. Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and Balance of Payments databases, World Bank, International Debt Statistics, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average; Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

Romania RO: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 41.300 % in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 36.000 % for 2005. Romania RO: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 36.000 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2013, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41.300 % in 2013 and a record low of 26.300 % in 2002. Romania RO: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.World Bank: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

Hong Kong SAR (China) Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 9.800 % in 2023. Hong Kong SAR (China) Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 9.800 % from Dec 2023 (Median) to 2023, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.800 % in 2023 and a record low of 9.800 % in 2023. Hong Kong SAR (China) Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR (China) – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.;World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).;Unweighted average;

Suriname SR: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 57.600 % in 2010. Suriname SR: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 57.600 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2010, with 1 observations. Suriname SR: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Suriname – Table SR.World Bank: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

Mali ML: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 51.700 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 21.400 % for 2010. Mali ML: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 21.400 % from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2016, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.700 % in 2016 and a record low of 6.700 % in 2007. Mali ML: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mali – Table ML.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;

Madagascar MG: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data was reported at 19.100 % in 2013. This records a decrease from the previous number of 20.200 % for 2009. Madagascar MG: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 19.650 % from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2013, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.200 % in 2009 and a record low of 19.100 % in 2013. Madagascar MG: Firms using Banks to Finance Working Capital: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Madagascar – Table MG.World Bank: Company Statistics. Firms using banks to finance working capital are the percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital.; ; World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).; Unweighted average;