Contains 180 time series and 65 indicators that are expressed as ratios to GDP, land area, or adult population to facilitate cross-economy comparisons. Provision of FAS data is voluntary.

This selection includes data related to SPC member countries and territories for some of the indicators available in the original database published by the IMF.

Find more Pacific data on PDH.stat.

Abstract

The fourth edition of the Global Findex offers a lens into how people accessed and used financial services during the COVID-19 pandemic, when mobility restrictions and health policies drove increased demand for digital services of all kinds.

The Global Findex is the world's most comprehensive database on financial inclusion. It is also the only global demand-side data source allowing for global and regional cross-country analysis to provide a rigorous and multidimensional picture of how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage financial risks. Global Findex 2021 data were collected from national representative surveys of about 128,000 adults in more than 120 economies. The latest edition follows the 2011, 2014, and 2017 editions, and it includes a number of new series measuring financial health and resilience and contains more granular data on digital payment adoption, including merchant and government payments.

The Global Findex is an indispensable resource for financial service practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and development professionals.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

In most developing economies, Global Findex data have traditionally been collected through face-to-face interviews. Surveys are conducted face-to-face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where in-person surveying is the customary methodology. However, because of ongoing COVID-19 related mobility restrictions, face-to-face interviewing was not possible in some of these economies in 2021. Phone-based surveys were therefore conducted in 67 economies that had been surveyed face-to-face in 2017. These 67 economies were selected for inclusion based on population size, phone penetration rate, COVID-19 infection rates, and the feasibility of executing phone-based methods where Gallup would otherwise conduct face-to-face data collection, while complying with all government-issued guidance throughout the interviewing process. Gallup takes both mobile phone and landline ownership into consideration. According to Gallup World Poll 2019 data, when face-to-face surveys were last carried out in these economies, at least 80 percent of adults in almost all of them reported mobile phone ownership. All samples are probability-based and nationally representative of the resident adult population. Phone surveys were not a viable option in 17 economies that had been part of previous Global Findex surveys, however, because of low mobile phone ownership and surveying restrictions. Data for these economies will be collected in 2022 and released in 2023.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed, and the hand-held survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In traditionally phone-based economies, respondent selection follows the same procedure as in previous years, using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In most economies where mobile phone and landline penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used.

The same respondent selection procedure is applied to the new phone-based economies. Dual frame (landline and mobile phone) random digital dialing is used where landline presence and use are 20 percent or higher based on historical Gallup estimates. Mobile phone random digital dialing is used in economies with limited to no landline presence (less than 20 percent).

For landline respondents in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is 80 percent or higher, random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. For mobile phone respondents in these economies or in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is less than 80 percent, no further selection is performed. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

Sample size for Malawi is 1000.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaires are available on the website.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar. 2022. The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of COVID-19. Washington, DC: World Bank.

United States US: Branches: per 100,000 Adults: Commercial Banks data was reported at 32.666 Number in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 33.033 Number for 2015. United States US: Branches: per 100,000 Adults: Commercial Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 33.941 Number from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2016, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 35.898 Number in 2009 and a record low of 32.386 Number in 2014. United States US: Branches: per 100,000 Adults: Commercial Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Banking Indicators. Commercial bank branches are retail locations of resident commercial banks and other resident banks that function as commercial banks that provide financial services to customers and are physically separated from the main office but not organized as legally separated subsidiaries.; ; International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey.; Median; Country-specific metadata can be found on the IMF’s FAS website at http://fas.imf.org.

Abstract

Financial inclusion is critical in reducing poverty and achieving inclusive economic growth. When people can participate in the financial system, they are better able to start and expand businesses, invest in their children’s education, and absorb financial shocks. Yet prior to 2011, little was known about the extent of financial inclusion and the degree to which such groups as the poor, women, and rural residents were excluded from formal financial systems.

By collecting detailed indicators about how adults around the world manage their day-to-day finances, the Global Findex allows policy makers, researchers, businesses, and development practitioners to track how the use of financial services has changed over time. The database can also be used to identify gaps in access to the formal financial system and design policies to expand financial inclusion.

Geographic coverage

Sample excludes Northeast states and remote islands, representing less than 10% of the population.

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

The target population is the civilian, non-institutionalized population 15 years and above.

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

The indicators in the 2017 Global Findex database are drawn from survey data covering almost 150,000 people in 144 economies-representing more than 97 percent of the world’s population (see table A.1 of the Global Findex Database 2017 Report for a list of the economies included). The survey was carried out over the 2017 calendar year by Gallup, Inc., as part of its Gallup World Poll, which since 2005 has annually conducted surveys of approximately 1,000 people in each of more than 160 economies and in over 150 languages, using randomly selected, nationally representative samples. The target population is the entire civilian, noninstitutionalized population age 15 and above. Interview procedure Surveys are conducted face to face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where this is the customary methodology. In most economies the fieldwork is completed in two to four weeks.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used.

Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed and the handheld survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer’s gender.

In economies where telephone interviewing is employed, random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers is used. In most economies where cell phone penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used. Random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

The sample size was 3000.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was designed by the World Bank, in conjunction with a Technical Advisory Board composed of leading academics, practitioners, and policy makers in the field of financial inclusion. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gallup Inc. also provided valuable input. The questionnaire was piloted in multiple countries, using focus groups, cognitive interviews, and field testing. The questionnaire is available in more than 140 languages upon request.

Questions on cash on delivery, saving using an informal savings club or person outside the family, domestic remittances, and agricultural payments are only asked in developing economies and few other selected countries. The question on mobile money accounts was only asked in economies that were part of the Mobile Money for the Unbanked (MMU) database of the GSMA at the time the interviews were being held.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, and Jake Hess. 2018. The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank

In the past several months South America has seen a very fast-paced enterprising development, particularly at fintech industry. As part of the process, some of them have taken it to another level, becoming "unicorns", because of their size in terms of market cap.

The amazing phenomenon, alongside a region that historically has struggled in economic and social life conditions, carried us to wonder how could it be possible. And which factors could empower the movement. We suspected it has to be related to some common status in South American financial access societies.

We found out anual IMF's Financial Access Survey (FAS), a perfect fit for our questions. We used SQL to design our Relational Model, creating a Star with seven tables, each related by id_Economy and year fields: economy, cards, ATM's, digital transactions, depositors, loans, regional result.

Populating tables drove us to extract data with IMF's querying tools, filtering by country and year range (cuted from 2011 to latest available data). At this point we had to pick indicators and fix them in created tables; selection looked for a combination between geographical outreach and usage of financial services, the two FAS dimensions. At last, we complemented data with standardizing variables for comparisons, such as adult population or surface area, extracted from World Bank Open Data.

We continue working on the project. Next step: a dashboard.

The A2F Survey, which stands for “Access to Financial Services,” is a nationally representative survey conducted in Nigeria. It assesses the access to and use of financial services by Nigerian adults aged 18 and above across all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja. The primary purpose of the A2F Survey was to gather credible data on financial inclusion in Nigeria. This data helps to identify opportunities for policy reform and market opportunities for financial service providers. The A2F Survey provides credible data that is essential for understanding the landscape of financial inclusion in Nigeria. It highlights opportunities for policy reform and market opportunities for financial service providers. The A2F Survey provides information about how Nigerians access and use financial services. It also offers insights into national trends in financial inclusion, financial health, the impact of events like Covid-19, Naira re-design, customer trust in financial institutions, and the adoption of digital financial services. The survey assesses all Nigerians’ access to and use of financial services, describes the access landscape, and identifies opportunities to promote financial inclusion in the country. It covers various aspects, including financial health, customer trust in financial institutions, and digital financial services. The A2F Survey is universally recognized by financial sector stakeholders in Nigeria. It serves as an established and leading source of information on national trends in financial inclusion, aiding industry professionals and policymakers in making informed decisions.

Sao Tome and Principe ST: Branches: per 100,000 Adults: Commercial Banks data was reported at 25.531 Number in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 25.531 Number for 2016. Sao Tome and Principe ST: Branches: per 100,000 Adults: Commercial Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 29.837 Number from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2017, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33.315 Number in 2013 and a record low of 20.361 Number in 2008. Sao Tome and Principe ST: Branches: per 100,000 Adults: Commercial Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sao Tome and Principe – Table ST.World Bank.WDI: Banking Indicators. Commercial bank branches are retail locations of resident commercial banks and other resident banks that function as commercial banks that provide financial services to customers and are physically separated from the main office but not organized as legally separated subsidiaries.; ; International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey.; Median; Country-specific metadata can be found on the IMF’s FAS website at http://fas.imf.org.

Abstract

The fourth edition of the Global Findex offers a lens into how people accessed and used financial services during the COVID-19 pandemic, when mobility restrictions and health policies drove increased demand for digital services of all kinds.

The Global Findex is the world's most comprehensive database on financial inclusion. It is also the only global demand-side data source allowing for global and regional cross-country analysis to provide a rigorous and multidimensional picture of how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage financial risks. Global Findex 2021 data were collected from national representative surveys of about 128,000 adults in more than 120 economies. The latest edition follows the 2011, 2014, and 2017 editions, and it includes a number of new series measuring financial health and resilience and contains more granular data on digital payment adoption, including merchant and government payments.

The Global Findex is an indispensable resource for financial service practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and development professionals.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

In most developing economies, Global Findex data have traditionally been collected through face-to-face interviews. Surveys are conducted face-to-face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where in-person surveying is the customary methodology. However, because of ongoing COVID-19 related mobility restrictions, face-to-face interviewing was not possible in some of these economies in 2021. Phone-based surveys were therefore conducted in 67 economies that had been surveyed face-to-face in 2017. These 67 economies were selected for inclusion based on population size, phone penetration rate, COVID-19 infection rates, and the feasibility of executing phone-based methods where Gallup would otherwise conduct face-to-face data collection, while complying with all government-issued guidance throughout the interviewing process. Gallup takes both mobile phone and landline ownership into consideration. According to Gallup World Poll 2019 data, when face-to-face surveys were last carried out in these economies, at least 80 percent of adults in almost all of them reported mobile phone ownership. All samples are probability-based and nationally representative of the resident adult population. Phone surveys were not a viable option in 17 economies that had been part of previous Global Findex surveys, however, because of low mobile phone ownership and surveying restrictions. Data for these economies will be collected in 2022 and released in 2023.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed, and the hand-held survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In traditionally phone-based economies, respondent selection follows the same procedure as in previous years, using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In most economies where mobile phone and landline penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used.

The same respondent selection procedure is applied to the new phone-based economies. Dual frame (landline and mobile phone) random digital dialing is used where landline presence and use are 20 percent or higher based on historical Gallup estimates. Mobile phone random digital dialing is used in economies with limited to no landline presence (less than 20 percent).

For landline respondents in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is 80 percent or higher, random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. For mobile phone respondents in these economies or in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is less than 80 percent, no further selection is performed. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

Sample size for South Africa is 1014.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaires are available on the website.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar. 2022. The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of COVID-19. Washington, DC: World Bank.

The Quarterly Survey of Financial Assets and Liabilities (FALS) collects information on the financial assets and liabilities held by companies, with the exception of financial institutions. (Financial Institutions are organisations such as banks and building societies and these provide data directly to the Bank of England). The data are mainly used in constructing the financial accounts for the non-financial corporations’ sector of the UK National Accounts and as an input into the compilation of the capital account of the UK Balance of Payments (the difference between imports and exports).

Latest edition information
For the fourth edition (September 2022), quarter 1 data for 2022 have been added to the study.

ST: Loan Accounts: per 1000 Adults: Commercial Banks data was reported at 158.365 Number in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 130.474 Number for 2016. ST: Loan Accounts: per 1000 Adults: Commercial Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 119.037 Number from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2017, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 158.365 Number in 2017 and a record low of 62.633 Number in 2014. ST: Loan Accounts: per 1000 Adults: Commercial Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Sao Tome and Principe – Table ST.World Bank.WDI: Banking Indicators. Borrowers from commercial banks are the reported number of resident customers that are nonfinancial corporations (public and private) and households who obtained loans from commercial banks and other banks functioning as commercial banks. For many countries data cover the total number of loan accounts due to lack of information on loan account holders.; ; International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey.; Median; Country-specific metadata can be found on the IMF’s FAS website at http://fas.imf.org.

The A2F Survey, which stands for “Access to Financial Services,” is a nationally representative survey conducted in Nigeria. It assesses the access to and use of financial services by Nigerian adults aged 18 and above across all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja. The survey assesses all Nigerians’ access to and use of financial services, describes the access landscape, and identifies opportunities to promote financial inclusion in the country. It covers various aspects, including financial health, customer trust in financial institutions, and digital financial services. The primary purpose of the A2F Survey was to gather credible data on financial inclusion in Nigeria. This data helps to identify opportunities for policy reform and market opportunities for financial service providers. The A2F Survey provides credible data that is essential for understanding the landscape of financial inclusion in Nigeria. It highlights opportunities for policy reform and market opportunities for financial service providers. The A2F Survey provides information about how Nigerians access and use financial services. It also offers insights into national trends in financial inclusion, financial health, the impact of events like Covid-19, Naira re-design, customer trust in financial institutions, and the adoption of digital financial services. The A2F Survey is universally recognized by financial sector stakeholders in Nigeria. It serves as an established and leading source of information on national trends in financial inclusion, aiding industry professionals and policymakers in making informed decisions.

US: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): per 100,000 Adults data was reported at 173.903 Number in 2009. This records an increase from the previous number of 168.010 Number for 2008. US: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): per 100,000 Adults data is updated yearly, averaging 168.688 Number from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2009, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 173.903 Number in 2009 and a record low of 165.783 Number in 2004. US: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): per 100,000 Adults data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Payment System. Automated teller machines are computerized telecommunications devices that provide clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public place.; ; International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey.; Median; Country-specific metadata can be found on the IMF’s FAS website at http://fas.imf.org.

France FR: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): per 100,000 Adults data was reported at 104.380 Number in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 106.993 Number for 2015. France FR: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): per 100,000 Adults data is updated yearly, averaging 104.380 Number from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2016, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 109.251 Number in 2012 and a record low of 85.493 Number in 2004. France FR: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): per 100,000 Adults data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s France – Table FR.World Bank.WDI: Payment System. Automated teller machines are computerized telecommunications devices that provide clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public place.; ; International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey.; Median; Country-specific metadata can be found on the IMF’s FAS website at http://fas.imf.org.

The survey covers micro (1 to 9 employees), small (10 to 49 employees), medium-sized (50 to 249 employees) and large firms (250 or more employees) and it provides evidence on the financing conditions faced by SMEs compared with those of large firms during the past six months. In addition to a breakdown into firm size classes, it provides evidence across branches of economic activity, euro area countries, firm age, financial autonomy of the firms, and ownership of the firms. Part of the survey is run by the ECB every six months to assess the latest developments of the financing conditions of firms in the euro area. The more comprehensive survey, run together with the European Commission, was initially conducted every two years, i.e. in 2009H1, 2011H1 and 2013H1. As from the wave 2014H1, the extended survey is run on the annual basis.

Abstract

The fourth edition of the Global Findex offers a lens into how people accessed and used financial services during the COVID-19 pandemic, when mobility restrictions and health policies drove increased demand for digital services of all kinds.

The Global Findex is the world's most comprehensive database on financial inclusion. It is also the only global demand-side data source allowing for global and regional cross-country analysis to provide a rigorous and multidimensional picture of how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage financial risks. Global Findex 2021 data were collected from national representative surveys of about 128,000 adults in more than 120 economies. The latest edition follows the 2011, 2014, and 2017 editions, and it includes a number of new series measuring financial health and resilience and contains more granular data on digital payment adoption, including merchant and government payments.

The Global Findex is an indispensable resource for financial service practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and development professionals.

Geographic coverage

Excluded populations living in Northeast states and remote islands and Jammu and Kashmir. The excluded areas represent less than 10 percent of the total population.

Analysis unit

Individual

Kind of data

Observation data/ratings [obs]

Sampling procedure

In most developing economies, Global Findex data have traditionally been collected through face-to-face interviews. Surveys are conducted face-to-face in economies where telephone coverage represents less than 80 percent of the population or where in-person surveying is the customary methodology. However, because of ongoing COVID-19 related mobility restrictions, face-to-face interviewing was not possible in some of these economies in 2021. Phone-based surveys were therefore conducted in 67 economies that had been surveyed face-to-face in 2017. These 67 economies were selected for inclusion based on population size, phone penetration rate, COVID-19 infection rates, and the feasibility of executing phone-based methods where Gallup would otherwise conduct face-to-face data collection, while complying with all government-issued guidance throughout the interviewing process. Gallup takes both mobile phone and landline ownership into consideration. According to Gallup World Poll 2019 data, when face-to-face surveys were last carried out in these economies, at least 80 percent of adults in almost all of them reported mobile phone ownership. All samples are probability-based and nationally representative of the resident adult population. Phone surveys were not a viable option in 17 economies that had been part of previous Global Findex surveys, however, because of low mobile phone ownership and surveying restrictions. Data for these economies will be collected in 2022 and released in 2023.

In economies where face-to-face surveys are conducted, the first stage of sampling is the identification of primary sampling units. These units are stratified by population size, geography, or both, and clustering is achieved through one or more stages of sampling. Where population information is available, sample selection is based on probabilities proportional to population size; otherwise, simple random sampling is used. Random route procedures are used to select sampled households. Unless an outright refusal occurs, interviewers make up to three attempts to survey the sampled household. To increase the probability of contact and completion, attempts are made at different times of the day and, where possible, on different days. If an interview cannot be obtained at the initial sampled household, a simple substitution method is used. Respondents are randomly selected within the selected households. Each eligible household member is listed, and the hand-held survey device randomly selects the household member to be interviewed. For paper surveys, the Kish grid method is used to select the respondent. In economies where cultural restrictions dictate gender matching, respondents are randomly selected from among all eligible adults of the interviewer's gender.

In traditionally phone-based economies, respondent selection follows the same procedure as in previous years, using random digit dialing or a nationally representative list of phone numbers. In most economies where mobile phone and landline penetration is high, a dual sampling frame is used.

The same respondent selection procedure is applied to the new phone-based economies. Dual frame (landline and mobile phone) random digital dialing is used where landline presence and use are 20 percent or higher based on historical Gallup estimates. Mobile phone random digital dialing is used in economies with limited to no landline presence (less than 20 percent).

For landline respondents in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is 80 percent or higher, random selection of respondents is achieved by using either the latest birthday or household enumeration method. For mobile phone respondents in these economies or in economies where mobile phone or landline penetration is less than 80 percent, no further selection is performed. At least three attempts are made to reach a person in each household, spread over different days and times of day.

Sample size for India is 3000.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaires are available on the website.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates of standard errors (which account for sampling error) vary by country and indicator. For country-specific margins of error, please refer to the Methodology section and corresponding table in Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar. 2022. The Global Findex Database 2021: Financial Inclusion, Digital Payments, and Resilience in the Age of COVID-19. Washington, DC: World Bank.

Survey on Access by Companies to Finance: Financing need, according to type of financing and year. National.

VC: Branches: per 100,000 Adults: Commercial Banks data was reported at 14.422 Number in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 14.422 Number for 2016. VC: Branches: per 100,000 Adults: Commercial Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 20.802 Number from Dec 2009 (Median) to 2017, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.296 Number in 2009 and a record low of 14.422 Number in 2017. VC: Branches: per 100,000 Adults: Commercial Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s St. Vincent and the Grenadines – Table VC.World Bank: Banking Indicators. Commercial bank branches are retail locations of resident commercial banks and other resident banks that function as commercial banks that provide financial services to customers and are physically separated from the main office but not organized as legally separated subsidiaries.; ; International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey.; Median; Country-specific metadata can be found on the IMF’s FAS website at http://fas.imf.org.

CF: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): per 100,000 Adults data was reported at 1.380 Number in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.160 Number for 2016. CF: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): per 100,000 Adults data is updated yearly, averaging 0.690 Number from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2017, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.380 Number in 2017 and a record low of 0.000 Number in 2007. CF: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): per 100,000 Adults data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Central African Republic – Table CF.World Bank.WDI: Payment System. Automated teller machines are computerized telecommunications devices that provide clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public place.;International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey.;Median;Country-specific metadata can be found on the IMF’s FAS website (data.imf.org).

Turkey TR: Loan Accounts: per 1000 Adults: Commercial Banks data was reported at 819.036 Number in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 803.891 Number for 2016. Turkey TR: Loan Accounts: per 1000 Adults: Commercial Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 785.481 Number from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2017, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 872.807 Number in 2012 and a record low of 528.766 Number in 2004. Turkey TR: Loan Accounts: per 1000 Adults: Commercial Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.World Bank.WDI: Banking Indicators. Borrowers from commercial banks are the reported number of resident customers that are nonfinancial corporations (public and private) and households who obtained loans from commercial banks and other banks functioning as commercial banks. For many countries data cover the total number of loan accounts due to lack of information on loan account holders.; ; International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey.; Median; Country-specific metadata can be found on the IMF’s FAS website at http://fas.imf.org.